Nitrogen metabolism in beef steers fed gamagrass or orchardgrass hay with or without a supplement

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Magee ◽  
M. H. Poore ◽  
J. C. Burns ◽  
G. B. Huntington
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
N Metabolism ◽  
Ad Libitum

A 50:50 soybean hull:corn grain supplement fed at 0.75% of body weight (BW) decreased ad libitum gamagrass or orchardgrass hay intake by steers, but increased total dry matter (DM) intake, DM digestibility, N intake, and N retained. Supplementation had a greater effect on N metabolism in steers fed orchardgrass than steers fed gamagrass. Key words: Steers, beef, hulls, soybean, metabolism, nitrogen

scholarly journals PERFORMANCE OF BEEF STEERS FED GRASS SILAGE WITH OR WITHOUT SUPPLEMENTS OF SOYBEAN MEAL, FISH MEAL AND BARLEY

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 313-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. VEIRA ◽  
J. G. PROULX ◽  
J. R. SEOANE
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Weight Protein

Forty crossbred beef steers were used in a 112-d experiment to study the effect of fish meal (FM, 300 g d−1), soybean meal (SBM, 320 g d−1), barley (B, 2 kg d−1) and B plus FM (2 kg + 300 g d−1) supplementation of grass silage on the performance of growing cattle. The growth rate of steers fed silage was 0.83 kg d−1 and this was increased by 0.15, 0.12, 0.27 and 0.36 kg d−1 by supplements of FM, SBM, B and B + FM. Silage dry matter (DM) intake averaged 2.13% of body weight. Protein supplementation had no effect on silage intake. B and B + FM supplementation increased total DM intake (P < 0.01), but decreased silage consumption by 14% (P < 0.05). Key words: Cattle, grass silage, soybean meal, barley, growth, fish meal

UTILIZATION OF GRASS SILAGE BY CATTLE: EFFECT OF BARLEY AND FISHMEAL SUPPLEMENTS

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 897-903 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. VEIRA ◽  
M. IVAN ◽  
G. BUTLER ◽  
J. G. PROULX
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Large Reduction ◽  
High Nitrogen Content ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Ad Libitum

Following weaning at 6–7 mo of age, 36 beef steers were used to determine production responses when grass silage was supplemented with barley or fishmeal. The silage was made from direct-cut, formic- acid-treated grass harvested from a mixed sward and had a high nitrogen content but poor fermentation characteristics. The silage was fed ad libitum for 98 days either alone or supplemented with 500 g fishmeal or 500 g barley per day. Both fishmeal and barley increased total dry matter intake (P < 0.01) by an amount equivalent to the quantity of supplement offered but had no effect on silage intake (P > 0.05). Steers fed the fishmeal grew substantially faster than either the barley (0.53 kg/day) or unsupplemented (0.54 kg/day) groups (P < 0.01). Fishmeal supplementation resulted in a large reduction (35%) in the amount of feed required per kilogram of gain. Key words: Cattle, grass silage, fishmeal, growth

scholarly journals Effect of Cow Nutrition in the Far-off Period on Colostrum Quality and Immune Response of Calves

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-246
Author(s):  
Włodzimierz Nowak ◽  
Robert Mikuła ◽  
Małgorzata Kasprowicz-Potocka ◽  
Marta Ignatowicz ◽  
Andrzej Zachwieja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract The aim of the study was to determine the effect of the limitation of energy intake by restrictive dry matter intake in the faroff part (from -56 d to -22 d) of dry period on the colostrum quality and the calf immunological status. Thirty-eight Polish Holstein- Friesian Black and White multiparous cows and their calves were randomly allotted to one of the two dietary treatments in the far-off period. In group ADLIB, diet was offered ad libitum (2.0% body weight), while in group REST, dry matter intake was restricted to 1.5% of body weight. Lowered feed intake in the far-off period did not have a statistically significant influence on the quality of colostrum. On the 3rd d of calves’ life, serum concentrations of immunoglobulins, albumins, globulins, total protein, and IGF-1 were not affected by treatments of dam in the far-off period. The concentrations of total Ig and G and A immunoglobulins of 21-day-old calves from cows fed ad libitum during the far-off period was found to be significantly lower compared to REST group. No significant differences in birth weight and growth rate during the first 21 d of life were found. Limiting maternal diet in far-off period did not affect negatively colostrum quality and calves` immune response during early stages of their life.

