Differentiation of the effects of somatotropin and enhanced growth rate on the occurrence of osteochondrosis in pigs

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-255
Author(s):  
P. He ◽  
F. X. Aherne ◽  
T. Nakano ◽  
A. L. Schaefer ◽  
S. D. M. Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Daily Injection ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Porcine Somatotropin ◽  
Yorkshire Pigs ◽  
Weight Bearing Area

One hundred and twenty Yorkshire pigs, equal numbers of gilts and barrows, with an initial average weight of 69 kg were used in the present experiment. The animals were treated with 2 mg d−1 of recombinant porcine somatotropin (rpST) either by daily injection or by slow-release implant, while the control animals were treated with a sham implant. The daily injection of rpST increased daily weight gain (P < 0.0001) and decreased feed/gain ratio (P < 0.0001) and daily feed intake (P < 0.0001). Barrows grew faster (P = 0.02) and ate more feed (P = 0.0001) than gilts. On reaching ~ 100 kg, all pigs were slaughtered, and 60 pigs (two from each pen) were randomly selected for carcass evaluation. Carcass lean content was increased (P < 0.0001) and carcass fat content was decreased (P < 0.0001) in animals treated with rpST by daily injection. Animals treated with rpST by the slow-release implant were not different from the control animals in terms of growth performance and carcass characteristics. No overt lameness was observed in any of the pigs in the experiment. However, rpST treatment, regardless of the method of administration, increased the incidence and severity of osteochondrosis and reduced glycosaminoglycan concentration in the cartilage of the weight-bearing area of humeral and femoral condyles. These changes were independent of enhanced growth rate and carcass lean content. The results indicated that somatotropin treatment predisposes pigs to osteochondrosis. Key words: Osteochondrosis, growth rate, growth hormone, joint cartilage, pigs

Growth response, economics of production, carcass characteristics and blood profile of weaner rabbits fed ensiled cassava root-leaf blends (ECRLB) as a replacement for maize

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-165
Author(s):  
A. T. Amos ◽  
A. O. Oso ◽  
O. J. Durojaiye ◽  
K. Agazue ◽  
A. O. Obanla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Blood Profile ◽  
Cassava Root ◽  
Randomized Design

In a 56-day feeding trial, an experiment was conducted to determine the effects of replacing maize with different levels of ensiled cassava root-leaf blends (ECRLB) on growth, carcass yield, blood profile and economics of production of weaner rabbits. Five experimental diets were formulated and fed to the animals; diet 1= a maize based diet (control diet), diet 2= 30% maize + 10% ECRLB, diet 3 = 20% maize + 20% ECRLB, diet 4= 10 % maize + 30% ECRLB, diet 5= 40% ECRLB. A total number of forty weaner rabbits with an initial average weight of 574.09g±20.03g were randomly allocated to the five dietary treatments in a completely randomized design (CRD) with eight animals per treatment. Data were collected on growth indices, economics of production, carcass characteristics and blood profile Increased (P<0.05) weight gain was observed as the percentage inclusion of ECRLB increased. Rabbits on diet 4 (10 % maize + 30% ECRLB) and 5 (40% ECRLB) recorded the highest (P<0.05) daily weight gain with a corresponding highest (P<0.5) final body weight. Similar FCR were recorded across the treatments Economics of production of animals on diets containing 30 and 40% ECRLB was the best (P<0.05). Carcass indices were not significantly (P>0.0) affected by the experimental diets. Rabbits fed ECRLB recorded lower (P<0.05) serum cholesterol and higher (P<0.05) serum glucose concentration compared to control. In conclusion dietary inclusion of ECRLB up to 40% improved performance and did not show any deleterious effects on all indices examined and is recommended.     Au cours d'un essai d'alimentation de 56 jours, une expérience a été menée pour déterminer les effets du remplacement du maïs par différents niveaux de mélanges racines-feuilles de manioc ensilées (le 'ECRLB) sur la croissance, le rendement de carcasses, le profil sanguin et l'économie de la production de lapins sevrés. Cinq régimes expérimentaux ont été formulés et nourris aux animaux ; régime 1= régime à base de maïs (régime de contrôle), régime 2= 30% maïs + 10% ECRLB, régime 3 = 20% maïs + 20% ECRLB, régime 4= 10% maïs + 30% ECRLB, régime 5= 40% ECRLB. Un nombre total de quarante lapins sevrés d'un poids moyen initial de 574,09 g±20,03 g ont été attribués au hasard aux cinq traitements diététiques dans une conception complètement randomisée (CRD) avec huit animaux par traitement. Des données ont été recueillies sur les indices de croissance, l'économie de la production, les caractéristiques de la carcasse et le profil sanguin. Le gain de poids accru (P<0,05) a été observé à mesure que l'inclusion en pourcentage de l'ECRLB augmentait. Les lapins de l'alimentation 4 (10 % de maïs + 30 % d'ECRLB) et 5 (40 % d'ECRLB) ont enregistré le gain de poids quotidien le plus élevé (P<0,05) avec un poids corporel final correspondant le plus élevé (P<0,5). Les 'FCR' similaires ont été enregistrés à travers les traitements Économie de la production d'animaux sur les régimes contenant 30 et 40% ECRLB a été le meilleur (P<0,05). Les Indices carcasse n'étaient pas significativement (P>0,0) affectés par les régimes expérimentaux. Les lapins nourris à l'ECRLB ont enregistré un taux de cholestérol sérique inférieur (P<0,05) et une concentration plus élevée de glucose sérique (P<0,05) par rapport au contrôle. En conclusion, l'inclusion alimentaire de l'ECRLB jusqu'à 40 % a amélioré les performances et n'a pas montré d'effets délétères sur tous les indices examinés et est recommandée.

