NOTES ON THE INSECT PARASITES OF THE SPRUCE BUDWORMCHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (CLEM.) IN BRITISH COLUMBIA

1948 ◽  
Vol 80 (1-12) ◽  
pp. 138-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Wilkes ◽  
H. C. Coppel ◽  
W. G. Mathers
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Good Deal ◽  
Natural Control ◽  
Forest Insect ◽  
General Account ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
Insect Parasites

The spruce budworm, Choristoneura (Archips) fumiferana (Clem.) (Tortricidae) has long been considered one of the most injurious forest insect pests in Canada. A general account of past outbreaks and an outline of its biology and bahits are given by Swaine and Craighead (1924). At the time these studies were made investigations were also undertaken by J.D. Tothill and A.B. Baird on the parasites and other natural control factors of the spruce budworm, but although a good deal of work was done, brief reference to which is made by Hewitt (1911, 1912, 1913), very little has been published.

PRELIMINARY NOTES ON THE NATURAL CONTROL OF THE EUROPEAN SPRUCE SAWFLY BY SMALL MAMMALS

1942 ◽  
Vol 74 (11) ◽  
pp. 197-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Popillia Japonica ◽  
Natural Control ◽  
Japanese Beetle ◽  
Forest Insect ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
Larch Sawfly

The importance of small mammals as natural control factors for forest insect pests has been indicated by several investigators, particularly by Hewitt (8) and Graham (5) with respect to the larch sawfly, Pristiphora erichsoni Htg. and by Sim (9) with respect to the Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica Newm.

THE INTRODUCTION OF INSECT PARASITES OF THE SPRUCE BUDWORM, ARCHIPS FUMIFERANA CLEM., INTO EASTERN CANADA

1946 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 82-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Wilkes
Keyword(s):  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Forest Insect ◽  
Adequate Control ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
Insect Parasites

The extent and intensity of the present infestation of the spruce budworm, Archips fumiferana Clem., in eastern Canada has become a problem of immense national concern (I). The necessity for further knowledge in formulating adequate control programmes has emphasized the importance of considering the possible utilization of natural insect parasites. As part of the more conprehensive study of control being carried on by the Federal Division of Entomology, the Dominion Parasite Laboratory in cooperation with the Forest Insect Unit instituted a programme of parasite introduction in 1943.

scholarly journals A RECENT SPRUCE BUDWORM OUTBREAK IN THE LOWER ST. LAWRENCE AND GASPE PENINSULA WITH REFERENCE TO AERIAL SPRAYING OPERATIONS

1960 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Blais ◽  
R. Martineau
Keyword(s):  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Spray Application ◽  
Natural Control ◽  
Insect Abundance ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
Aerial Spraying ◽  
Eventual Collapse ◽  
Gaspe Peninsula

The main topics discussed in this paper are: the progress of the spruce budworm outbreak in the Lower St. Lawrence - Gaspé regions from 1949 to 1956; the areas sprayed between 1954 and 1958; timing of spray application in relation to insect abundance and development; effects of treatment on spruce budworm populations and on defoliation of balsam fir; results of aerial defoliation surveys and egg surveys; estimated amounts of wood destroyed by the insect, and losses averted through spraying; the various natural control factors associated with the decline and the eventual collapse of the outbreak.

A Study of the natural Control of the Pea Moth, Cydia nigricana, Steph.

1938 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewen Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Natural Control ◽  
Maritime Provinces ◽  
Pea Moth ◽  
Cydia Nigricana ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Insect Parasites

1. The moth—Cydia nigricana—whose larvae bore into the pods of developing peas and render most of the contained seeds unfit for human consumption is considered by some authorities to be one of the principal insect pests of agriculture in Canada. It is particularly destructive in the Maritime Provinces and British Columbia, while in Ontario it increased to such proportions that the farmers of that province had to give up growing mid-season peas altogether.2. This state of affairs is attributed to the fact that the pea moth was accidentally introduced from Europe in 1893 without the insect parasites which attack and check it in its native home. At any rate no parasites have emerged from the representative collections of pea moth material made by the Canadian entomologists in the affected areas, while three species with a combined parasitism of up to 60 per cent. have been reared by the writer from cocoons of the moth in England. Furthermore, in Canada, where parasites of this particular pest are absent, 10–50 per cent. of the pea crop and sometimes as much as 75 per cent. or more, is said to be destroyed annually by the moth larvae, whereas in England, where they are present, the attack is usually comparatively slight.3. The paper opens with a general account of the biology of the pea moth including systematic descriptions of the adult and developmental stages, and notes on the host-plants and distribution of the insect.