THE EFFECTS OF NITROGEN FERTILIZER APPLICATION RATES TO GRASS ON FORAGE YIELDS, BODY WEIGHT GAINS, FEED UTILIZATION, AND VITAMIN A STATUS OF STEERS

1966 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. T. Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Liver Vitamin

The dry matter yield of grass forage was increased linearly with nitrogen fertilizer levels of zero, 56, and 112 kg per hectare applied annually in the spring of 1961, 1962, and 1963. Nitrogen levels had little effect on the nutritive value of mature grass forage as indicated by voluntary dry matter intake and body weight gains of beef steers. The apparent digestibility of crude protein increased and that of dry matter and nitrogen-free extract decreased linearly with increasing nitrogen fertilizer rates. Digestibility of crude fiber and ether extract were not altered significantly by nitrogen levels. Forage-carotenes sustained relatively high liver vitamin A levels over a 100-day feeding period. Nitrogen levels had little effect on the rate of liver vitamin A depletion.

Long- and short-term effects on intake of pelleting a roughage for sheep

1974 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. D. Greenhalgh ◽  
G. W. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Short Term ◽  
05 C ◽  
Digestive Organs ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Chopped Grass

SUMMARY1. Four groups of eight castrated male lambs, weighing initially about 37 kg, were fed ad libitum for 18 weeks on: C, chopped dried grass throughout; P, pelleted grass throughout; C/P (or P/C), the two forms alternated every 3 weeks; or C + P, both forms on offer.2. Daily dry-matter intake (g/kg W0·75) was 58·2 for treatment C and 814 for treatment P; thus the long-term difference in intake was 40%. However, in the alternated sheep, dry-matter intake was 53·6 g/kg W0·75 for chopped grass and 86·5 g for pelleted; this short-term difference (61%) was significantly greater than the long-term difference. Dry-matter intake for treatment C+P was 84·9 g/kg W0·75; after the first week, chopped grass comprised only 10% of this. Dry-matter digestibility coefficients (%) were: C, 740; P, 61·4 and C+P, 62·0.3. The sheep were killed in week 19 and the dimensions of digestive organs and their contents were adjusted to an animal of 50 kg empty body weight. The weight of the reticulo-rumen was greater for C (1·30 kg) than for P (0·94) or C+ P (1·05), C/P and P/C being inter-mediate (1·15). The water-filled volume of the rumen was proportional to weight, except that C/P (alternated sheep finishing on pelleted grass) had low volumes. Reticulo-rumen fill was greater for C (7·28 kg) than for P (3·97) or C+ P (4·53), P/C (5·90) and C/P (4·34) being intermediate. There were no other significant differences in organs or contents.4. Gains in empty-body weight (g/day) were: C, 112; P, 181; C/P and P/C, 126; C + P, 195.

Compensatory growth in immature sheep: I. The effects of weight loss and realimentation on the whole body composition

1975 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. Drew ◽  
J. T. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Good Predictor ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Body Water ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Ad Libitum

SUMMARYForty-eight cross-bred wether lambs were used to measure the effects of severe feed restriction and realimentation on the body and carcass composition of immature sheep. Ten of the total number of sheep were used as an initial slaughter group, 12 were continuously fed (six at the ad libitum level of intake and six at 70% ad libitum), 26 were progressively underfed and 18 of them were realimented after a mean loss of about 25% empty body weight (EBW).Shrunk body weight (SBW = weight after an 18-h fast with access to water) was a good predictor of empty body weight (EBW = SBW minus gastro-intestinal contents) and the EBW of continuously growing sheep was a good predictor of body water, protein, fat, energy and ash, but it was not precise after realimentation, particularly in the early stages of refeeding. Restricted continuous supermaintenance feeding did not alter the body composition of the sheep from that of the sheep on the ad libitum intake at any given EBW except slightly to increase the carcass protein content.Although underfeeding to produce an EBW loss of 25% generally produced changes in the chemical body components which were similar to a reversal of normal growth, body fat did not decrease during the first half of the submaintenance feeding and did not increase during the first 2 weeks of realimentation. Under all circumstances percentage body fat was very closely related to percentage body water.Sheep realimented at 26 kg (after losing 25% EBW) contained, at 45 kg EBW, more bodywater and protein and less fat and energy than continuously-fed animals of the same EBW. The treatment effects were greater in the carcass and had little effect on the non-carcass EBW, with th e result that the refed sheep had 1800 g more water × protein in a carcass that weighed 700 g more than one from a normally grown sheep of the same EBW. The regression of calorific value of th e ash-free dry matter on body fat as a percentage of ash-free dry matter gave calorific values of body protein and fat as 5·652 and 9·342 kcal/g of ash-free dry matter, respectively.

