Apparent transfer efficiency of docosahexaenoic acid from diet to milk in dairy cows

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 565-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. C. Wright ◽  
B. J. Holub ◽  
B. W. McBride
Keyword(s):  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Transfer Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Linear Decline

Apparent transfer efficiency of docosahexaenoic acid from diet to milk in dairy cattle was investigated. Three levels of a fish meal-containing supplement, 4.5, 14.9, and 29.1% of dry matter intake were added to a basal diet. A linear decline (from 34% to 11%) in apparent transfer efficiency was observed, as level of supplement increased. Key words: Docosahexaenoic acid, fish meal, milk composition

HIGH MOISTURE GROUND EAR CORN, HIGH MOISTURE BARLEY OR SODIUM HYDROXIDE TREATED BARLEY FOR LACTATING COWS: MILK PRODUCTION AND RATION UTILIZATION

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. KUNG Jr. ◽  
B. W. JESSE ◽  
J. W. THOMAS ◽  
J. T. HUBER ◽  
R. S. EMERY
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Fecal Ph

Whole barley was treated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in laboratory trials. Dry matter disappearance from nylon bags in the rumen of whole barley treated with 2.5, 3.5, or 4.9% NaOH for 30 h was 59.6, 72.4, and 93.0%, respectively, compared with 82.2% for untreated ground barley. In a subsequent lactation trial, 24 Holstein cows (eight per treatment) were fed high moisture ground ear corn, high moisture rolled barley or high moisture whole barley treated with 3.5% NaOH. Milk persistencies tended to be greater for cows fed high moisture rolled barley, next for ground ear corn and least for NaOH-treated barley. Milk composition was similar for all treatments. Dry matter intake was greatest for cows fed ground ear corn and lower for those fed the barley diets. Alpha-linked glucose and pH of feces were similar for cows fed ground ear corn and high moisture rolled barley diets, but fecal pH was lower and alpha-linked glucose concentrations three times greater for NaOH-treated barley. Digestibility percents of dry matter, acid detergent fiber and nitrogen were 61.4, 25.3, 64.7 for ground ear corn; 64.4, 38.0, 67.1 for high moisture rolled barley; and 56.8, 43.2, 54.8 for NaOH-treated barley, respectively. Rumen grain turnover estimated by excretion of ytterbium in feces was greatest for NaOH-treated barley (9.09%/h), intermediate for ground ear corn (6.10%/h) and lowest for high moisture rolled barley (4.93%/h). Key words: Dairy, sodium hydroxide, high moisture grains

Effect of post-ruminal infusion of glutamine on plasma amino acids, milk yield and composition in lactating dairy cows

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Plaizier ◽  
J. -P. Walton ◽  
B. W. McBride
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Plasma Amino Acid ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Plasma Amino Acids

The objectives of this study were to examine the effect of supplying post-ruminal L-glutamine in mid-lactation Holstein dairy cows on plasma amino acid profile, dry matter intake, milk yield and milk composition. The experiment was designed as a 4 × 4 Latin square with four 2-wk periods. Cows were continuously infused post-ruminally with graded levels of L-glutamine (L-Gln) for 5 consecutive days during the second week of each period. During the last 24 h of the infusion, blood plasma was collected every 6 h for the determination of plasma amino acid concentrations. Plasma Gln concentration increased (P < 0.05) with increasing L-Gln daily infusions. Infusion of 0, 100, 200, and 300 g d–1 resulted in blood plasma Gln concentrations of 289.5, 299.2, 356.4 and 386.2 mmol L–1, respectively. The level of Gln infusion also resulted in a decrease in the blood plasma concentration of phenylalanine, but the concentrations of all other amino acids were not affected. The administration of Gln did not affect dry matter intake, milk yield and milk composition. Key words: Post-ruminal, L-glutamine, plasma amino acids, milk constituents

Response of lactating dairy cows to dietary protein from canola meal or distillers’ grains on dry matter intake, milk production, milk composition, and amino acid status

