PRELIMINARY NOTES ON THE NATURAL CONTROL OF THE EUROPEAN SPRUCE SAWFLY BY SMALL MAMMALS

1942 ◽  
Vol 74 (11) ◽  
pp. 197-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Popillia Japonica ◽  
Natural Control ◽  
Japanese Beetle ◽  
Forest Insect ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
Larch Sawfly

The importance of small mammals as natural control factors for forest insect pests has been indicated by several investigators, particularly by Hewitt (8) and Graham (5) with respect to the larch sawfly, Pristiphora erichsoni Htg. and by Sim (9) with respect to the Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica Newm.

NOTES ON THE INSECT PARASITES OF THE SPRUCE BUDWORMCHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (CLEM.) IN BRITISH COLUMBIA

1948 ◽  
Vol 80 (1-12) ◽  
pp. 138-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Wilkes ◽  
H. C. Coppel ◽  
W. G. Mathers
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Good Deal ◽  
Natural Control ◽  
Forest Insect ◽  
General Account ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
Insect Parasites

The spruce budworm, Choristoneura (Archips) fumiferana (Clem.) (Tortricidae) has long been considered one of the most injurious forest insect pests in Canada. A general account of past outbreaks and an outline of its biology and bahits are given by Swaine and Craighead (1924). At the time these studies were made investigations were also undertaken by J.D. Tothill and A.B. Baird on the parasites and other natural control factors of the spruce budworm, but although a good deal of work was done, brief reference to which is made by Hewitt (1911, 1912, 1913), very little has been published.

scholarly journals Blackberry Cultivar Feeding Preference of Adult Japanese Beetles

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 885-889
Author(s):  
Maciej A. Pszczolkowski ◽  
Kyndra Chastain ◽  
Rachel Veenstra ◽  
Martin L. Kaps
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
The United States ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Popillia Japonica ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Japanese Beetle ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Severity Rating ◽  
Beetle Damage

The Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica Newman) is one of the most widespread and destructive invasive insect pests in the eastern United States. Blackberry (Rubus sp.) production in the United States has increased significantly in recent years. With the introduction of new blackberry cultivars, insect resistance should become the focus of further breeding efforts. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the susceptibility of 13 blackberry cultivars to the Japanese beetle. The seasonal population dynamics of this insect, beetle damage to blackberry foliage, and beetle preference of blackberry cultivars were monitored from 2016 to 2018 on a blackberry plantation in Mountain Grove, MO. Japanese beetles feeding on blackberries occurred between 814 to 1251 cumulative degree-days (CDD; base, 10 °C) after 1 Jan. The following cultivars were evaluated: Apache, APF-40, Arapaho, Chester, Chickasaw, Kiowa, Natchez, Osage, Ouachita, Prime-Ark 45, Prime-Jan, Prime-Jim, and Triple Crown. Foliage damage incidence, defined as average percentage of leaves damaged by beetles on a given cane, did not differ among the cultivars. However, average severity of damage, estimated by rating on a scale from 0 (least) to 5 (most) of all damaged leaves on a given cane was different among cultivars. Ouachita and APF-40 exhibited the lowest damage severity rating among floricanes and primocanes, respectively. Apache (a floricane) and Prim-Jan (a primocane) were the most susceptible cultivars. Japanese beetle preferences for cultivars correlated with the degree of foliage damage. Because all blackberry cultivars exhibited similar foliage feeding incidence, but different feeding severity, we suggest the Japanese beetle does not differentiate among blackberry cultivars from a distance, but does upon contact with the foliage of a given plant.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Dogwood and Birch Species and Cultivars for Resistance to Key Insect Pests and Diseases

2001 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-78
Author(s):  
Monte P. Johnson ◽  
John R. Hartman ◽  
Robert E. McNiel ◽  
William M. Fountain
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Popillia Japonica ◽  
Japanese Beetle ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Cornus Mas ◽  
Bronze Birch Borer ◽  
Dogwood Borer

Abstract Ten cultivars of dogwoods (Cornus spp.) were evaluated in multi-year trials for relative reisistance to the dogwood borer, Synanthedon scitula (Harris); cold injury; canker disease, Botryosphaeria dothidea; spot anthracnose, Elsinoe corni; and powdery mildew, Oidium sp., Microsphaera sp., and Phyllactinia sp. Similarly, eight cultivars of birch (Betula spp.) were evaluated for resistance to the birch leafminer, Fenusa pusilla (Lepeletier); Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica Newman; aphids, Hamamelistes spinosus Shimer; the bronze birch borer, Agrilus anxius Gory; and leaf-spot, Cryptocline betularum. All cultivars of C. florida, C. kousa and C. kousa x florida were susceptible to dogwood borer, although the C. florida cultivars were surviving better than the others. Cornus mas and C. kousa cultivars were relatively resistant to powdery mildew while C. florida x kousa hybrids and C. florida ‘Cherokee Brave’ were intermediately resistant. Betula platyphylla szechuanica ‘Purpurea’ was highly susceptible to the bronze birch borer, whereas B. nigra and B. n. ‘Heritage’ were the most susceptible birches to aphid damage. Betula jacquemontii was highly susceptible to Japanese beetle defoliation. Betula pendula, B. nigra, and B. n. ‘Heritage’ were most susceptible to defoliation by birch leaf spot. This study suggests that dogwood and birch cultivars vary in susceptibility to key insect pests and diseases. Planting relatively resistant cultivars may be useful in managing perennial pests in urban landscapes.

