INTERACTION OF EVENING GROSBEAK (HESPERIPHONA VESPERTINA) AND SPRUCE BUDWORM (CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (CLEM.)) IN A LOCALIZED BUDWORM OUTBREAK TREATED WITH DDT IN QUEBEC

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 1017-1024 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Blais ◽  
G. H. Parks
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Natural Control ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
Outbreak Area ◽  
Large Numbers

Control of a localized spruce budworm outbreak in southeastern Quebec was achieved through the combined effects of chemical treatment with DDT and natural control factors. Amongst the latter, predation by evening grosbeaks was suspected to have been of considerable importance. It appears that the birds were attracted to the outbreak area in unusually large numbers during their spring migration. The yearly influx of the grosbeaks in the area occurred when the budworm was in the late larval and the pupal stages, an especially critical period with respect to generation survival of this insect. In 1963, the year following collapse of the outbreak, very few grosbeaks were seen in the area. There was no direct evidence that the birds suffered ill effects from the spraying operation.

Control of a Spruce Budworm Outbreak in Quebec through Aerial Spraying Operations

1963 ◽  
Vol 95 (8) ◽  
pp. 821-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Blais
Keyword(s):  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Natural Control ◽  
Aerial Application ◽  
Infested Area ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
Outbreak Area ◽  
Aerial Spraying

AbstractAn attempt was made to suppress an incipient spruce budworm outbreak in the Lower St. Lawrence region of Quebec through the aerial application of DDT. Operations began in 1960 and continued in 1961 and 1962 when they finally met with success. Failure to achieve success earlier was due partly to the exceptionally favourable survival conditions for the insect in 1960, and partly to the inadvertent omission of a small infested area from the program in 1961. The operations greatly reduced spruce budworm populations each year in the outbreak area, while the action of natural control factors, including parasites and predators increased. The collapse of the outbreak was the result of the combined effects of the chemical treatments and of natural control factors.

AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR PRODUCING LARGE NUMBERS OF SECOND-INSTAR SPRUCE BUDWORM LARVAE, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

1972 ◽  
Vol 104 (12) ◽  
pp. 1955-1957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dail Grisdale
Keyword(s):  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Improved Method ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Large Numbers

AbstractA method for weekly production in excess of 100,000 second-instar larvae of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura jumiferana (Clem.), is described. It depends on adherence to specific regimes of physical conditions and manipulation for the different immature stages. Standard, easily obtained utensils and materials are used in the rearing technique.

scholarly journals A RECENT SPRUCE BUDWORM OUTBREAK IN THE LOWER ST. LAWRENCE AND GASPE PENINSULA WITH REFERENCE TO AERIAL SPRAYING OPERATIONS

1960 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Blais ◽  
R. Martineau
Keyword(s):  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Spray Application ◽  
Natural Control ◽  
Insect Abundance ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
Aerial Spraying ◽  
Eventual Collapse ◽  
Gaspe Peninsula

The main topics discussed in this paper are: the progress of the spruce budworm outbreak in the Lower St. Lawrence - Gaspé regions from 1949 to 1956; the areas sprayed between 1954 and 1958; timing of spray application in relation to insect abundance and development; effects of treatment on spruce budworm populations and on defoliation of balsam fir; results of aerial defoliation surveys and egg surveys; estimated amounts of wood destroyed by the insect, and losses averted through spraying; the various natural control factors associated with the decline and the eventual collapse of the outbreak.

THIOTEPA AS AN EFFECTIVE AGENT FOR MASS STERILIZING THE SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

1971 ◽  
Vol 103 (12) ◽  
pp. 1753-1756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Retnakaran
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Topical Application ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Effective Agent ◽  
Diffusion Pump ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
And Diffusion

AbstractTopical application of thiotepa on the adult male spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana Clemens, at a concentration of 10 μg/insect resulted in 100% sterility. Unlike metepa, thiotepa did not have any apparent adverse effects on the competency of the sperms. Large numbers of male moths can be sterilized by allowing them to walk for 30 min on filter paper treated with a 2.5% solution of thiotepa in a 3:1 mixture of acetone and diffusion pump oil.

A Relation Between April and May Temperatures and Spruce Budworm Larval Emergence

1954 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 174-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Rose ◽  
J. R. Blais
Keyword(s):  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Apparent Temperature ◽  
Temperature Threshold ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Larval Emergence ◽  
Sudden Appearance ◽  
Spring Temperatures ◽  
Four Square

In the spring, spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem)), emerge as second-instar larvae from hibernacula. This emergence may be sudden and is readily detectable in the field. In northwestern Ontario, the sudden appearance of larvae in large numbers was especially spectacular in 1948; that year, very few insects were observed on May 11, but on the following two days, countless larvae could be seen on strands of silk streaming out from trees. Many of the insects were carried away by air currents. The surface of Big Canon Lake, a body of water close to four square miles in area, was covered with larvae, at an estimated density of 100 larvae per square foot of surface. At other times, however, emergence may be gradual or there may be two distinct periods of abundant emergence. Furthermore, the time of abundant larval emergence through six years has varied by as much as four weeks. Because of such differences, prevailing spring temperatures were examined to determine what relationship might exist between temperature and the time and character of emergence. This paper points out a relationship between emergence and April and May temperatures, and an apparent temperature threshold for emergence.