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. P. Acharya ◽  
D. J. Schingoethe ◽  
K. F. Kalscheur ◽  
D. P. Casper
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Distillers Grains ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Acid Status

Acharya I. P., Schingoethe D. J., Kalscheur K. F. and Casper D. P. 2015. Response of lactating dairy cows to dietary protein from canola meal or distillers’ grains on dry matter intake, milk production, milk composition, and amino acid status. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 95: 267–279. A study was conducted to determine the response of feeding two different crude protein (CP) concentrations [low protein (LP, 14.3% CP) and high protein (HP, 16.3% CP)] and sources of protein [canola meal (CM) and high-protein dried distillers’ grains (HPDDG)] on dry matter intake, milk production and composition, and amino acid (AA) status of high producing dairy cows. Sixteen Holstein cows were used in a replicated 4×4 Latin square having a 2×2 factorial arrangement of treatments. All diets contained 55% forage (50% alfalfa hay and 50% corn silage) and 45% concentrate. Diets were formulated to contain LP with CM, LP with HPDDG, HP with CM and HP with HPDDG. Experimental feeding periods were 4 wk with data collected during weeks 3 and 4 of each period. Dry matter intake (24.6 vs. 25.9 kg d−1 for LP and HP, respectively) was increased for cows fed the higher CP diets, milk yield was greater for cows fed HP diets (34.0 vs. 36.4 kg d−1), and milk fat percentage was greater for cows fed HP compared with LP, but were similar between dietary protein sources. Feed efficiency calculated as fat-corrected milk and energy-corrected milk was greater for cows fed HP than LP, but was similar between sources. Dietary metabolizable protein of CM diets was utilized more efficiently than from HPDDG diets for milk protein production. Mammary gland extraction efficiency of essential AA indicated that Met was the first limiting AA for CM-based diets while Lys was first limiting for HPDDG-based diets. In summary, canola meal and distillers’ grains are both good quality protein supplements for lactating cows.

scholarly journals Effect of Feeding Improved Grass Hays and Eragrostis tef Straw Silage on Milk Yield, Nitrogen Utilization, and Methane Emission of Lactating Fogera Dairy Cows in Ethiopia

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1021
Author(s):  
Shigdaf Mekuriaw ◽  
Atsushi Tsunekawa ◽  
Toshiyoshi Ichinohe ◽  
Firew Tegegne ◽  
Nigussie Haregeweyn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Methane Emission ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Nitrogen Utilization ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Eragrostis Tef ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Natural Pasture

The nutritionally imbalanced poor-quality diet feeding is the major constraint of dairy production in tropical regions. Hence, alternative high-quality roughage-based diets are required to improve milk yield and reduce methane emission (CH4). Thus, we tested the effects of feeding natural pasture hay, improved forage grass hays (Napier and Brachiaria Hybrid), and treated crop residues (Eragrostis tef straw) on nutrient digestibility, milk yield, nitrogen balance, and methane emission. The eight lactating Fogera cows selected for the experiment were assigned randomly to a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Cows were housed in well-ventilated individual pens and fed a total mixed ration (TMR) comprising 70% roughage and 30% concentrate. The four roughage-based basal dietary treatments supplemented with formulated concentrate were: Control (natural pasture hay (NPH)); treated teff straw silage (TTS); Napier grass hay (NGH); and Brachiaria hybrid grass hay (BhH). Compared with the control diet, the daily milk yield increased (p < 0.01) by 31.9%, 52.9%, and 71.6% with TTS, NGH, and BhH diets, respectively. Cows fed BhH had the highest dry matter intake (8.84 kg/d), followed by NGH (8.10 kg/d) and TTS (7.71 kg/d); all of these intakes were greater (p = 0.01) than that of NPH (6.21 kg/d). Nitrogen digestibility increased (p < 0.01) from the NPH diet to TTS (by 27.7%), NGH (21.7%), and BhH (39.5%). The concentration of ruminal ammonia nitrogen was higher for cows fed NGH than other diets (p = 0.01) and positively correlated with plasma urea nitrogen concentration (R² = 0.45). Feeding TTS, NGH, and BhH hay as a basal diet changed the nitrogen excretion pathway from urine to feces, which can help protect against environmental pollution. Estimated methane yields per dry matter intake and milk yield were decreased in dairy cows fed BhH, NGH, and TTS diets when compared to cows fed an NPH diet (p < 0.05). In conclusion, feeding of TTS, NGH, and BhH roughages as a basal diet to lactating dairy cows in tropical regions improved nutrient intake and digestibility, milk yield, nitrogen utilization efficiency, and reduced enteric methane emission.

