scholarly journals Estimation of faecal output, digestibility, and intake using a controlled release capsule of alkanes in early and late lactation dairy cows fed two levels of concentrate

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Ouellet ◽  
H. V. Petit ◽  
D. M. Veira ◽  
E. Charmley
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Faecal Output ◽  
Lactation Stage ◽  
Using Data

Thirty-two dairy cows (663 ± 70; kg of BW ± SD) were allotted to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments to evaluate the controlled release alkane capsule (CRC; C32 and C36) to estimate digestibility and dry matter (DM) intake in early and late lactation for diets based on low (LC, 30%) or high (HC, 60%) proportions of concentrate. Cows were dosed orally with a CRC into the rumen and digestibility was measured by total collection and estimated from the ratios of alkanes in the diet and faeces. Recoveries of endogenous (C31 and C33) and exogenous (C32 and C36) alkanes were higher and lower, respectively, for LC compared with HC. The effects of diet and the interaction between diet and lactation stage were well estimated (P < 0.05) when measured released rates of C32 and C36 were used to estimate DM digestibility although estimation with both alkanes indicated an effect of lactation stage, which was not observed when using data of measured DM digestibility. The faecal ratio of C31/C32 or C33/C32 showed no diet effect on DM intake estimation while measured DM intake was 22.6% higher for cows fed HC than for those fed LC. In conclusion, estimation of DM intake was inadequate although digestibility of DM was estimated from alkanes contained in the CRC. Key words: Dairy cows, alkane, intake

EFFECT OF SELENIUM SUPPLEMENTATION ON COPPER METABOLISM IN DAIRY COWS

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 1009-1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. T. BUCKLEY ◽  
S. N. HUCKIN ◽  
L. J. FISHER ◽  
G. K. EIGENDORF
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Copper Metabolism ◽  
Selenium Supplementation ◽  
Holstein Cows

Eight Holstein cows were fed a diet supplemented with selenium at a subtoxic level (2.37 mg kg−1 dry matter), or the same diet without selenium supplementation (0.31 mg kg−1 dry matter), for 276 d of lactation. Copper-65, a stable isotope, was administered intravenously after 14 d of adaptation to the diets, and samples of milk, blood and liver were obtained at intervals throughout the trial. The effect of selenium supplementation on copper metabolism of the cows was evaluated by determining concentrations of copper in plasma, milk and liver, by determining the activities of ferroxidase in plasma and superoxide dismutase in erythrocytes and by determining the pattern of dilution of the copper-65 tracer in plasma, milk and liver. No effect of selenium supplementation on any of the parameters of copper metabolism was observed. It was concluded that an interaction between copper and selenium did not occur under the conditions imposed in this study. Key words: Copper, selenium, interaction, dairy cows, copper stable isotope

MEASUREMENT OF DUODENAL FLOW IN DAIRY COWS BY EITHER TOTAL COLLECTION OR SPOT SAMPLING, USING A SPECIAL CANNULA

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 116-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. ROHR ◽  
M. BRANDT ◽  
P. LEBZIEN ◽  
H. SCHAFFT
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Single Marker ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Special Cannula ◽  
Friesian Cows

Duodenal flow as derived from total collection and spot sampling was compared in three Friesian cows, using a re-entrant cannula without transecting the intestine. Cr2O3 was used as a single marker. Small differences in flow of dry matter, organic matter and nitrogen indicate that the spot sampling procedure may render valid results. The mean recovery of Cr2O3 was 96.7%. Key words: Cattle, duodenal flow, sampling technique, marker

Effect of monensin on meal frequency during sub-acute ruminal acidosis in dairy cows

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Lunn ◽  
T. Mutsvangwa ◽  
N. E. Odongo ◽  
T. F. Duffield ◽  
R. Bagg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Meal Frequency ◽  
Total Mixed Ration ◽  
Ruminal Acidosis ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Intake

