EFFECTS OF DIETHYLSTILBESTROL IMPLANTATION ON GROWTH RATE, FEED UTILIZATION, AND CARCASS TRAITS OF YORKSHIRE PIGS ON RESTRICTED FEEDING

1964 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. L. Gorrill ◽  
J. M. Bell ◽  
C. M. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
External Genitalia ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Mammary Development ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Yorkshire Pigs ◽  
Better Than

The effects of diethylstilbestrol (DES) implants on rate of gain, feed utilization, and carcass characteristics were examined. The pigs (32 gilts, 32 barrows) were studied over the weight range 110 to 200 lb and were fed rations having either 64 or 72% T.D.N. Feeding was done twice daily in individual stalls. Eight of the 16 pigs of each sex and fed each ration received single 12-mg pellets of DES subcutaneously at the base of the ear.DES implants reduced the average daily gains of barrows from 1.53 lb to 1.36 lb but had little or no effect on gilt gains. Daily feed intakes of barrows decreased from 6.0 to 5.3 lb and intakes of gilts increased from 5.0 to 5.4 lb as a result of DES. Implanted gilts digested protein better than non-implanted gilts, whereas the reverse prevailed with barrows.Carcass measurements of longissimus dorsi area and back fat depth revealed only slight effects of DES but mammary development in pigs of both sexes that were implanted resulted in economic loss through carcass trimming. Estrogen tests of lean and fat tissues by mouse assay indicated absence of DES in the carcasses. All implanted gilts exhibited pronounced development of external genitalia.

The use of fats in pig rations

1963 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. Bayley ◽  
D. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Utilization

1. An experiment has been carried out using 64 pigs individually fed. They received a common ‘grower’ ration to 120 lb. live weight and were then divided into four groups. The ‘finisher’ rations contained 0, 2·5, 5 or 10% fat.2. The rations containing more fat also had a higher protein content and the scales of feeding were so arranged that the pigs received the same daily intake of protein and ‘energy’.3. The growth rate was slightly more rapid with the fat-supplemented diets and the carcass characteristics were not in any way impaired.4. The efficiency of feed utilization (f.c.r.) improved considerably when fat was included in the ration: the f.c.r. was 3·93 in the absence of fat and 3·30 when the ration contained 10% added fat.

GROWTH AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF BULLS, STEERS, AND PARTIAL CASTRATES KEPT ON RANGE FOR THE FIRST YEAR OF LIFE AND THEN FATTENED

1969 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. B. Bailey ◽  
R. Hironaka
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Prediction Equation ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
First Year ◽  
Or Efficiency ◽  
Slaughter Weight ◽  
First Year Of Life

The growth rate of bulls, steers castrated at 8 and 26 weeks of age, and steers partially castrated at 8 weeks of age did not differ before weaning in October at an average age of 181 days, or during the ensuing winter. During the subsequent finishing period in the feedlot, the rate and efficiency of growth of the partial castrates exceeded that of the steers but was less than that of the bulls. As a result, partial castrates reached the target slaughter weight of 440 kg 21 days earlier than the steers but 21 days later than the bulls. Varying the level of protein in the rations fed during the first 15 weeks of the feedlot period had no effect on rate or efficiency of gain.The percent fat in the 11th rib-cut and the depth of fat over the longissimus dorsi were less in bulls than in steers or partial castrates, and consequently the carcass grades of the bulls were generally lower. The percent separable muscle, estimated from a prediction equation, was greater in bulls than in steers and partial castrates.

scholarly journals Effect of breed type and ionophore supplementation on growth and carcass characteristic in feedlot hair lambs

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 633-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Salinas-Chavira ◽  
Alfredo Lara-Juarez ◽  
Abraham Gil-González ◽  
Jorge Jimenez-Castro ◽  
Ramón Garcia-Castillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Breed Type ◽  
Daily Gain