Milk production, milk composition, blood composition, and conception rate of transition dairy cows fed different profiles of fatty acids

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 591-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. V. Petit ◽  
C. Benchaar
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Soy Milk ◽  
Embryo Mortality ◽  
Ad Libitum Intake

A total of 153 lactating Holstein cows averaging 695 kg body weight (standard error = 11) were allotted 6 wk before the expected date of parturition to 51 groups of three cows blocked for similar calving dates to determine the effects of feeding different profiles of fatty acids from 6 wk before calving on feed intake, milk production and composition, conception rate, and embryo mortality in the subsequent lactation. Cows within each block were assigned to one of the three isoenergetic total mixed diets based on either whole flaxseed (FLA), Megalac® (MEG) or micronized soybeans (SOY). Diets were fed for ad libitum intake from 6 wk before calving to day 50 of pregnancy for pregnant cows, or 120 d postpartum for those not diagnosed pregnant after artificial insemination (AI). Diet had no effect on prepartum dry matter intake but postpartum intake was 9% higher for cows fed FLA than for those fed MEG or SOY. Milk production and fat concentration were similar among treatments. Conception rate at first AI was higher for cows fed FLA (54.3%) than for those fed SOY (26.9%). Conception rate at first AI was similar for cows fed FLA and MEG and it was similar for those fed MEG and SOY. Cows fed MEG tended to have higher embryo mortality than those fed FLA (41.7 vs. 10.5%, P = 0.06) and SOY (41.7 vs. 0%, P = 0.08) at first AI and there was no difference among treatments at second AI. Total embryo mortality was similar for cows fed FLA and SOY but cows fed MEG had higher total embryo mortality than those fed SOY (35.3 vs. 9.1%) and there was a trend (P = 0.07) when MEG was compared with FLA (35.3 vs. 9.5%). These data suggest that feeding flaxseed during the prepartum period has little effect on production in the subsequent lactation but could improve fertility of dairy cows. Key words: Dairy, flaxseed, milk production, reproduction, fatty acids

Review: Feed intake, milk production and milk composition of dairy cows fed flaxseed

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
H V Petit
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Hydrocyanic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter Intake

Flaxseed contains approximately 55% of total fatty acids of the oil as ?-linolenic acid and is rich in lignans, which are strong antioxidants. Diets rich in omega-3 fatty acids and antioxidants are known to have beneficial effects on human health such as a decrease in the incidence of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, and arthritis. Flaxseed could then be an interesting natural feed to consider for changing milk composition. Cyanogenic glycosides (linustatin and neolinustatin) are present in flaxseed, but the concentration of hydrocyanic acid is very low in milk and ruminal fluid of cows fed flaxseed products. In general, feeding up to 15% of the total dry matter as whole flaxseed has a limited effect on dry matter intake. Heat treatments such as micronization and extrusion have no effect on dry matter intake and the effect of formaldehyde treatment on feed intake is unclear. The effects of flaxseed supplementation on milk production of dairy cows in the early stage of lactation have been neutral. Diet supplementation with whole flaxseed has had no effect on milk yield and composition of dairy cows in the mid or late stages of lactation. Physical processing of flaxseed increased milk production although heat treatment did not. Results on the effect of flaxseed processing on overall milk fat concentration have been controversial, but heat and formaldehyde treatments had no effect. Flaxseed supplementation had no effect on milk fat and protein concentrations, and processing of flaxseed had little effect. The extent of change in the concentration of fatty acids in milk is generally proportional to the level of inclusion of flaxseed in the diet. In conclusion, feeding flaxseed does not affect milk production or composition in the large majority of studies, but its long-term effects on health of cows and productivity still need to be determined.Key words: Review, flax, dairy