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of monensin (Rumensin® controlled-release capsule; exp. 1 and Rumensin® Premix; exp. 2) on meal frequency during grain-induced sub-acute ruminal acidosis (SARA) in Holstein dairy cows. SARA was induced by restricting total mixed ration intake to 85% of ad libitum intake and replacing the remaining 15% with a grain pellet consisting of 50% wheat and 50% barley. In both experiments, meal frequency during SARA was lower (P < 0.05) than meal frequency during the adaptation and recovery periods. In exp. 2, monensin increased meal frequency during SARA (6.0 vs. 7.2, P = 0.04) and meal frequency during the recovery period (7.5 vs. 9.0, P = 0.004). These results suggest monensin premix may increase meal frequency in lactating dairy cows under conditions of SARA. Key words: dairy cows, monensin, ruminal acidosis, meal frequency

Measurement of endogenous fecal excretion and true absorption of selenium in dairy cows

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Koenig ◽  
J. A. Shelford ◽  
W. T. Buckley
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Tissue Distribution ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Isotope Ratios ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Fecal Excretion ◽  
Stable Isotope Ratios ◽  
Tracer Enrichment

A method combining balance techniques with an estimate of endogenous fecal selenium (Se) was evaluated as a measure of Se absorption in dairy cows. Endogenous fecal Se was estimated based on tracer enrichment in an index tissue (or fluid) that was assumed to represent enrichment of all endogenous sources of fecal Se. Two nonlactating Holstein cows fed a low-Se diet (0.035 mg Se kg−1 dry matter) were administered 4 mg Se-76, intraruminally, each day for 5 d (days 1–5). After a 10-d equilibration period, total collections of feces and urine were made at 24-h intervals for two 5-d periods (days 16–20 and days 21–25). On day 26 the animals were sacrificed and samples of all major tissues were collected. Samples were analyzed for total Se and Se stable isotope ratios. Selenium-76 enrichment was similar in tissues considered to be contributors to endogenous fecal Se, which supported the assumption that an index tissue could be used to estimate endogenous fecal excretion of Se. Endogenous fecal Se estimated from tracer enrichment in serum and liver was 22–36% of the total fecal Se excreted. True Se absorption was 10–16% of the daily Se intake. Key words: Selenium, stable isotope, tissue distribution, endogenous excretion, absorption, dairy cows

A CONTROLLED RELEASE INTRARUMINAL DEVICE FOR THE ADMINISTRATION OF FECAL DRY-MATTER MARKERS TO THE GRAZING RUMINANT

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 337-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. LABY ◽  
B. KAUTZNER ◽  
C. A. GRAHAM ◽  
S. R. EDWARDS
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Chromic Oxide

A general purpose controlled release (CR) intra-ruminal device (CRD) containing chromium sesquioxide (Cr2O3) was used to measure mean daily fecal dry matter excretion (FE). The FE of penned sheep, estimated using the CRD, was 1.02 ± 0.04 of actual FE, independent of diet. A single, uniform release rate for the CRD was observed in grazing and penned sheep. Key words: Controlled release, fecal marker, chromic oxide

Evaluation of controlled release devices for administration of chromium sesquioxide using fistulated grazing sheep. 2. Variation in rate of release from the device

1990 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 977 ◽  
Author(s):  
EP Furnival ◽  
KJ Ellis ◽  
FS Pickering
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Statistical Correlation ◽  
Faecal Output ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Release Device ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Release Devices

Merino sheep fitted with rumen cannulae and varying in liveweight, grazed Phalaris aquatica pastures with high and low dry matter mass. One or more controlled release devices were tethered inside the rumen and attached to its cannula. The position of the plunger within the controlled release device was recorded every 2 or 3 days for periods of up to 19 days, and the mean rate of plunger movement was calculated. Faecal output and flow of rumen digesta were measured concurrently in two experiments. Rate of plunger movement was measured in 152 devices and found to be substantially constant over time, but significant differences in mean rate of plunger movement were observed between formulation type, between sheep and between pastures varying in herbage mass. Coefficients of variation between sheep ranged from � 6 to �14%, and differences between pasture means ranged from 1 to 14%. Some of this variation was associated statistically with faecal output; assuming a linear relationship, a change in dry matter output of 100 g/day was associated with a change in plunger rate of 0.05 mm/day or about 6% of the mean rate. Liquid flow through the rumen was the rumen variable which had the highest statistical correlation with the rate of plunger movement.

