scholarly journals INGREDIENT AND PROCESSING INTERRELATIONSHIPS IN SWINE FEEDS: IV. EFFECTS OF VARIOUS LEVELS AND KINDS OF FIBROUS DILUENTS IN FINISHER RATIONS, FED AS MEAL OR PELLETS, ON PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS QUALITY OF SWINE

1962 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Troelsen ◽  
J. M. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Oat Hulls ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Corn Cobs ◽  
Meat Meal ◽  
Yorkshire Pigs ◽  
Alfalfa Meal

A feeding experiment, of 2 × 2 × 3 × 5 factorial design (two sexes, pellets versus meal, three levels of fiber and five sources of fiber) involving 60 gilts and 60 barrows, weighing initially 100 ± 5 pounds, and individually fed to 200 ± 5 pounds, was carried out. The basal ration was composed of equal parts wheat and barley with soybean oil meal and meat meal as the protein supplement. This ration was diluted with three levels each of oat hulls, alfalfa meal, wheat bran, cellulose and ground corn cobs so as to obtain estimated T.D.N. levels in the ration of 62, 65 and 68 per cent. All rations were supplemented with vitamins and minerals. Each ration was fed as meal and as 3/16-inch pellets. Feed was allowed during two 1-hour periods daily and was, therefore, partially restricted.A Cr2O3-marker digestibility study was carried out in mid-test and the carcasses were assessed following slaughter.Daily feed intakes varied, depending on the diluent used, thus revealing that factors other than T.D.N. levels per se influence feed consumption by pigs self-fed rations balanced in other respects. The net effect on digestible energy intake was interpreted for each type of diluent in relation to the attainment of desirable rates of gain and carcass quality of Yorkshire pigs. Digestible energy intakes per day decreased by 43, 43, 36, 56 and 92 kcal. for each 1 per cent increase in the amount of oat hulls, alfalfa meal, wheat bran, cellulose or corn cobs, respectively.Pelleting was found to increase digestible energy intakes by 10 to 15 per cent, mainly as a result of improved digestibility of energy components.

Single cereal diets for bacon pigs 1. The effects of diets based on barley, wheat, maize meal, flaked maize or sorghum on performance and carcass characteristics

1969 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. A. Cole ◽  
E. G. Clent ◽  
J. R. Luscombe
Keyword(s):  
Energy Content ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Maize Meal ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Amino Acid Balance

SUMMARYTwo experiments were carried out to compare the performance and carcass quality of pigs given diets based on barley, wheat or maize meal, and another two experiments comparing these cereals, flaked maize and sorghum. In general, differences in the utilization of feed for live-weight gain could be related to differences in the digestible energy content of the cereals used in the diet, although in some experiments pigs behaved atypically on individual diets. Flaked maize was consistently inferior to the other cereals in the efficiency of conversion of its digestible energy, possibly because of its poorer amino acid balance and its low levels of lysine and tryptophan in relation to energy. Differences between experiments in the performance of pigs fed on the various diets are also discussed. Differences between treatments in killing-out percentage and predicted lean percentage were small, and carcasses of pigs from all treatments were acceptable for bacon curing.

A nutritional evaluation of diets containing meat meal for growing pigs. 7. The value of meat meal as a potein supplement to barley, oats, sorghum and wheat based diets

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (46) ◽  
pp. 539 ◽  
Author(s):  
ES Batterham ◽  
MB Manson
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Nutritional Evaluation ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Meat Meal

The comparative value of meat meal as a protein supplement to barley, oats, sorghum, and wheat-based diets was investigated for pigs during the 18-45 kg growth phase. Diets were offered at the rate of 129 kcal digestible energy and 7 g crude protein per kg liveweight per day. Two methods of estimating digestible energy in the diets were also examined. The major differences recorded (Pt0.05) were : Growth rates-Wheat barley and sorghum, oats and barley sorghum. Feed conversion ratios-Wheat barley: oats and sorghum. Protein efficiency ratios-Wheat and oats barley sorghum. Lean in ham-Oats and barley sorghum and wheat. When the magnitude of all differences was considered the results indicated that the protein quality of the sorghum-meat meal diet was lower than that of the other three diets. The correlation between digestible energy values estimated by two methods (energy in feed X dry matter digestibility) and (energy in feed-energy in faeces/feed intake) was significant (r = 0.98)

