INFLUENCE OF ENERGY AND PROTEIN LEVEL IN RATIONS FOR FINISHING MARKET PIGS ON PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS

1964 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Waldern
Keyword(s):  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Feeding Experiment ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Yorkshire Pigs ◽  
Lower Record ◽  
High Level

Ninety-six Yorkshire pigs, reared during the growing period on high energy–high protein rations, were used in a 2 × 2 factorial feeding experiment to compare two levels of protein at two levels of energy in self-fed finishing rations. Pigs fed a high energy ration gained 0.34 lb more per day, consumed less feed, had more loin and back fat, lower Record of Performance (R.O.P.) scores, and received lower commercial grades than those fed the lower energy ration. The level of protein fed did not affect significantly, rate of gain, feed utilization, or carcass quality. An interaction existed between protein and energy whereby the adverse effects on carcass quality of the high level of energy were modified by the high level of protein with the result that average loin area was increased and a higher R.O.P. score and a higher percentage of grade A carcasses was obtained.

THE EFFECTS OF SEX AND AGE OF MALE AT CASTRATION ON GROWTH AND CARCASS QUALITY OF YORKSHIRE SWINE

1961 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Charette
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Iodine Number ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Effect On Growth

The effects of sex and age of castration of males on growth rate, feed efficiency and carcass characteristics in bacon type swine were measured using 16 pigs each as gilts, entire boars, and boars castrated at birth, 6, 12, 16, and 20 weeks of age. Castration at 20 weeks was too late since some pigs reached 200 pounds live weight before that age. Boars consumed less feed daily than barrows and gilts, were thinner in loin fat, and yielded a higher percentage of shoulder than gilts. The carcasses of boars and gilts were longer, had less fat covering over the shoulder and back, a larger area of loin, and a higher iodine number than those castrated late. Acceptability tests showed that sex or age of castration did not affect the flavour, odour, or tenderness of the meat.Purebred breeders can delay castration for better selection of boars without any serious effect on growth, physical carcass characteristics, and feed requirements. Although the market discriminates against boars, it appears questionable whether castration is necessary when boars are slaughtered at 200 pounds before they reach the age of 150 days.

INFLUENCE OF STRAIN AND SEX ON THE RELATIONSHIP OF PROTEIN TO ENERGY IN THE RATIONS OF GROWING AND FINISHING BACON PIGS

1959 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Bowland ◽  
R. T. Berg
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Strain Differences ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Strain Interaction ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Rations varying in energy (65 to 79 per cent TDN or 69 to 88 per cent apparent digestible energy) and protein (13 to 21 per cent) were studied in two experiments with 120 pigs of four strains. Rate of liveweight gain tended to be fastest in pigs fed high energy-high protein rations throughout. Males gained more rapidly than females, with strain differences being evident. Strain × sex interactions in rate of gain were present in both the growing and finishing period, with a ration × strain interaction present in the growing period. There was an indication that in the growing period pigs on high energy, particularly high energy-high protein rations ate more than pigs fed low energy rations. In the finishing period low energy rations were consumed at a higher rate than high energy rations with protein level having no influence on feed intake. In the growing period to 110 pounds, high protein rations resulted in improved feed efficiency as compared to medium protein rations, while in the finishing period to market weight high energy rations were more efficient than low energy rations. There was evidence that high protein alone or in combination with high energy rations also improved efficiency of feed utilization in the finishing period. Female pigs required less feed per pound gain than male pigs in the finishing period. High energy rations resulted in increased dressing percentage and generally inferior carcasses. There was an indication that high protein rations resulted in leaner carcasses. Carcass length was not influenced by ration. Carcasses from female pigs excelled those from male pigs in all factors measured except carcass length. Strain differences in carcass characteristics existed but no appreciable strain × ration interactions were noted.

Growth and carcass characteristics of camels given different level of protein and energy in Iran

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 ◽  
pp. 224-224
Author(s):  
Y. Rouzbehan ◽  
A. Shadmanesh ◽  
N. Debiri ◽  
M. Eslami
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Factorial Anova ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Main Effects

Recently ,there is an incrase interest in fattening camals in Iran .This trial aimed to define the influence of dietary energy and protein levels on performance and carcass quality of camels in khorasan province.For 80 days, nine diets with three metaboliseble energy 10.9, 8.8 or 7.6 MJ /kg DM and three crude protein levels 140, 120, or 100 g/kg DM were offerd ad lib to thirty six camels (mean initial weight 183 kg ± 7.7) , where each treatment were randomly allocated to four animals, that were housed individually. Food intakes were recorded daily. Throughout the trial , all animals were weighed at fortnightly intervals. At the end of the project ,two animals from each treatment were slaughtered and carcass quality were determined. Data were analysed as a 3x3 factorial Anova, with energy and protein were the main effects.