Effects of feeding wheat or corn and of rumen fistulation on milk production and methane emissions of dairy cows

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 891 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Moate ◽  
S. R. O. Williams ◽  
M. H. Deighton ◽  
M. C. Hannah ◽  
B. E. Ribaux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Ch4 Emissions

There has been little research that has quantified methane (CH4) yields when dairy cows consume diets containing wheat grain. Furthermore, although rumen-fistulated animals have been used in many experiments concerned with measuring CH4 emissions, no research has examined the effect of rumen fistulation on in vivo CH4 emissions and yield. This experiment examined the effects of including either wheat or corn grain in the diet and the effects of rumen fistulation on yields of milk and milk components, CH4 emissions, yields, and intensities. Eight rumen-fistulated and six non-fistulated Holstein dairy cows in late lactation were offered a wheat-based diet (WHT) and a corn-based diet (CRN) in a crossover design. For the WHT diet, cows were offered daily, 22.4 kg DM containing 45.5% lucerne hay, 8.9% canola meal, 0.5% mineral mix, 0.5% molasses powder and 44.6% rolled wheat. The CRN diet was similar to the WHT diet except that rolled corn replaced the wheat. There was no difference between the WHT and CRN diets on mean milk yields (27.8 vs 27.9 kg/day), but the WHT diet substantially reduced milk fat concentration (2.76 vs 4.23%) and milk fat yield (0.77 vs 1.18 kg/day). Methane emissions (218 vs 424 g/day), CH4 yield (11.1 vs 19.5 g/kg dry matter intake) and CH4 intensity (7.6 vs 15.7 g/kg milk) were all reduced ~45% by the WHT diet compared with the CRN diet. Rumen fistulation did not affect dry matter intake, milk production, milk composition or CH4 emissions, but decreased CH4 yield and intensity. Including wheat in the diet of dairy cows has the potential to be an effective strategy to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, rumen fistulation was associated with a small reduction in CH4 yield and intensity, and this should be considered when using rumen-fistulated cows in research concerned with CH4 emissions.

Milk production responses to turnips fed to dairy cows in mid lactation

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Moate ◽  
D. E. Dalley ◽  
K. Martin ◽  
C. Grainger
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Physical Form ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Summary. Recently, many dairy farmers in Victoria have grown turnips as a summer fodder crop for lactating dairy cows. This paper reports on a 1 month experiment in which cows were individually fed indoors, and milk yield responses to feeding combinations of turnips and barley were measured. Forty cows in mid lactation were evenly allocated to 5 treatment groups. The control group were offered a basal diet of pasture hay and pasture silage which is similar to that available on many Victorian dairy farms during summer. Cows in the other 4 groups were offered the basal diet and various combinations of turnips and/or barley. Marginal milk responses from barley, turnips and a 50 : 50 mixture of turnips and barley were 0.62, 0.49 and 0.59 L/kg dry matter of supplement eaten. Milk composition of all groups was similar. Despite diets differing greatly in the proportions and physical form of dietary constituents, the mean milk production of each group was accurately predicted by their mean dry matter intake. Measurement of plasma minerals (calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium and phosphorus) and rumen fluid pH showed that dietary treatments caused some significant (P<0.05) differences but all values were within the normal range. In this experiment, the milk production responses from barley, turnips and combinations of barley and turnips were similar. Since the cost of turnips is generally about half that of barley, it is concluded that turnips are an economic alternative to barley as a feed supplement for summer milk production.

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