The effects of supplementing feedlot diets with ionophores and breed type were assessed on growth rate and carcass characteristics in hair lambs. Twenty four intact males, 12 Pelibuey × Dorper (PDo) and 12 Pelibuey × Damara (PDa) lambs, 17.9 ± 3.7 kg initial weight, were housed in individual pens for a 60-d feeding trial. The lambs were assigned randomly into four diets: control without additives (C); 25 µg/g monensin (M); 28 µg/g salinomycin (S); 28 µg/g S for 20 d, and 25 µg/g M for the next 40 d (SM). Each diet was supplied to six lambs. Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement, with four diets and two breed types of hair lambs (PDo and PDa). All diets were formulated to contain 14% CP and 2.6 Mcal ME/kg dry matter. At the end of the feeding trial carcass images were recorded in the last intercostal space (12th and 13th ribs) using ultrasound equipment to measure the Longissimus dorsi muscle area and subcutaneous fat (SF). The average daily gain (ADG), daily dry matter intake, feed:gain ratio, subcutaneous fat and Longissimus dorsi area were not affected by ionophore supplementation.. The Pelibuey × Dorper group tended to show better average daily gain than Pelibuey × Damara (262 g/d and 235 g/d, respectively). Daily dry matter intake, feed:gain ratio and subcutaneous fat were not affected by breed type. The Pelibuey × Dorper lambs had greater Longissimus dorsi area (16.74 cm²) than the Pelibuey × Damara (14.29 cm²) lambs. The growth rate was not influenced by the inclusion of ionophores. Pelibuey × Dorper lambs showed better average daily gain and carcass characteristics than Pelibuey × Damara lambs.

INFLUENCE OF ENERGY AND PROTEIN LEVEL IN RATIONS FOR FINISHING MARKET PIGS ON PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS

1964 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Waldern
Keyword(s):  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Feeding Experiment ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Yorkshire Pigs ◽  
Lower Record ◽  
High Level

Ninety-six Yorkshire pigs, reared during the growing period on high energy–high protein rations, were used in a 2 × 2 factorial feeding experiment to compare two levels of protein at two levels of energy in self-fed finishing rations. Pigs fed a high energy ration gained 0.34 lb more per day, consumed less feed, had more loin and back fat, lower Record of Performance (R.O.P.) scores, and received lower commercial grades than those fed the lower energy ration. The level of protein fed did not affect significantly, rate of gain, feed utilization, or carcass quality. An interaction existed between protein and energy whereby the adverse effects on carcass quality of the high level of energy were modified by the high level of protein with the result that average loin area was increased and a higher R.O.P. score and a higher percentage of grade A carcasses was obtained.

FEEDLOT AND CARCASS PERFORMANCE OF YOUNG BULLS REPRESENTING SEVERAL BREEDS AND BREED CROSSES

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. T. FREDEEN ◽  
A. H. MARTIN ◽  
G. M. WEISS ◽  
S. B. SLEN ◽  
L. J. SUMPTION
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Brown Swiss ◽  
Carcass Performance ◽  
Breed Crosses ◽  
Sire Breed ◽  
Panel Evaluation

A population of 174 hybrid bulls was used to evaluate pre- and postweaning growth and carcass characteristics of crosses involving Angus, Hereford, and Holstein dams and Angus, Hereford, Brown Swiss, Charolais, and Shorthorn sires. Progeny of Holstein dams excelled (P < 0.01) for pre- and postweaning growth traits. Breed of sire differences were generally nonsignificant except for growth rate in the feedlot. Dressing percentage was not influenced by breed of dam or sire. Hide weight was least for progeny of Holstein dams and greatest for progeny of Hereford dams and sires (P < 0.01). Holstein and Brown Swiss crosses had a higher proportion of bone (P < 0.01), a greater proportion of chuck and round, and a lower proportion of rib and sirloin than crosses from the British breeds. Area of rib eye was influenced by breed of dam but not breed of sire. British breed crosses had the greatest and Holstein, Brown Swiss, and Charolais crosses the least rib fat (P < 0.01). Total deboned–defatted lean yield of the carcass was least for the British breed crosses. Breed crosses did not differ in ether extract values from the longissimus dorsi but British breed crosses showed the greatest degree of marbling. No breed of sire or breed of dam differences were detected in tenderness of the longissimus dorsi, either by Warner-Bratzler or taste-panel evaluation, but significant breed of sire–breed of dam interactions were evident for these traits. Progeny of Hereford dams were more efficient (P < 0.01) than progeny of Holstein dams in converting feed to liveweight gain. This tended to negate the Holstein-cross advantage in growth rate and lean content, and there were no breed of dam differences in energy requirements per unit of lean produced. For the breed of sire comparisons, calves from the British breeds required the greatest energy intake per unit of lean product (P < 0.05).

