FEEDLOT AND CARCASS PERFORMANCE OF YOUNG BULLS REPRESENTING SEVERAL BREEDS AND BREED CROSSES

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. T. FREDEEN ◽  
A. H. MARTIN ◽  
G. M. WEISS ◽  
S. B. SLEN ◽  
L. J. SUMPTION
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Brown Swiss ◽  
Carcass Performance ◽  
Breed Crosses ◽  
Sire Breed ◽  
Panel Evaluation

A population of 174 hybrid bulls was used to evaluate pre- and postweaning growth and carcass characteristics of crosses involving Angus, Hereford, and Holstein dams and Angus, Hereford, Brown Swiss, Charolais, and Shorthorn sires. Progeny of Holstein dams excelled (P < 0.01) for pre- and postweaning growth traits. Breed of sire differences were generally nonsignificant except for growth rate in the feedlot. Dressing percentage was not influenced by breed of dam or sire. Hide weight was least for progeny of Holstein dams and greatest for progeny of Hereford dams and sires (P < 0.01). Holstein and Brown Swiss crosses had a higher proportion of bone (P < 0.01), a greater proportion of chuck and round, and a lower proportion of rib and sirloin than crosses from the British breeds. Area of rib eye was influenced by breed of dam but not breed of sire. British breed crosses had the greatest and Holstein, Brown Swiss, and Charolais crosses the least rib fat (P < 0.01). Total deboned–defatted lean yield of the carcass was least for the British breed crosses. Breed crosses did not differ in ether extract values from the longissimus dorsi but British breed crosses showed the greatest degree of marbling. No breed of sire or breed of dam differences were detected in tenderness of the longissimus dorsi, either by Warner-Bratzler or taste-panel evaluation, but significant breed of sire–breed of dam interactions were evident for these traits. Progeny of Hereford dams were more efficient (P < 0.01) than progeny of Holstein dams in converting feed to liveweight gain. This tended to negate the Holstein-cross advantage in growth rate and lean content, and there were no breed of dam differences in energy requirements per unit of lean produced. For the breed of sire comparisons, calves from the British breeds required the greatest energy intake per unit of lean product (P < 0.05).

GROWTH AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF BULLS, STEERS, AND PARTIAL CASTRATES KEPT ON RANGE FOR THE FIRST YEAR OF LIFE AND THEN FATTENED

1969 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. B. Bailey ◽  
R. Hironaka
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Prediction Equation ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
First Year ◽  
Or Efficiency ◽  
Slaughter Weight ◽  
First Year Of Life

The growth rate of bulls, steers castrated at 8 and 26 weeks of age, and steers partially castrated at 8 weeks of age did not differ before weaning in October at an average age of 181 days, or during the ensuing winter. During the subsequent finishing period in the feedlot, the rate and efficiency of growth of the partial castrates exceeded that of the steers but was less than that of the bulls. As a result, partial castrates reached the target slaughter weight of 440 kg 21 days earlier than the steers but 21 days later than the bulls. Varying the level of protein in the rations fed during the first 15 weeks of the feedlot period had no effect on rate or efficiency of gain.The percent fat in the 11th rib-cut and the depth of fat over the longissimus dorsi were less in bulls than in steers or partial castrates, and consequently the carcass grades of the bulls were generally lower. The percent separable muscle, estimated from a prediction equation, was greater in bulls than in steers and partial castrates.

scholarly journals Effect of breed type and ionophore supplementation on growth and carcass characteristic in feedlot hair lambs

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 633-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Salinas-Chavira ◽  
Alfredo Lara-Juarez ◽  
Abraham Gil-González ◽  
Jorge Jimenez-Castro ◽  
Ramón Garcia-Castillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Breed Type ◽  
Daily Gain

The effects of supplementing feedlot diets with ionophores and breed type were assessed on growth rate and carcass characteristics in hair lambs. Twenty four intact males, 12 Pelibuey × Dorper (PDo) and 12 Pelibuey × Damara (PDa) lambs, 17.9 ± 3.7 kg initial weight, were housed in individual pens for a 60-d feeding trial. The lambs were assigned randomly into four diets: control without additives (C); 25 µg/g monensin (M); 28 µg/g salinomycin (S); 28 µg/g S for 20 d, and 25 µg/g M for the next 40 d (SM). Each diet was supplied to six lambs. Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement, with four diets and two breed types of hair lambs (PDo and PDa). All diets were formulated to contain 14% CP and 2.6 Mcal ME/kg dry matter. At the end of the feeding trial carcass images were recorded in the last intercostal space (12th and 13th ribs) using ultrasound equipment to measure the Longissimus dorsi muscle area and subcutaneous fat (SF). The average daily gain (ADG), daily dry matter intake, feed:gain ratio, subcutaneous fat and Longissimus dorsi area were not affected by ionophore supplementation.. The Pelibuey × Dorper group tended to show better average daily gain than Pelibuey × Damara (262 g/d and 235 g/d, respectively). Daily dry matter intake, feed:gain ratio and subcutaneous fat were not affected by breed type. The Pelibuey × Dorper lambs had greater Longissimus dorsi area (16.74 cm²) than the Pelibuey × Damara (14.29 cm²) lambs. The growth rate was not influenced by the inclusion of ionophores. Pelibuey × Dorper lambs showed better average daily gain and carcass characteristics than Pelibuey × Damara lambs.