Influence of feeding intensity on the growth, body composition and sexual maturity of male New Zealand White rabbits

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kinga Fodor ◽  
L. Zöldág ◽  
S. Gy. Fekete ◽  
A. Bersényi ◽  
A. Gáspárdy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
The Body ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Feeding Intensity ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Average Body

An experiment was carried out with young male New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits to establish live body weight changes, body measurements, body composition and sexual maturity as a function of feeding intensity. Animals in Group 1 ('AL', n = 10) were fed ad libitum, while those in Group 2 ('RS', n = 10) received restricted feeding corresponding to 70% of the ad libitum level. The starting liveweights were practically the same (0.907 ± 0.146 and 0.911 ± 0.147 kg in Group AL and Group RS, respectively). The feeding trial lasted from 6 to 22 weeks of age. The average body weight was significantly higher in Group AL from 7 to 22 weeks of age. At 22 weeks of age the body weight of RS rabbits was 85.64% of the weight of AL animals (3.22 ± 0.52 kg and 3.76 ± 0.33 kg, respectively). Average body weights of RS males at 8, 9, 11, 19 and 21 weeks of age were similar to those of ad libitum fed (AL) animals at 7, 8, 10, 15 and 16 weeks of age, respectively. The growth of bucks fed restricted tended to be allometric. The most significant difference was found at 16 and 18 weeks of age, while the lowest difference occurred at 6, 12, 15 and 19 weeks of age. It can be stated that low-intensity feeding up to slaughtering weight causes backwardness in rear cannon length and this backwardness remains also after the 15th week, which is well over the optimal slaughtering age. Based on the present data, the 70% restricted feeding cannot be recommended either for the future breeding bucks or for broiler males reared for slaughter. To determine the major chemical components of the body, rabbits were euthanised. Original dry matter and crude fat content of the body significantly (P < 0.05) decreased under restricted feeding (41.42%; 32.48% and 16.73%; 7.35%) while the percentage of protein within the dry matter increased (49.6%; 65.0%) and fat decreased (40.17%; 22.1%) significantly. Libido unambiguously decreases as a consequence of feed deprivation. The most conspicuous difference was found in the level of blood testosterone. Although a few RS bucks produced semen but only much later than the rabbits fed ad libitum. On the other hand, there was no difference in the motility of spermatozoa and ejaculate volume in comparison with AL animals. There was no relationship between the body fat content and the reproductive status of bucks in the present trial.

INFLUENCE OF GROWTH AND ANABOLIC COMPOUNDS ON COLLAGEN METABOLISM IN GROWING BEEF STEERS

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 515-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. GOPINATH ◽  
W. D. KITTS
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Collagen Metabolism ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Collagen Turnover ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
All Treatment

Urinary excretion of hydroxyproline (HYPRO) was used to monitor collagen metabolism 28, 42, 56 and 63 days after treatment of growing steers with implants containing zeranol, DES or Synovex-S. Whereas body weight increased progressively HYPRO excretion decreased in all treatment groups and untreated controls. Treatment with DES increased HYPRO excretion over that of other treatments. These results suggest changes in collagen turnover of steers during growth to maturity. Key words: Hydroxyproline, collagen metabolism, anabolic compounds, steers

EFFECT OF TWO ACIDS AND FORMALIN IN CALVES MILK ON FEED CONSUMPTION AND PERFORMANCE

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1129-1131 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. BUSH ◽  
J. W. G. NICHOLSON
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
And Performance

Calves fed ad libitum whole milk plus formic acid, propionic acid or formalin consumed less than calves fed untreated milk and grew comparably slower. At weaning the control group was consuming up to 25% of their body weight in milk daily without significant scouring. Key words: Acidification, milk, calves

STUDIES ON THE FEEDING VALUE OF Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad. HAY FOR BEEF CATTLE

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 735-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. H. COHEN ◽  
A. D. IWAASA ◽  
M. E. MANN ◽  
E. COXWORTH ◽  
J. A. KERNAN
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Bromus Inermis ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Kochia Scoparia ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

Intake, digestibility, nitrogen retention and the effects of 2.6% soluble oxalates in the dry matter (DM) of kochia (Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad.) were examined when beef steers were fed rations varying from 100 to 0% kochia hay and 100 - 0% bromegrass (Bromus inermis Lyess.)/alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) hay. Plasma Ca, P, Mg, Zn, Fe and Cu concentrations were normal and not affected by supplementation with CaCO3. The organic matter digestibility (OMD) of kochia (55.4%) was less (P < 0.05) than that of the bromegrass/alfalfa hay (61.3%). However, in a second trial, OMD was not influenced if kochia was included at up to 60% of the ration. In a third trial, DM intake remained constant until 60% kochia was present in the ration but was reduced (P < 0.01), even with careful adaptation, when kochia exceeded 60% of the diet. Nitrogen retention declined (P < 0.05) as the proportion of kochia in the ration increased and was negligible at 100% kochia. Key words: Kochia, digestibility, intake, nitrogen retention, plasma minerals, cattle (beef)

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