scholarly journals GROWTH AND SOME CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF GROWING PIGS FED FULL-FAT SOYBEAN-BASED CONTAINING THREE PROTEIN SUPPLEMENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-51
Author(s):  
A. O. FANIMO
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Processing Time ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
General Trend ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Large White ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Better Than

Thirty-six large White X landrace growing pigs were randomly in a 3 x 3 factorial arrangement. The two dietary variables were protein source (Fish meal FM Chicken offal meal-COM and full-fat soybean - FFSB) and processing time of FFSB (30, 60, 90 minutes). Pigs on 90 minutes processed FFSB performed slightly better than those on 60 and 30 minutes as regard growth rate and feed to gain ration. The diets had no significant effect on slaughtering performance. However, the general trend showed a numerical increase in estimated loin eye area, back fat and abdominal fat with increased processing time of FFSR. Chicken offal meal also slightly increased the backfat and abdominal fat  

SLAUGHTER AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF CATTALO, HEREFORD, AND 1/4 BRAHMAN–3/4 HEREFORD YEARLINGS

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 689-695
Author(s):  
J. E. LAWSON ◽  
D. G. KELLER ◽  
H. F. PETERS
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
The Difference

Slaughter and carcass data were obtained from 60 cattalo that averaged 1/7 bison–6/7 domestic (27 bulls, 33 heifers), 19 Hereford (11 bulls, 8 heifers), and 17 1/4 Brahman–3/4 Hereford (12 bulls, 5 heifers) yearlings. At a constant age, 1/4 Brahman and Hereford exceeded cattalo in growth rate, i.e. slaughter weights were: 1/4 Brahman 381 ± 10 kg, Hereford 376 ± 8 kg, and cattalo 353 ±5 kg. At a constant 24-h cold carcass weight, cattalo exceeded Hereford in carcass length (2.3%). Breed groups did not differ in mean fat thickness over, or area of, the longissimus dorsi, dressing percent, or transit shrink. At a constant carcass weight, the weight of the loin section was similar in all breed groups, but Hereford exceeded cattalo in round weight (2.6%), cattalo surpassed 1/4 Brahman in rib weight (4.3%), and 1/4 Brahman exceeded Hereford in shoulder weight (3.2%). Bison and cattalo were reported to have heavier front than rear quarters. This study suggests that the cattalo were not heavier in the shoulder but were lighter in the round than the Hereford and that the difference basically was in the weight of the hind shank.

BRAHMAN-BRITISH BEEF CATTLE CROSSES IN CANADA. II. POSTWEANING GROWTH AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. F. PETERS ◽  
J. A. VESELY
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Major Benefit ◽  
Summer Range ◽  
Summer Grazing ◽  
Weight For Age

Brahman-British beef cattle crosses in Canada (F1 hybrids) out-gained contemporary Herefords under both winter and summer range conditions. Brahman × Hereford, Brahman × Angus and Brahman × Shorthorn steers marketed off grass at 2.5 yr of age surpassed Herefords by 61 – 64 kg in cold carcass weight, 3.9 – 4.8% in dressed carcass yield, and 4 – 6 cm2 in longissimus dorsi area per 250 kg of carcass. The 1/4-Brahman progenies from matings of Hereford bulls with F1 cows did not differ significantly from Herefords in year-long postweaning gain, either under Alberta range conditions or under summer grazing and limited winter feeding conditions at Ottawa, Ontario. Hereford × (Brahman × Hereford) backcross calves gained less than Herefords but averaged 16 kg heavier in cold carcass weight because of greater initial (weaning) weight and a higher dressing percentage. There was no difference between the crosses (F1 hybrids and back-crosses) and Herefords in carcass grade. The major benefit of the Brahman-British cattle crosses resulted from the superior performance of the F1 hybrids, expressed as a marked superiority in growth rate of the F1 steers and heifers and a greater weight-for-age of the 1/4-Brahman progenies of F1 cows. Key words: Brahman, Hereford, Angus, Shorthorn, crossbreeding