Propionic acid-treated barley in the diets of bacon pigs

1975 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. A. Cole ◽  
P. H. Brooks ◽  
P. R. English ◽  
R. M. Livingstone ◽  
J. R. Luscombe
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Significant Difference

SUMMARYGrowth performance and carcass quality (linear measurements) were studied in pigs grown from 25 to 90 kg on barley stored and prepared in different ways. Half the barley was dried to about 14% moisture content for storage and half was not dried but treated with 0·8% propionic acid. Each was given after hammer-milling (3·2 mm screen) or rolling. A total of 144 pigs was used at four centres.The performance and carcass quality of pigs given acid-treated barley were as good as those given dried barley. While feed utilization, expressed on the basis of air-dry feed, was poorer for pigs fed on acid-treated barley this difference disappeared when account was taken of the different moisture contents of the barley samples. Pigs fed on diets based on milled barley grew more quickly, had better feed utilization but greater fat measurements than pigs fed on rolled barley. There was a significant interaction between storage method and feed preparation (milling or rolling). Pigs given the acid-treated barley grew more quickly when it was in the milled form than when it was rolled, whereas for the dried barley there was a small, non-significant difference in favour of the rolled form.

Effect of duck diet supplemented with fermented seaweed wastes on carcass characteristics and production efficiency of indigenous Indonesian ducks

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. I. Santoso ◽  
E. Suprijatna ◽  
A. Setiadi ◽  
S. Susanti
Keyword(s):  
Fat Mass ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Feed Supplement ◽  
Formulated Feed

Gracilaria sp is as eaweed with carbohydrate-rich wastes. Its symbiont, Brotia sp,is rich in calcium and protein. The effects of Gracilaria’s wastes (GW) as formulated feed supplement on carcass characteristics and production efficiency of local Indonesian ducks. Data were collected from 120 ducks fed either a basal dietor a fermented Gracilaria’s wastes supplemented diet (FGW). Treatment levels of FGW were 10%, 12.5%, and 15%. The highest level of meat antioxidant status was reached at 15% FGW, while the optimum level of FGW for decreasing the fat content was 12.5%. The best reduction in meat fat mass was at 15% FGW. Further more, duck feed with FGW resulted in lower average and normalized costs and increased income than observed with the basal diet. Thus, GW as a feed supplement effectively ameliorated the productivity and carcass quality of indigenous Indonesian ducks.

A note on the carcass quality of Dairy Shorthorn, Red Friesian, Red Holstein, Danish Red, Meuse-Rhine-Yssel, Simmental and North Devon progeny of Dairy Shorthorn dams

1983 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-297
Author(s):  
P. M. Hocking
Keyword(s):  
Standard Error ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Improvement Programme ◽  
Breed Improvement ◽  
Average Standard Error ◽  
Feeding Systems

ABSTRACTCarcass characteristics of 246 bulls and steers by Dairy Shorthorn (DS), Red Friesian (RF), Red Holstein (RH), Danish Red (DR), Meuse-Rhine-Yssel (MR), Simmental (SM) and North Devon (BB) bulls were recorded as part of a breed improvement programme. Carcasses of animals on grass-feeding systems were older, had lower fat and conformation scores and higher estimated lean yield than on intensive cereal systems, BB were fatter, and MR and SM leaner, than the remaining breed groups which were similar to DS and SM progeny had high conformation scores. Estimated lean in the live weight (g/kg) relative to DS was RF +5, RH −3, DR +5, MR +16, SM +16 and BB +6 with an average standard error of 3.