A COMPARISON OF FIBROUS FEEDSTUFFS IN NON-RUMINANT RATIONS: EFFECTS ON GROWTH RESPONSES, DIGESTIBILITY, RATES OF PASSAGE AND INGESTA VOLUME

1960 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Energy Fraction ◽  
Oat Hulls ◽  
Corn Cobs ◽  
Beet Pulp

Wheat bran, wheat straw, alfalfa, oat hulls, beet pulp, corn cobs and cellulose were added to basal diets at levels; of 8, 16, 24 and 32 per cent and, in a second experiment, at six levels of digestible energy to permit approximately isocaloric comparisons in the range of 2.2 to 3.4 digestible kilocalories per gram of feed dry matter. All diets were designed to be nutritionally adequate on the basis of nutrient content per unit weight of diet. Weanling mice were fed the diets during 14-day growth tests.Digestibility coefficients for the energy fraction were obtained: bran 42; wheat straw 0; alfalfa 37; oat hulls 10; beet pulp 41; corn cobs 14, and cellulose 0 per cent. Estimations of the digestibility of the basal ration by regression methods indicated associative effects, with corn cobs depressing basal digestibility from 89 to 85 per cent and beet pulp, alfalfa and oat hulls depressing it to about 86 per cent.Varied responses were obtained to isocaloric diets depending on the bulk source. For example, on diets containing 2.2–2.4 digestible Calories/gm., mice fed diets containing wheat straw often failed to survive, those fed diets containing beet pulp or cellulose did poorly, but gains of 70 per cent of normal were obtained when wheat bran or oat hulls was the diluent.Relative rates of passage of ingesta were computed by a method involving consideration of feed intakes, energy digestibility, maintenance requirements and weight gains over a fixed period. Bran rations had the highest passage rates; wheat straw, alfalfa and beet pulp the lowest. In vitro measurements indicated that the latter feeds were least capable of swelling in water and presumably occupied less space in the stomach. However, wheat straw and alfalfa tended to retain their physical characteristics throughout digestion.The results of these experiments emphasize the complexity and the importance in non-ruminant nutrition of the fibrous or bulk components of the ration as they influence available energy, feed intake, volume of ingesta at various levels in the gastrointestinal tract, rate of passage and microbial activity.

INFLUENCE OF ENERGY AND PROTEIN LEVEL IN RATIONS FOR FINISHING MARKET PIGS ON PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS

1964 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Waldern
Keyword(s):  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Feeding Experiment ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Yorkshire Pigs ◽  
Lower Record ◽  
High Level

Ninety-six Yorkshire pigs, reared during the growing period on high energy–high protein rations, were used in a 2 × 2 factorial feeding experiment to compare two levels of protein at two levels of energy in self-fed finishing rations. Pigs fed a high energy ration gained 0.34 lb more per day, consumed less feed, had more loin and back fat, lower Record of Performance (R.O.P.) scores, and received lower commercial grades than those fed the lower energy ration. The level of protein fed did not affect significantly, rate of gain, feed utilization, or carcass quality. An interaction existed between protein and energy whereby the adverse effects on carcass quality of the high level of energy were modified by the high level of protein with the result that average loin area was increased and a higher R.O.P. score and a higher percentage of grade A carcasses was obtained.

scholarly journals CHLORTETRACYCLINE AND PROTEIN LEVEL IN RATIONS FOR MARKET HOGS: II. EFFECT ON CARCASS QUALITY

1959 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. Beacom
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
High Protein Content ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Yorkshire Pigs ◽  
Four Levels

Three trials, with a total of 20 pigs on each of eight treatments, were conducted to determine the effect, on carcass quality of Yorkshire pigs, of self-feeding rations of low, medium, standard, and high protein content, with and without chlortetracycline (aureomycin), from weaning to market weight. The approximate protein levels were 13, 15, 17, and 19 per cent from weaning to 70 lb.; 12, 13.5, 14.5, and 15.5 per cent from 70 to 130 lb.; and 11, 12, 12.5, and 13 per cent from 130 to 200 lb.Aureomycin had no significant effect on length of carcass, or on the area of the eye of lean, at any of the four levels of protein tested. Aureomycin significantly increased the depth of backfat, but not shoulder or loin fat, at all protein levels. With the type of pigs used this increase did not have any adverse effect on grades.Protein level had no significant effect on length of carcass, depth of shoulder fat, or depth of backfat. As protein level increased, increases in the area of the eye of lean occurred.