EFFECTS OF DIETHYLSTILBESTROL IMPLANTATION ON GROWTH RATE, FEED UTILIZATION, AND CARCASS TRAITS OF YORKSHIRE PIGS ON RESTRICTED FEEDING

1964 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. L. Gorrill ◽  
J. M. Bell ◽  
C. M. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
External Genitalia ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Mammary Development ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Yorkshire Pigs ◽  
Better Than

The effects of diethylstilbestrol (DES) implants on rate of gain, feed utilization, and carcass characteristics were examined. The pigs (32 gilts, 32 barrows) were studied over the weight range 110 to 200 lb and were fed rations having either 64 or 72% T.D.N. Feeding was done twice daily in individual stalls. Eight of the 16 pigs of each sex and fed each ration received single 12-mg pellets of DES subcutaneously at the base of the ear.DES implants reduced the average daily gains of barrows from 1.53 lb to 1.36 lb but had little or no effect on gilt gains. Daily feed intakes of barrows decreased from 6.0 to 5.3 lb and intakes of gilts increased from 5.0 to 5.4 lb as a result of DES. Implanted gilts digested protein better than non-implanted gilts, whereas the reverse prevailed with barrows.Carcass measurements of longissimus dorsi area and back fat depth revealed only slight effects of DES but mammary development in pigs of both sexes that were implanted resulted in economic loss through carcass trimming. Estrogen tests of lean and fat tissues by mouse assay indicated absence of DES in the carcasses. All implanted gilts exhibited pronounced development of external genitalia.

Carcass composition of crossbred lambs by ten sire breeds compared at the same carcass subcutaneous fat proportion

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Croston ◽  
A. J. Kempster ◽  
D. R. Guy ◽  
D. W. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Tissue Separation ◽  
Breed Crosses ◽  
Sire Breed

ABSTRACTAn evaluation was carried out over a 5-year period in 10 commercial flocks of Scottish Blackface, Scottish Half-bred and Mule ewes to examine the carcass characteristics of 10 sire breeds: Border Leicester, Dorset Down, Hampshire Down, He de France, North Country Cheviot, Oxford Down, Southdown, Suffolk, Texel and Wensleydale. An average of 43 sires was used per sire breed.The analyses involved tissue separation data for a total of 1402 lambs. Analyses were carried out separately for early and late flocks determined by the time of the year in which lambs were slaughtered. Sire breeds were compared when their progeny were slaughtered at the same carcass subcutaneous fat proportion (125 g/kg, early flocks; 116 g/kg, late flocks).Texel crosses had the highest carcass lean proportion (P < 005); their advantages over the Suffolk crosses were 19 g/kg (early flocks) and 17 g/kg (late flocks) reflecting both a higher lean:bone ratio and a higher lean:fat ratio. The Suffolk crosses had a similar carcass lean proportion to other breed crosses. Border Leicester, North Country Cheviot, Texel and Wensleydale crosses tended to have less of their total lean distributed in the higher-priced joints than the Down breed crosses. However, the differences were relatively small and not of major commercial significance: the range between sire breeds was 0-01 to 0-02 of average retail value.