The effect of dietary concentrations of digestible energy on the performance and carcass characteristics of early-weaned pigs

1975 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Campbell ◽  
M. R. Taverner ◽  
P. D. Mullaney
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Shoulder Joint ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility

SUMMARYFifty-four pigs weaned at 3 weeks of age were allocated at an average weight of 5·4 kg to two experiments to examine the effects of diets having digestible energy (DE) concentrations ranging from 2910 to 3940 kcal/kg.In the first experiment pig growth performance and the dry-matter digestibility of the experimental diets were measured between 3 and 8 weeks of age. The composition of the carcass at 8 weeks of age was correlated with the composition of various carcass joints.In the second experiment pig growth performance was measured over the live-weight range 5-4 to 20 kg.The findings were:1. Growth rate was linearly related to DE intake.2. The optimum DE level for maximum growth was 3640 kcal/kg.3. The efficiency of utilization of DE for growth did not vary in the first experiment but was poorest at a DE concentration of 3245 kcal/kg in the second.4. The DE content of the diet had no significant effect on carcass characteristics at 8 weeks of age in the first experiment or at 20 kg live weight in the second.5. The proportion of fat and lean in the 8-week carcass was significantly (P < 0·01) correlated with that of the shoulder joint.

scholarly journals Effects of age on intake, growth, nutrient utilization and carcass characteristics of castrated native sheep

1970 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Sultana ◽  
SMJ Hossain ◽  
SA Chowdhury ◽  
MR Hassan ◽  
M Ershaduzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Native Sheep

Twenty four castrated native sheep were grouped (six/group) into four: T1 >3 to ≤ 6; T2 > 6 to ≤ 9; T3 >9 to ≤12 and T4 >12 to ≤ 15 months. Through out the 63 days of experimental period, animals were offered ad libitum urea (3%), molasses (15%) and straw (82%) as a basal diet with concentrate mixture [14% crude protein (CP) & 11.5 MJ metabolizing energy (ME) per kg Dry Matter (DM)] @ 1% of live weight. Five days metabolic trial was conducted towards the end of the feeding trial. Besides, fortnightly live weight change, daily nutrient intake, carcass yield and carcass characteristics were studied. Daily weight gain decreased (P<0.05) with the increasing in age and the growth rate were 79, 63, 55 and 44g/day for T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively. Higher growth rate in T1 was due to animal's inherent self-accelerated phase of growth. Feed conversion ratio (FCR; kg feed/kg live weight gain) was significantly (P<0.001) better in T1 (9.2) followed by T2 (13.8), T3 (17.7) and T4 (21.7). Cost per kg of carcass production was lower in T1 (Taka: 239), but the production cost increased in T2 (Taka: 357), T3 (Taka: 440) and T4 (Taka: 515). DM intake (g/kg W0.75) decreased with the increase in age and weight. For each gram increased in live weight gain, it required 7.7 kJ ME and animals achieved zero live weight gain (maintenance energy level) at 377 kJ/kg W0.75/d ME intake. Slaughtered weight, warmed carcass weight and dressing yield (%) of native sheep increased with advancement of age. Dressing yields were 48.5, 49, 51.4 and 55.5% for T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively. Fat percent increased with increasing age and body fat as percent of live weight were 5.6, 7.7 15.5 and 20.6, respectively for the T1, T2, T3 and T4. As a part of total carcass, the proportional yield of tender loin and hind leg chump, most valued retail cut, decreased with the increased animal age. In the present trial, body weight gain at early stage (6-8 months of age) of life was more economical than at the later stage of life. It is suggests that the optimum market/slaughter age for native sheep maintained under these feeding and management would be at around eight months of age. DOI: 10.3329/bvet.v27i2.7556 Bangl. vet. 2010. Vol. 27, No. 2, 62-73