A note on the growth and carcass quality of Makui and Moghani lambs on different diets

1977 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Nik-Khah ◽  
R. Assadi-Moghaddam
Keyword(s):  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Alfalfa Meal ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Different Levels

SUMMARYThe effects of three diets on the performance and carcass quality of lambs of the Makui and Moghani breeds of sheep were studied. Thirty-two Makui and 33 Moghani lambs, 6 to 7 mo of age, were kept on feedlots and given three diets for 77 days. The diets each contained a barley, alfalfa meal and corn silage base plus different levels of urea, molasses and dried beet pulp.The average daily live-weight gains (ADG) of lambs fed on diets I (no urea), II (0·8% urea) and III (1·4% urea) were 218, 208 and 204 g respectively, while feed conversion ratios (FCR) were 6·3, 6·6 and 6·8 respectively. The overall ADG for Makui and Moghani lambs were 213·6 and 206·6 g respectively and the FCR were 6·4 and 6·9 respectively. None of these differences was statistically significant. The mean dressing percentages of lambs fed on diets I, II and III were 52·5, 52·7 and 53·9 respectively, and those of Makui (53·1) and Moghani lambs (53·3) were similar. There were only minor differences between the carcass characteristics of the two breeds and these were not influenced by the different diets.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF SEX ON THE RESPONSE OF SELF-FED PIGS TO RATION DILUTION DURING THE FINISHING PERIOD

1964 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. Beacom
Keyword(s):  
Oat Hulls ◽  
Yorkshire Pigs ◽  
Alfalfa Meal ◽  
Basal Ration

Two replicated experiments, involving 256 Yorkshire pigs, were conducted to determine the response of barrows and gilts to dilution of finishing rations. In the first experiment an oat–barley basal ration was diluted with 10% increments of a mixture of alfalfa meal and ground oat hulls. In the second, a wheat–barley basal ration was diluted with 15% increments of each of two diluents, an alfalfa meal – oat hull mixture and ground oat hulls alone.In both experiments, rate of gain of barrows was more adversely affected than that of gilts as the level of ration dilution increased. Dilution of the oat–barley basal ration at the 50% level reduced daily gains of gilts and barrows by 26 and 44% respectively. When the wheat–barley basal ration was diluted with 45% of the mixed diluent, daily gains of gilts were improved slightly while those of the barrows were reduced by 15%. When the oat hull diluent was used at the 45% level, daily gains of gilts and barrows were reduced by 4 and 18% respectively when compared with controls fed no diluent.The alfalfa meal – oat hull diluent, added to the wheat–barley ration, increased the proportion of A grades in barrows and gilts; when added to the oat–barley ration the only improvement occurred with barrows. The oat hull diluent had little effect on carcass grades.

Impact of pure fumonisin B1 on various metabolic parameters and carcass quality of growing-finishing swine — preliminary findings

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Rotter ◽  
D. B. Prelusky ◽  
A. Fortin ◽  
J. D. Miller ◽  
M. E. Savard
Keyword(s):  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Fumonisin B1 ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
High Standard ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
High Standard Deviation ◽  
Elevated Cholesterol ◽  
The Impact

Mycotoxin fumonisin B1 (FB1) is a common contaminant of corn and a causative agent of different animal and human diseases. An experiment was conducted to assess the impact of pure FB1 on carcass quality of growing-finishing swine. Pigs were fed diets containing 0, 0.11, 0.33 and 1.0 mg FB1 kg−1 (ppm) until market weight. Although performance characteristics were not different among the respective treatments, an increase in feed consumption variability was observed between weeks 3 and 9 for the 1 ppm FB1 fed pigs as compared with controls. The same animals showed an increased variability in carcass characteristics, in particular in the fat content of loin and ham. The estimated lean yield tended to decrease with increasing dose, but a high standard deviation abolished treatment differences. An elevated cholesterol value at the end of the experiment for the 1 ppm FB1 fed pigs suggested a disruption of lipid metabolism. No other significant (P > 0.06) changes were observed. We conclude that a diet containing 1 ppm FB1 could have a detrimental effect on the carcass quality of a market pig and be a source of a monetary loss to the producer. Key words: Mycotoxin fumonisin B1, swine, carcass

scholarly journals Kinerja Produksi dan Kualitas Karkas Itik yang Diberi Ransum Mengandung Ampas Sagu