SLAUGHTER AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF CATTALO, HEREFORD, AND 1/4 BRAHMAN–3/4 HEREFORD YEARLINGS

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 689-695
Author(s):  
J. E. LAWSON ◽  
D. G. KELLER ◽  
H. F. PETERS
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
The Difference

Slaughter and carcass data were obtained from 60 cattalo that averaged 1/7 bison–6/7 domestic (27 bulls, 33 heifers), 19 Hereford (11 bulls, 8 heifers), and 17 1/4 Brahman–3/4 Hereford (12 bulls, 5 heifers) yearlings. At a constant age, 1/4 Brahman and Hereford exceeded cattalo in growth rate, i.e. slaughter weights were: 1/4 Brahman 381 ± 10 kg, Hereford 376 ± 8 kg, and cattalo 353 ±5 kg. At a constant 24-h cold carcass weight, cattalo exceeded Hereford in carcass length (2.3%). Breed groups did not differ in mean fat thickness over, or area of, the longissimus dorsi, dressing percent, or transit shrink. At a constant carcass weight, the weight of the loin section was similar in all breed groups, but Hereford exceeded cattalo in round weight (2.6%), cattalo surpassed 1/4 Brahman in rib weight (4.3%), and 1/4 Brahman exceeded Hereford in shoulder weight (3.2%). Bison and cattalo were reported to have heavier front than rear quarters. This study suggests that the cattalo were not heavier in the shoulder but were lighter in the round than the Hereford and that the difference basically was in the weight of the hind shank.

BRAHMAN-BRITISH BEEF CATTLE CROSSES IN CANADA. II. POSTWEANING GROWTH AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. F. PETERS ◽  
J. A. VESELY
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Major Benefit ◽  
Summer Range ◽  
Summer Grazing ◽  
Weight For Age

Brahman-British beef cattle crosses in Canada (F1 hybrids) out-gained contemporary Herefords under both winter and summer range conditions. Brahman × Hereford, Brahman × Angus and Brahman × Shorthorn steers marketed off grass at 2.5 yr of age surpassed Herefords by 61 – 64 kg in cold carcass weight, 3.9 – 4.8% in dressed carcass yield, and 4 – 6 cm2 in longissimus dorsi area per 250 kg of carcass. The 1/4-Brahman progenies from matings of Hereford bulls with F1 cows did not differ significantly from Herefords in year-long postweaning gain, either under Alberta range conditions or under summer grazing and limited winter feeding conditions at Ottawa, Ontario. Hereford × (Brahman × Hereford) backcross calves gained less than Herefords but averaged 16 kg heavier in cold carcass weight because of greater initial (weaning) weight and a higher dressing percentage. There was no difference between the crosses (F1 hybrids and back-crosses) and Herefords in carcass grade. The major benefit of the Brahman-British cattle crosses resulted from the superior performance of the F1 hybrids, expressed as a marked superiority in growth rate of the F1 steers and heifers and a greater weight-for-age of the 1/4-Brahman progenies of F1 cows. Key words: Brahman, Hereford, Angus, Shorthorn, crossbreeding

Evaluation of three- and four-breed cross litters and pigs sired by purebred and crossbred boars

1977 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Fahmy ◽  
W. B. Holtmann
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Significant Source ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Breed Crosses ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Sire Breed

SUMMARYBoars from four pure breeds and three two-breed crosses were mated at two stations to sows from six two-breed crosses to produce three- and four-breed cross litters. Two types of three-breed crosses were produced either using purebred boars or by partial backcrossing using crossbred boars. From the 504 litters produced 965 male pigs were slaughtered at 90 kg live weight. The purebred boars produced litters which were 0·4 and 0·2 pigs larger and 0·14 and 1·14 kg heavier at birth and 21 days respectively than the crossbred boars. Differences between pigs sired by purebred and crossbred boars were negligible for growth rate and carcass quality. Little difference was also found between three- and four-breed cross pigs sired by crossbred boars (except for daily gain, P < 0·05). Breed of dam was a significant source of variation on all the traits except dressing-out percentage. Significant breed of sire effect was found on all the traits related to carcass quality but not on those related to growth. Breed of sire × breed of dam interaction was significant on backfat thickness, carcass lean yield percentage and average daily gain. The best crosses in carcass value were those of Duroc boars mated to Hampshire-Landrace and Landrace-Yorkshire sows, while those pigs with the fastest gain were from Landrace boars ×Duroc-Yorkshire sows and Duroc-Yorkshire boars × Large Black-Lacombe sows.

ENVIRONMENTAL AND GENETIC EFFECTS ON PREWEANING PERFORMANCE OF CALVES FROM FIRST-CROSS COWS. II. GROWTH TRAITS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. T. FREDEEN ◽  
G. M. WEISS ◽  
J. A. NEWMAN ◽  
G. W. RAHNEFELD ◽  
J. E. LAWSON
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Genetic Interactions ◽  
Terminal Sire ◽  
Sire Breed