EFFECTS OF DIETHYLSTILBESTROL IMPLANTATION ON GROWTH RATE, FEED UTILIZATION, AND CARCASS TRAITS OF YORKSHIRE PIGS ON RESTRICTED FEEDING

1964 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. L. Gorrill ◽  
J. M. Bell ◽  
C. M. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
External Genitalia ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Mammary Development ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Yorkshire Pigs ◽  
Better Than

The effects of diethylstilbestrol (DES) implants on rate of gain, feed utilization, and carcass characteristics were examined. The pigs (32 gilts, 32 barrows) were studied over the weight range 110 to 200 lb and were fed rations having either 64 or 72% T.D.N. Feeding was done twice daily in individual stalls. Eight of the 16 pigs of each sex and fed each ration received single 12-mg pellets of DES subcutaneously at the base of the ear.DES implants reduced the average daily gains of barrows from 1.53 lb to 1.36 lb but had little or no effect on gilt gains. Daily feed intakes of barrows decreased from 6.0 to 5.3 lb and intakes of gilts increased from 5.0 to 5.4 lb as a result of DES. Implanted gilts digested protein better than non-implanted gilts, whereas the reverse prevailed with barrows.Carcass measurements of longissimus dorsi area and back fat depth revealed only slight effects of DES but mammary development in pigs of both sexes that were implanted resulted in economic loss through carcass trimming. Estrogen tests of lean and fat tissues by mouse assay indicated absence of DES in the carcasses. All implanted gilts exhibited pronounced development of external genitalia.

Effect of ractopamine on carcass characteristics and joint-cartilage soundness in finishing pigs

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. He ◽  
F. X. Aherne ◽  
J. R. Thompson ◽  
A. L. Schaefer ◽  
J. K. Merrill
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Uronic Acid ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Joint Cartilage ◽  
Total Fat

One hundred and fifty crossbred pigs (Camborough × Canabrid, equal numbers of gilts and barrows) at an average live weight of 64.2 kg were randomly assigned to diets containing 17 or 20% crude protein (with 0.8 or 1.1% lysine, respectively) and 0 or 20 ppm ractopamine. Pigs were slaughtered at an average live weight of 102.2 kg. Supplementation of ractopamine in pig diets significantly increased average daily gain (P < 0.005) and decreased feed to gain ratio (P < 0.001), with no effect on daily feed intake. Ractopamine feeding increased total lean (P < 0.001) and decreased total bone (P < 0.05) and total fat content (P < 0.001) of carcasses. The decreased fat content was largely due to the reduction of subcutaneous fat (P < 0.001). Cartilage visual scores and cartilage uronic acid concentrations of weight-bearing areas of humeral and femoral condyles were not affected by feeding ractopamine. Correlations between visual scores and uronic acid concentrations of joint cartilage and performance parameters and carcass characteristics were not significant. These results demonstrated that feeding ractopamine can increase pig growth rate and carcass leanness without detrimental effect on joint cartilage. Key words: Ractopamine, growth rate, uronic acid, cartilage, osteochondrosis, pigs

The effect of daily injections of prolonged-release implants of recombinant porcine somatotropin on behaviour in market-weight pigs

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-395
Author(s):  
A. L. Schaefer ◽  
S. D. M. Jones ◽  
A. K. W. Tong ◽  
A. M. B. De Passillé ◽  
J. Rushen
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Animal Behaviour ◽  
Daily Injection ◽  
Prolonged Release ◽  
Frequency Data ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Porcine Somatotropin ◽  
Yorkshire Pigs ◽  
Ad Libitum