Effects of free-range chickens and geese on insect pests and weeds in an agroecosystem

1996 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sean Clark ◽  
Stuart H. Gage
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Japanese Beetle ◽  
Plum Curculio ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Domestic Bird

AbstractWe evaluated the effects of free-range chickens and geese on insect pests and weeds in an experimental, nonchemical agroecosystem consisting of an apple orchard with intercropped potatoes. The objective was to assess the potential of these domestic bird species as biological control agents. Four insect pests were studied: plum curculio, apple maggot, Japanese beetle, and Colorado potato beetle. Chickens fed on several potential crop pests, including Japanese beetle. Although Japanese beetles were less abundant on apple trees when chickens were present, the proportion of damaged fruit was not reduced. Furthermore, chickens did not affect weed abundance or crop productivity. In contrast, geese were effective weeders. Their activities reduced weed abundance and increased potato plant growth and yields compared with a minimally weeded control. In addition, the activities of geese indirectly reduced apple fruit damage by plum curculio and increased the proportion of pest-free fruit, possibly because removal of vegetation by the geese reduced humidity at the soil surface and therefore reduced the activity of plum curculio.

scholarly journals Mechanics-based analysis of selected features of the exoskeletal microstructure of Popillia japonica

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 3253-3267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Cheng ◽  
Liyun Wang ◽  
Anette M. Karlsson
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Fiber Orientation ◽  
Fracture Resistance ◽  
Interfacial Strength ◽  
Maximum Tensile Stress ◽  
Popillia Japonica ◽  
Japanese Beetle ◽  
Mechanical Responses ◽  
Helicoidal Structure

We explore key mechanical responses of the layered microstructure found in selected parts of the exoskeletons (pronotum, leg and elytron) of Popillia japonica (Japanese beetle). Image analyses of exoskeleton cross-sections reveal four distinct layered regions. The load-bearing inner three regions (exocuticle, mesocuticle, and endocuticle) consist of multiple chitin-protein layers, in which chitin fibers align in parallel. The exocuticle and mesocuticle have a helicoidal structure, where the stacking sequence is characterized by a gradual rotation of the fiber orientation. The endocuticle has a pseudo-orthogonal structure, where two orthogonal layers are joined by a thin helicoidal region. The mechanics-based analyses suggest that, compared with the conventional cross-ply structure, the pseudo-orthogonal configuration reduces the maximum tensile stress over the exoskeleton cross-section and increases the interfacial fracture resistance. The coexistence of the pseudo-orthogonal and helicoidal structures reveals a competition between the in-plane isotropy and the interfacial strength in nature’s design of the biocomposite.

POPILLIA JAPONICA (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE): DISTRIBUTION AND MOVEMENT OF ADULTS IN HETEROGENEOUS ENVIRONMENTS

1983 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Régnière ◽  
Robert L. Rabb ◽  
R. E. Stinner
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Popillia Japonica ◽  
Heterogeneous Environments ◽  
Japanese Beetle ◽  
Feeding Sites ◽  
Marginal Production ◽  
Adult Feeding ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Eastern North Carolina

AbstractAdult Japanese beetle populations were sampled continuously during the summers of 1978 and 1979 in two agricultural stations in eastern North Carolina. Patterns in trap capture were used to develop a conceptual model of the movements of this insect in agricultural areas. A partition of land area is proposed, based on four categories of sites from the point of view of suitability to this insect's reproduction and survival: (1) intensive production sites, (2) marginal production sites, (3) migration alleys, and (4) adult feeding sites. This partition is suggested as a framework for discussion and study of the population dynamics of the insect.

scholarly journals Effects of Fine-Mesh Exclusion Netting on Pests of Blackberry

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Kuesel ◽  
Delia Scott Hicks ◽  
Kendall Archer ◽  
Amber Sciligo ◽  
Ricardo Bessin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Popillia Japonica ◽  
Japanese Beetle ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Insecticide Treatment ◽  
Fine Mesh ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
Organically Managed ◽  
Insecticide Sprays

Fine-mesh exclusion netting is a potential alternative to organic and conventional insecticide application to control numerous pests of fruit crops. We tested whether fine-mesh exclusion netting would reduce pest abundance and increase marketable yield compared to organic spinosad insecticide sprays in an organically managed blackberry field. At the completion of flowering, we covered blackberry rows (N = 3) with fine-mesh exclusion netting (ProtekNet) and treated alternating rows (N = 3) with an organic spinosad insecticide (Entrust™). Fine-mesh exclusion reduced green June beetle (Cotinus nitida Linnaeus) and bird presence and marginally reduced Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica Newman) presence on blackberry canes compared to organic spinosad insecticide treatment. Exclusion netting reduced the capture of spotted-wing Drosophila (Drosophila suzukii Matsumara; SWD) in baited traps in the fourth week of exclusion, and reduced the overall number of SWD adults emerging from harvested blackberry fruits. Marketable yield in the fine-mesh exclusion treatments was two times higher than the organic spinosad insecticide treatment. These results suggest that fine-mesh exclusion netting is a functional pest control alternative to organic insecticide treatment.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document