Environmental and genetic effects on preweaning growth traits were evaluated for 4034 calves born and 3732 calves weaned in second and later parities from contemporary populations of first-cross dams maintained at two locations, Brandon and Manyberries. The calves were sired by Chianina (Chi), Charolais (C), Limousin (L) and Simmental (S) bulls mated to 10 F1 dam crosses representing the Hereford × Angus (HA) and nine dam-cross combinations produced by matings of C, S and L sires with H, A and Shorthorn (N) females. Sex differences were important (P < 0.0001) with males averaging 7% heavier at birth and 5% higher in measures of postweaning growth than females. Location differences were negligible for birth weight (1.2%), but preweaning growth rate was 10–13% greater at Brandon (P < 0.0001) than at Manyberries. Year differences were large for all traits measured (P < 0.0001) and, with the exception of birth weight, were related to differences in annual weaning date. Progeny rankings by terminal sire breed were Chi > C (2.5%), Chi > S (4.2%), and Chi > L (11.4%) for birth weight (all P < 0.0001) and Chi = C = S > L by 6% (P < 0.0001) for all measures of preweaning growth. Ranking of the dam crosses by their breed of sire (DS) were C > S > L for birth weight (P < 0.0001) and S > C > L for preweaning growth (P < 0.0002). The paired DS comparisons indicated S > L by 9.1% and C > L by 2.7% for growth rate. Ranking of the dam crosses by their breed of dam (DD) were H = N > A (P < 0.0001) for birth weight and [Formula: see text] for preweaning growth traits. A location × dam cross interaction was evident for the Charolais × Shorthorn dam cross (P < 0.01). Progeny from all dam crosses except the LH and LA at Manyberries grew more rapidly than their contemporary controls (HA progeny) with the Simmental crosses averaging 11–14% higher than the HA. Genetic interactions involving breed of sire and breed of dam were absent. Key words: Beef cattle, crossbreeding, preweaning growth

Additive and non-additive genetic effects of growth-curve parameters of Holstein, Ayrshire and crossbred females

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Perotto ◽  
R. I. Cue ◽  
A. J. Lee ◽  
A. J. McAllister ◽  
J. R. Batra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Growth Curve ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Average Lifetime ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Maternal Performance

Crossbreeding parameters (line additive, dominance and additive × additive epistatic effects for individual and for maternal performance) on growth traits of females from a crossbreeding experiment between Holstein-based (HS) and Ayrshire-based (AS) lines were estimated by individual animal models, incorporating all known additive genetic relationships among animals, through restricted maximum likelihood and mixed-model methodologies. The growth traits [asymptotic weight (A), rate parameter (k), inflection parameter (m), average lifetime absolute growth rate (AGR), average lifetime absolute maturing rate (AMR) and average lifetime relative growth rate (RGR)] were estimated by fitting the Richards function to the observed growth curve of 3076 individuals. The statistical model included the random effect of the animal breeding value and the fixed effects of genetic group and station–year–season of birth. Results indicated that the HS exceeded (P < 0.001) the AS in additive effects for individual performance for both A and AGR. The HS exceeded (P < 0.05) the AS in additive effects for maternal performance for A. Individual heterosis was positive for A (P < 0.001) and for AGR (P < 0.01). Maternal heterosis was negative for A (P < 0.05) and positive for AMR (P < 0.05). Total heterosis (TH) had positive effects on both AGR and AMR (P < 0.05). Heterosis retained in advanced crossbred generations was not significant (P > 0.05) for any of the studied traits. The results suggest that crossbreeding designed to exploit TH can alter the shape of the growth curve of dairy cattle. Key words: Crossbreeding, dairy cattle, growth curve

THE EFFECTS OF SEX AND AGE OF MALE AT CASTRATION ON GROWTH AND CARCASS QUALITY OF YORKSHIRE SWINE

1961 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Charette
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Iodine Number ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Effect On Growth

The effects of sex and age of castration of males on growth rate, feed efficiency and carcass characteristics in bacon type swine were measured using 16 pigs each as gilts, entire boars, and boars castrated at birth, 6, 12, 16, and 20 weeks of age. Castration at 20 weeks was too late since some pigs reached 200 pounds live weight before that age. Boars consumed less feed daily than barrows and gilts, were thinner in loin fat, and yielded a higher percentage of shoulder than gilts. The carcasses of boars and gilts were longer, had less fat covering over the shoulder and back, a larger area of loin, and a higher iodine number than those castrated late. Acceptability tests showed that sex or age of castration did not affect the flavour, odour, or tenderness of the meat.Purebred breeders can delay castration for better selection of boars without any serious effect on growth, physical carcass characteristics, and feed requirements. Although the market discriminates against boars, it appears questionable whether castration is necessary when boars are slaughtered at 200 pounds before they reach the age of 150 days.

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