Animal behaviour frequency data were collected on 92 ad libitum fed Yorkshire pigs (96 kg) allocated to one of three recominant porcine somatotropin (rpST) treatment groups (36 prolonged-release rpST implants at 2 mg d−1 pig−1, 40 daily injection rpST pigs at 2 mg d−1, and 16 control or sham-injected pigs). From time-lapse recordings of animal behaviour, ethogram analysis revealed that of the 10 behaviours studied, investigative behaviour, was the only trait affected by rpST treatment, with the daily injected pigs showing a slightly lowered percentage of time (P < 0.05) spent investigating their pen (7.3% d−1 vs. 13.6% d−1 in control and 10.1% d−1 in prolonged-release treatment group). Key words: Behaviour, porcine somatotropin, pigs

Pengaruh Penambahan Bungkil Kedelai terhadap Konsumsi Pakan, Pertambahan Bobot Badan Harian, dan Konversi Pakan pada Sapi Peranakan Simmental

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rico Rico ◽  
Novi Eka Wati ◽  
Adisti Rastosari
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
T Test ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Protein Consumption ◽  
Simmental Cattle

The objective of the researh was to study the effect of additions soybean meal in ration on the feed consumption, daily weight gain and feed convertion in Simmental cattle. The experiment used eight male Simmental cattle around 2 years old with an average weight of 198,65 ± 14,57 kilograms. The cattle kept for 35 days and given rations P0 (rations ranchers) and P1 (rations plus soybean meal). Data was obtained, then analyzed using independent sample t-test assisted with SPSS version 17.00 software. The result showed that the addition of soybean meal did not affect on dry matter consumption, daily weight gain, and feed convertion but, the crude protein consumption was increased. Keywords: dry matter consumption, daily weight gain, feed convertion

scholarly journals Effect of monensin sodium associative to virginiamycin and/or essential oils on the performance of feedlot finished steers

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 261
Author(s):  
Julio Cezar Heker Junior ◽  
Mikael Neumann ◽  
Robson Kyoshi Ueno ◽  
Margarete Kimie Falbo ◽  
Sandra Galbeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Fat Thickness

The objective of this study was to evaluate the associative effect of monensin sodium to virginiamycin and/or essential oils on performance, consumption of nutrients and dry matter, apparent digestibility, feeding behavior and carcass characteristics of feedlot finished steers. The experiment lasted 106 days with 10 days of adaptation and 96-day trial, and had 32 crosses angus steers, average age 12 months and average weight of 376 kg, divided into 16 stalls, the weighing took place every 21 days and at the end of the experiment. The treatments consisted of the combination of the following additives to the diet included: Monensin sodium, 200 mg day-1 (MO); Monensin sodium, a dose of 200 mg day-1 + essential oil dose of 1.5g day-1 (MO+EO); Monensin sodium, a dose of 200 mg day-1 + virginiamycin, 200 mg day-1 (MO+VI); Monensin sodium, 200 mg day-1 + essential oil dose of 1.5g day-1 + virginiamycin day, 200 mg day-1 (MO+EO+VI), each treatment had four repetitions, where each repetitions consisted of a bay with two animals. The MO+VI association in relation to MO only increase in average daily gain (ADG) of 24.44%, 22.35%, 21.10% and 17.31% in weighing 42, 63, 84 and 96 days, similar the combination of MO+EO+VI which provided an improvement of 21.94%, 13.59%, 15.45% and 14.75% respectively in the same weightings. The daily carcass gain and carcass overall gain were higher in associations MO+VI and MO+EO+VI and provided an average gain of 16.67 kg more compared to MO and MO+EO. In the parameters feed efficiency, dry matter intake and nutrient expressed in kg day-1 and percentage of live weight were not observed differences (P > 0.05) between treatments. Data on apparent digestibility, feeding behavior and carcass characteristics did not show statistical difference between treatment, except for fat thickness which was higher when associated with any of the additives to the MO, and farm weight was higher in associations containing VI. Associating MO+VI or MO+EO+VI proved to be best in this work compared to MO+EO or only MO in the diets of steers in termination.

Foot reconstruction in weight bearing area

1993 ◽  
Vol 16 (4-5) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Roggero ◽  
Y. Blanc ◽  
S. Krupp
Keyword(s):  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Foot Reconstruction ◽  
Weight Bearing Area
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