Differentiation of the effects of somatotropin and enhanced growth rate on the occurrence of osteochondrosis in pigs

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-255
Author(s):  
P. He ◽  
F. X. Aherne ◽  
T. Nakano ◽  
A. L. Schaefer ◽  
S. D. M. Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Daily Injection ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Porcine Somatotropin ◽  
Yorkshire Pigs ◽  
Weight Bearing Area

One hundred and twenty Yorkshire pigs, equal numbers of gilts and barrows, with an initial average weight of 69 kg were used in the present experiment. The animals were treated with 2 mg d−1 of recombinant porcine somatotropin (rpST) either by daily injection or by slow-release implant, while the control animals were treated with a sham implant. The daily injection of rpST increased daily weight gain (P < 0.0001) and decreased feed/gain ratio (P < 0.0001) and daily feed intake (P < 0.0001). Barrows grew faster (P = 0.02) and ate more feed (P = 0.0001) than gilts. On reaching ~ 100 kg, all pigs were slaughtered, and 60 pigs (two from each pen) were randomly selected for carcass evaluation. Carcass lean content was increased (P < 0.0001) and carcass fat content was decreased (P < 0.0001) in animals treated with rpST by daily injection. Animals treated with rpST by the slow-release implant were not different from the control animals in terms of growth performance and carcass characteristics. No overt lameness was observed in any of the pigs in the experiment. However, rpST treatment, regardless of the method of administration, increased the incidence and severity of osteochondrosis and reduced glycosaminoglycan concentration in the cartilage of the weight-bearing area of humeral and femoral condyles. These changes were independent of enhanced growth rate and carcass lean content. The results indicated that somatotropin treatment predisposes pigs to osteochondrosis. Key words: Osteochondrosis, growth rate, growth hormone, joint cartilage, pigs

scholarly journals THE EFFECTS OF GRADED LEVELS OF BREWERS' DRIED GRAINS AND MAIZE COBS IN THE DIETS OF PIGS ON THEIR PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS AND CARCASS QUALITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-133
Author(s):  
G. M. Babatunde ◽  
B. L. Fetuga ◽  
V. A. Oyenuga ◽  
A. Ayoade
Keyword(s):  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
The Other ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Weight Range ◽  
Maize Cobs ◽  
Quality Measurements ◽  
Better Than

A TRIAL was run with 70 weaner Yorkshire and Yorkshire x Landrace pigs to determine the effects of graded levels of brewers' grains and maize cobs on the performance and carcass characteristics of pigs. The two products were included at the levels of 5, 10 and 15 while the protein contents of the diet were maintained at approximately 20% throughout the experimental period that lasted from the initial weight of 17.0 kg to the slaughter weight of about 92 kg. Pigs were slaughtered at the predetermined liveweight of 92 kg and were conventionally graded. The results showed no significant differences among treatments and between products with respect to average daily gains and efficiencies of feed utilization, but the average daily feed and digestible energy intakes were significantly affected for the weight range of 17 to 55 kg, but not for the other weight ranges. Generally, pigs on brewers° dried grains tended to perform better than those on maize cobs hut the differences were not always significant. With respect to carcass quality measurements, although there were no significant differences among treatment means, there was a tendency towards lower fat measurements and higher lean parameters as the levels of the products increased from 5 to 15%. There were some significant differences between the two products in the carcass measurements of pigs, and the measurements were closely alike in some other measurements. It is concluded that the two products can be conveniently used to replace the more expensive maize component at least up to the 15% level tested in this trial without seriously depressing the performance of pigs.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document