Single cereal diets for bacon pigs 1. The effects of diets based on barley, wheat, maize meal, flaked maize or sorghum on performance and carcass characteristics

1969 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. A. Cole ◽  
E. G. Clent ◽  
J. R. Luscombe
Keyword(s):  
Energy Content ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Maize Meal ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Amino Acid Balance

SUMMARYTwo experiments were carried out to compare the performance and carcass quality of pigs given diets based on barley, wheat or maize meal, and another two experiments comparing these cereals, flaked maize and sorghum. In general, differences in the utilization of feed for live-weight gain could be related to differences in the digestible energy content of the cereals used in the diet, although in some experiments pigs behaved atypically on individual diets. Flaked maize was consistently inferior to the other cereals in the efficiency of conversion of its digestible energy, possibly because of its poorer amino acid balance and its low levels of lysine and tryptophan in relation to energy. Differences between experiments in the performance of pigs fed on the various diets are also discussed. Differences between treatments in killing-out percentage and predicted lean percentage were small, and carcasses of pigs from all treatments were acceptable for bacon curing.

scholarly journals Performance, Carcass Characteristics and Meat Quality of Intact and Castrated Ardhi Goat Kids Fed High Energy Diet

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 2157-2162 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. El-Waziry ◽  
A.N. Al-Owaimer ◽  
G.M. Suliman ◽  
E.S. Hussein ◽  
M.A. Abouheif
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
High Energy

scholarly journals NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS FOR CANADIAN YORKSHIRE SWINE: II. THE EFFECTS OF BARLEY AND OAT FINISHING RATIONS ON RATE OF GAIN, FEED UTILIZATION AND CARCASS QUALITY OF PIGS MARKETED AT 185 AND 200 POUNDS LIVEWEIGHT

1958 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Bell ◽  
J. P. Bowland ◽  
C. D. T. Cameron ◽  
E. W. Crampton ◽  
L. E. Lloyd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Influences ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Nutrient Requirements ◽  
Feeding Trial

Four stations co-operated in a statistically analysed feeding trial to compare barley and oats in self-fed finishing rations. Pigs fed barley gained 0.25 lb. more per day, consumed more TDN and calories daily, had higher dressing percentages, and received lower commercial grades for carcass quality. They had more back fat but Advanced Registry (AR) scores were not significantly different.There was no improvement in commercial grades or AR scores when pigs were slaughtered at 185 instead of 200 lb. liveweight, although lighter pigs had less back fat. Significant differences between stations demonstrate importance of considering genetic and environmental influences when interpreting results of nutrition studies.

scholarly journals INGREDIENT AND PROCESSING INTERRELATIONSHIPS IN SWINE FEEDS: IV. EFFECTS OF VARIOUS LEVELS AND KINDS OF FIBROUS DILUENTS IN FINISHER RATIONS, FED AS MEAL OR PELLETS, ON PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS QUALITY OF SWINE

1962 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Troelsen ◽  
J. M. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Oat Hulls ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Corn Cobs ◽  
Meat Meal ◽  
Yorkshire Pigs ◽  
Alfalfa Meal

A feeding experiment, of 2 × 2 × 3 × 5 factorial design (two sexes, pellets versus meal, three levels of fiber and five sources of fiber) involving 60 gilts and 60 barrows, weighing initially 100 ± 5 pounds, and individually fed to 200 ± 5 pounds, was carried out. The basal ration was composed of equal parts wheat and barley with soybean oil meal and meat meal as the protein supplement. This ration was diluted with three levels each of oat hulls, alfalfa meal, wheat bran, cellulose and ground corn cobs so as to obtain estimated T.D.N. levels in the ration of 62, 65 and 68 per cent. All rations were supplemented with vitamins and minerals. Each ration was fed as meal and as 3/16-inch pellets. Feed was allowed during two 1-hour periods daily and was, therefore, partially restricted.A Cr2O3-marker digestibility study was carried out in mid-test and the carcasses were assessed following slaughter.Daily feed intakes varied, depending on the diluent used, thus revealing that factors other than T.D.N. levels per se influence feed consumption by pigs self-fed rations balanced in other respects. The net effect on digestible energy intake was interpreted for each type of diluent in relation to the attainment of desirable rates of gain and carcass quality of Yorkshire pigs. Digestible energy intakes per day decreased by 43, 43, 36, 56 and 92 kcal. for each 1 per cent increase in the amount of oat hulls, alfalfa meal, wheat bran, cellulose or corn cobs, respectively.Pelleting was found to increase digestible energy intakes by 10 to 15 per cent, mainly as a result of improved digestibility of energy components.

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