Control of a Spruce Budworm Outbreak in Quebec through Aerial Spraying Operations

1963 ◽  
Vol 95 (8) ◽  
pp. 821-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Blais
Keyword(s):  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Natural Control ◽  
Aerial Application ◽  
Infested Area ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
Outbreak Area ◽  
Aerial Spraying

AbstractAn attempt was made to suppress an incipient spruce budworm outbreak in the Lower St. Lawrence region of Quebec through the aerial application of DDT. Operations began in 1960 and continued in 1961 and 1962 when they finally met with success. Failure to achieve success earlier was due partly to the exceptionally favourable survival conditions for the insect in 1960, and partly to the inadvertent omission of a small infested area from the program in 1961. The operations greatly reduced spruce budworm populations each year in the outbreak area, while the action of natural control factors, including parasites and predators increased. The collapse of the outbreak was the result of the combined effects of the chemical treatments and of natural control factors.

RELATING WEATHER TO OUTBREAKS OF WESTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA OCCIDENTALIS (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), IN BRITISH COLUMBIA

1984 ◽  
Vol 116 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Thomson ◽  
R. F. Shepherd ◽  
J. W. E. Harris ◽  
R. H. Silversides
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Western Spruce Budworm ◽  
Forest Insect ◽  
Outbreak Area ◽  
Larval Emergence ◽  
Weather Parameters ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe relationship of western spruce budworm outbreaks and population collapse to weather parameters was examined using long term weather records from two stations in the budworm outbreak area of British Columbia and outbreak patterns obtained from Forest Insect and Disease Survey records and from tree stem analyses.Outbreaks were associated with warm dry summers in conjunction with synchrony of larval emergence and bud flush. Collapse of the last two outbreaks was clearly associated with extreme high temperatures following moth flight. Collapse of the earlier outbreaks may have been due to asynchrony between larval emergence and bud flush.

Notes on Limitations of Natural Control of Phytophagous Insects and Mites in a British Columbia Orchard

1956 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Marshall ◽  
C. V. G. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Apple Scab ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Phytophagous Insects ◽  
Natural Control ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
Marketable Fruit ◽  
Short Time

When an apple orchard is abandoned in Eastern Canada the trees may continue to grow reasonably well for many years. As a rule the fruit is ruined by apple scab, but damage from insects or mites may be relatively minor. Under such conditions, phytophagous insects and mites are commonly held to an acceptable commercial level by natural control factors. On the other hand, when an apple orchard is abandoned in the semi-arid, southern interior of British Columbia the trees generally die from desiccation in a short time. Occasionally, when particularly favoured by sub-irrigation, they may survive for ten years or more. But they produce no marketable fruit; invariably it is ruined by insects. Unlike the abandoned eastern orchard. that in British Columbia his little natural protection from the codling moth, Carpocapsa pomonella (L.), and the blister mite, Eriophyes pyri (Pgst.), to mention but two common pests.

INTERACTION OF EVENING GROSBEAK (HESPERIPHONA VESPERTINA) AND SPRUCE BUDWORM (CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (CLEM.)) IN A LOCALIZED BUDWORM OUTBREAK TREATED WITH DDT IN QUEBEC

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 1017-1024 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Blais ◽  
G. H. Parks
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Natural Control ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
Outbreak Area ◽  
Large Numbers

Control of a localized spruce budworm outbreak in southeastern Quebec was achieved through the combined effects of chemical treatment with DDT and natural control factors. Amongst the latter, predation by evening grosbeaks was suspected to have been of considerable importance. It appears that the birds were attracted to the outbreak area in unusually large numbers during their spring migration. The yearly influx of the grosbeaks in the area occurred when the budworm was in the late larval and the pupal stages, an especially critical period with respect to generation survival of this insect. In 1963, the year following collapse of the outbreak, very few grosbeaks were seen in the area. There was no direct evidence that the birds suffered ill effects from the spraying operation.

Studies on the Silver-spotted Tiger Moth, Halisidota argentata Pack. (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae), in British Columbia

1958 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. T. Silver
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Natural Control ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
Single Colony ◽  
Tiger Moth ◽  
Northern Portion

The silver-spotted tiger moth, Halisidota argentata Pack., is a potentially dangerous defoliator of Douglas fir in British Columbia. Natural control factors have always prevented populations from building up to destructive proportions.The literature contains little information on this insect. Fletcher recorded the first outbreak of what was probably H. argentata in British Columbia in 1887 (2). Moths were identified as H. sobrina Stretch, but this form is now recorded only from California so it was probably H. argentata. The outbreak, probably on southern Vancouver Island, was reported as “committing great depredations on the spruces here.” Mathers found H. argentata at Chilliwack in the Fraser River Valley in 1934, but there was no report of an outbreak (4). A few larvae were collected on southern Vancouver Island from 1936 to 1952. In 1953 a considerable number of colonies were observed, and the following year the silver-spotted tiger moth was in infestation proportions. In 1955 the outbreak increased in intensity, and spread northward to the limit of its known range. A survey in the spring of 1956 failed to find a single colony south of Lantzville, and the population in the northern portion of the range was greatly reduced.

Natural Control Factors Affecting the Spruce Budworm in the Adirondacks During 1946–19481

1950 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 774-783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip B. Dowden ◽  
V. M. Carolin ◽  
C. O. Dirks
Keyword(s):  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Natural Control ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Control Factors
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