A new paleoecological approach to reconstruct long-term history of spruce budworm outbreaks

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 428-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Simard ◽  
Hubert Morin ◽  
Bruno Potelle
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Good Correspondence ◽  
History Of ◽  
Forest Humus

A new paleoecological indicator was used for retracing the long-term history of spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana Clem.) outbreaks from forest humus. Macrofossil analyses were performed on 28 forest soil profiles (10–20 cm) collected in four balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) stands located north of Lake Saint-Jean, Quebec. Direct evidence of the presence of spruce budworm was found. Few pupa fragments were present in the profiles, but the most abundant and well-preserved macrofossils collected were spruce budworm feces. The feces found were associated in part with the three outbreaks that occurred during the last century around 1914, 1952, and 1979. Good correspondence was obtained between the macrofossil results and the known dynamics of two stands, Lib20 and Lib23. However, the method failed to detect specific outbreaks in the other two stands, Lib21 and Lib24. A complementary macrofossil study was conducted on deeper humus profiles (47–70 cm) collected on two islands of Mingan Archipelago. The outbreak history of the last century was retraced, and it was established that spruce budworm was present in the Mingan Archipelago since at least 1520 years BP. The greatest numbers of spruce budworm feces were found in the first 20 cm of the humus profiles corresponding approximately to the 20th century period. Afterward, an important reduction in numbers of feces was observed. This may be attributable to lower levels of spruce budworm populations before the 20th century or the intensification of decomposition with increasing humus depth.

NOTES ON THE INSECT PARASITES OF THE SPRUCE BUDWORMCHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (CLEM.) IN BRITISH COLUMBIA

1948 ◽  
Vol 80 (1-12) ◽  
pp. 138-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Wilkes ◽  
H. C. Coppel ◽  
W. G. Mathers
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Good Deal ◽  
Natural Control ◽  
Forest Insect ◽  
General Account ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
Insect Parasites

The spruce budworm, Choristoneura (Archips) fumiferana (Clem.) (Tortricidae) has long been considered one of the most injurious forest insect pests in Canada. A general account of past outbreaks and an outline of its biology and bahits are given by Swaine and Craighead (1924). At the time these studies were made investigations were also undertaken by J.D. Tothill and A.B. Baird on the parasites and other natural control factors of the spruce budworm, but although a good deal of work was done, brief reference to which is made by Hewitt (1911, 1912, 1913), very little has been published.

scholarly journals Quantifying and predicting population connectivity of an outbreaking forest insect pest

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Larroque ◽  
Julian Wittische ◽  
Patrick M. A. James
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Landscape Connectivity ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Population Connectivity ◽  
Outbreak Area ◽  
Future Landscape

Abstract Context Dispersal has a key role in the population dynamics of outbreaking species such as the spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana) as it can synchronize the demography of distant populations and favor the transition from endemic to epidemic states. However, we know very little about how landscape structure influences dispersal in such systems while such knowledge is essential for better forecasting of spatially synchronous population dynamics and to guide management strategies. Objectives We aimed to characterize the spatial environmental determinants of spruce budworm dispersal to determine how these features affect outbreak spread in Quebec (Canada). We then apply our findings to predict expected future landscape connectivity and explore its potential consequences on future outbreaks. Methods We used a machine-learning landscape genetics approach on 447 larvae covering most of the outbreak area and genotyped at 3562 SNP loci to identify the main variables affecting connectivity. Results We found that the connectivity between outbreak populations was driven by the combination of precipitation and host cover. Our forecasting suggests that between the current and next outbreaks, connectivity may increase between Ontario and Quebec, and might decrease in the eastern part, which could have the effect of limiting outbreak spread from Ontario and Quebec to the eastern provinces. Conclusions Although we did not identify any discrete barriers, low connectivity areas might constrain dispersal in the current and future outbreaks and should in turn, be intensively monitored. However, continued sampling as the outbreak progresses is needed to confirm the temporal stability of the observed patterns.

Natural Control Factors Affecting the Spruce Budworm in the Adirondacks During 1946–19481

1950 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 774-783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip B. Dowden ◽  
V. M. Carolin ◽  
C. O. Dirks
Keyword(s):  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Natural Control ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Control Factors
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