In vitro degradation of fresh substrates treated with exogenous fibrolytic enzymes

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 611-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Bowman ◽  
K. A. Beauchemin ◽  
J. A. Shelford
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
In Vitro Degradation ◽  
Total Mixed Ration ◽  
Fibrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Enzyme Product ◽  
Dry Matter Degradation

An exogenous fibrolytic enzyme product was applied to three different proportions of a total mixed ration (TMR) and fed to dairy cows. There was no enhancement of the hydrolytic capacity of rumen fluid from cows serving as inoculum donors as a result of enzyme supplementation. In vitro dry matter degradation of the TMR at 12 h of incubation was increased by 15% when enzymes were added to the concentrate portion, and by 17% when added to the premix portion of the TMR (P < 0.05), but adding enzymes to the supplement (pelleted portion of the concentrate) had no effect. Key words: Enzymes, fresh substrate, dry matter degradation

scholarly journals Utilization of canola seed fractions for ruminants: effect of canola fibre-protein and can-sugar inclusion in dehydrated alfalfa pellets on palatability and lactation performance of dairy cows

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
R G Heendeniya ◽  
D A Christensen ◽  
D D Maenz ◽  
J J McKinnon ◽  
P. Yu
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Canola Seed ◽  
Lactation Performance ◽  
Total Mixed Ration ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Sugar Mixture

This research evaluated the effect of fibre-protein and can-sugar additions to dehydrated alfalfa pellets on feed acceptance, lactation performance, dry matter intake and apparent dry matter digestibility of dairy cows compared with a standard (pure) alfalfa pellet. The results showed that a two:one ratio of fibre-protein to can-sugar mixture can be added at 150 g kg-1 to a standard alfalfa pellet without affecting the palatability and lactation performance of dairy cows, when the alfalfa pellets are included at 50 g kg-1 (as fed basis) of a total mixed ration (TMR). Key words: Canola fractions, fibre-protein, can-sugar, palatability, lactation performances, dairy cows

Apparent transfer efficiency of docosahexaenoic acid from diet to milk in dairy cows

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 565-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. C. Wright ◽  
B. J. Holub ◽  
B. W. McBride
Keyword(s):  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Transfer Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Linear Decline

Apparent transfer efficiency of docosahexaenoic acid from diet to milk in dairy cattle was investigated. Three levels of a fish meal-containing supplement, 4.5, 14.9, and 29.1% of dry matter intake were added to a basal diet. A linear decline (from 34% to 11%) in apparent transfer efficiency was observed, as level of supplement increased. Key words: Docosahexaenoic acid, fish meal, milk composition

Effect of subacute ruminal acidosis on in situ digestion of mixed hay in lactating dairy cows

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Plaizier ◽  
J. E. Keunen ◽  
J-P. Walton ◽  
T. F. Duffield ◽  
B. W. McBride
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Subacute Ruminal Acidosis ◽  
Total Mixed Ration ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
Ruminal Acidosis ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows

Induction of subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) by replacing 25% of the total mixed ration (TMR) intake [dry matter (DM) basis] with pellets consisting of 50% wheat and 50% barley, reduced the in situ DM and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) digestion of mixed hay. In situ 48 h NDF disappearance was reduced from 39.5 to 30.9% (P < 0.05). Key words: Sub-acute ruminal acidosis, fibre digestibilty, dairy cows

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