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Sylvia Ch. H. Hehanussa ◽  
Tabita N Ralahalu ◽  
Christine C E Latupeirissa
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Sago Waste

The aim of the study was to determine the effect sago waste in the rations on performance and carcass quality of duck as meat producer. The treatments of this experiment were R0 (0% sago waste/control diet), R1 (5% sago waste), R2 (10% sago waste), and R3 (15% sago waste). The experimental died contained 16% crude protein and 2900 kcal /kg metabolizable energy. Ducks used in this experiment was 6 weeks old male of ducks Mojosari and Pekin cross breed. The research design use was a complete Randomized Design using 4 feeding treatment, 5 replications, and 3 ducks per replication pens. The parameters measured were: feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion, carcass weight, carcass percentage and abdominal fat percentage. The results showed that the used of sago waste had no significant effect on feed consumption, weight gain, feed conversion, carcass weight, carcass and abdominal fat percentage. It can be concluded that used of sago waste up to 20% has no negative effects on performance and carcass quality of ducks. Keywords: abdominal fat, carcass quality, duck, sago waste   ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh penggunaan ampas sagu dalam ransum terhadap kinerja produksi dan kualitas karkas itik sebagai penghasil daging. Perlakuan pakan yang dicobakan dalam penelitian ini adalah R0 (tanpa ampas sagu), R1 (ampas sagu 5%), R2 (ampas sagu 10%), dan R3 (ampas sagu 15%). Ransum disusun mengandung protein kasar 16% dan energi metabolis 2900 kkal/kg. Itik yang digunakan adalah itik jantan persilangan Mojosari dan Pekin berumur 6 minggu. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap pola searah dengan 4 perlakuan pakan dengan 5 ulangan, dan 3 ekor itik untuk tiap ulangan. Parameter yang diamati adalah: konsumsi ransum, pertambahan berat badan, konversi ransum, berat karkas, persentase karkas dan persentase lemak abdominal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan ampas sagu tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap konsumsi ransum, pertambahan bobot badan, konversi ransum, berat karkas, persentase karkas dan lemak abdominal. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan ampas sagu sampai taraf 20% tidak berpengaruh negatif terhadap kinerja produksi dan kualitas karkas itik. Kata kunci: ampas sagu, itik, kualitas karkas, lemak abdominal

Nutrition of the bacon pig: IV. The influence on growth, conformation and carcass quality of including meat meals of widely-differing fat content in the rations of bacon pigs

1939 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 502-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. E. Woodman ◽  
R. E. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Oil Content ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
The Body ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Degree Of Unsaturation ◽  
Meat Meal ◽  
Growing Pig ◽  
The Cost

The amount of oil in the diet and its degree of unsaturation are known to exert an important effect on the nature of the fat deposited in the body of the growing pig, foods of high oil content tending to give rise to bacon carcasses containing fat of an undesirably soft and unsaturated character. For this reason, authorities on pig nutrition are agreed on the desirability of excluding from the dietary of the bacon pig all foods containing more than a small percentage of oil. It has been stated that, in order to avoid the danger of producing carcasses with soft fat, the meal ration of the fattening pig should be made up so as to contain no more than about 3% of oil.This prejudice against the use of feeding stuffs rich in oil has been transferred, somewhat unquestioningly perhaps, to feeding stuffs rich in fat. Feeding meat meal, for example, contains normally from 8 to 10 % of fat, and manufacturers complain of the difficulty of securing sales of this product for pig-feeding on account of the view generally held that its high fat content would occasion the production of soft fat in the resultant bacon or a carcass with an excessive amount of fat. To meet this prejudice, therefore, the meat meal as ordinarily produced is frequently submitted to a process of de-greasing with petroleum benzine at about 200° F. so as to give a meat meal containing about 3% of fat. This procedure, however, not only adds to the cost of the manufacture of meat meal, but may actually lead to a distinct lowering of the digestibility of the product (Woodman & Evans, 1937).

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