CROP LIFE TABLES AS A PEST MANAGEMENT TOOL

1970 ◽  
Vol 102 (8) ◽  
pp. 950-955 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Harcourt
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Life Table ◽  
Life Tables ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Crop Pests ◽  
Rational Management ◽  
Early Market

AbstractCohort life tables are seen to provide the basis for an analytic and insightful approach to the rational management of crop pests. A life table is presented for a typical planting of early market cabbage, and dx values appraised in the light of potential dollar revenues.

scholarly journals Dispersal and spatiotemporal distribution of Protapion fulvipes in white clover fields: implications for pest management

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica Hederström ◽  
Franklin N. Nyabuga ◽  
Olle Anderbrant ◽  
Glenn P. Svensson ◽  
Maj Rundlöf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Main Tool ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Economic Injury Level ◽  
Dispersal Capacity ◽  
Clover Seed

AbstractYield loss caused by insect pests remains a substantial problem in agriculture. Chemical control, with potential negative effects on non-target organisms, is still the main tool for pest management. For pest species with limited dispersal capacity, rotation of the crop in time and space has potential as an alternative management measure. This is particularly important in organic farming, where most agrochemicals are prohibited, but also relevant as a complementary pest management strategy in conventional agriculture. Clover is an important crop used for animal feed and as green manure; however, seed-eating weevils can severely limit the seed yield. We hypothesized that the previous year’s clover seed fields constitute the major sources of weevil pests. Consequently, a greater distance to, and a smaller pest load from, this source should reduce the number of weevils colonizing the new seed fields. To map population dynamics and dispersal range of Protapion fulvipes, an economically important seed weevil specialized on white clover, we conducted field studies over four years in 45 white clover seed fields. We found that P. fulvipes overwinters close to its source field and disperses to new fields in early spring the following year. Pest abundance increased with pest load in the previous year’s seed field, but decreased by 68% per km distance to the previous year’s field. Thus, separation of seed production fields between years by 2–3 km would create a spatiotemporal pest management tool to reduce the pest infestation below the estimated economic injury level.

scholarly journals Data granularity in mid-year life table construction

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose M Pavia ◽  
Natalia Salazar ◽  
Josep Lledo
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Life Table ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Life Tables ◽  
Population Estimates ◽  
Substantial Influence ◽  
Pension Systems ◽  
Insurance Policies ◽  
Statistical Agencies ◽  
Data Granularity

Life tables have a substantial influence on both public pension systems andlife insurance policies. National statistical agencies construct life tables fromhypotheses death rate estimates to the (mx aggregated ), or death figures probabilities of demographic (q x ), after applying events (deaths, variousmigrations and births). The use of big data has become extensive acrossmany disciplines, including population statistics. We take advantage of thisfact to create new (more unrestricted) mortality estimators within the familyof period-based estimators, in particular, when the exposed-to-riskpopulation is computed through mid-year population estimates. We useactual data of the Spanish population to explore, by exploiting the detailedmicrodata of births, deaths and migrations (in total, more than 186 milliondemographic events), the effects that different assumptions have oncalculating death probabilities. We also analyse their impact on a sample ofinsurance product. Our results reveal the need to include granular data,including the exact birthdate of each person, when computing period mid-year life tables.

scholarly journals Social wasps are effective biocontrol agents of key lepidopteran crop pests

2019 ◽  
Vol 286 (1914) ◽  
pp. 20191676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin J. Southon ◽  
Odair A. Fernandes ◽  
Fabio S. Nascimento ◽  
Seirian Sumner
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Social Wasps ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Paper Wasp ◽  
Crop Pests ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Management Scheme

Biocontrol agents can help reduce pest populations as part of an integrated pest management scheme, with minimal environmental consequences. However, biocontrol agents are often non-native species and require significant infrastructure; overuse of single agents results in pest resistance. Native biocontrol agents are urgently required for more sustainable multi-faceted approaches to pest management. Social wasps are natural predators of lepidopteran pests, yet their viability as native biocontrol agents is largely unknown. Here, we provide evidence that the social paper wasp Polistes satan is a successful predator on the larvae of two economically important and resilient crop pests, the sugarcane borer Diatraea saccharalis (on sugarcane Saccharum spp.) and the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (on maize Zea mays ); P. satan wasps significantly reduce crop pest damage. These results provide the much-needed baseline experimental evidence that social wasps have untapped potential as native biocontrol agents for sustainable crop production and food security.

On the possible Methods of Dividing the Net Profits of a Mutual Life Assurance Company amongst the Members

1856 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 278-287
Author(s):  
Henry Wilbraham
Keyword(s):  
Life Table ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Life Tables ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Fixed Amount ◽  
Life Assurance ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
A Charge ◽  
Additional Charge ◽  
Stationary Period

The object of this paper is to give a brief exposition of the different possible methods or classes of methods of equitably dividing the net profits of a Mutual Life Assurance Office among the members. By an equitable division must be understood one which is fair not only between persons of different ages entering the Office at the same time, but also between persons entering the Office at different epochs of its existence,–one from which the members of different ages will, relatively to one another, receive the same benefit from the profits during the earlier and growing years of the Office, and during years when the amount of its business is declining, as during its stationary period. I assume the premiums actually paid to be composed of the net premium calculated from a correct life table, and of a charge of 25 per cent. on the net premium added to guard against unfavourable contingencies, and that this additional charge is really the source of all the profit divisible among the members; or at least, that whatever profits arise from any other source may be fairly apportioned in the same proportions as appear equitable on the supposition that the charge is the sole source of profits. The addition to the premiums for defraying the expenses of the Office, for the sake of simplicity, I leave out of account. In consideration of the payments of the successive net premiums, the assured is guaranteed a sum at death such that the present prospective value of that sum is equal to the present value of the successive net premiums. Similarly, in consideration of the successive charges on the premiums, he should have the prospect of receiving a sum or sums either at death or at any times before that; not guaranteed, it is true, to any fixed amount, but variable with the circumstances of the Society, such that the present value of such sums or bonuses shall be equal to the present value of the successive charges. That this equation between the present values ought to subsist is as clear in the case of the charges and bonuses as in that of the net premiums and sums assured. If the system of division of profits be such that this equation always subsist, it must be fair as respects each member; and any Office adopting a system in which it does not subsist is committing as great an injustice towards its members as one which calculates the premiums on false life tables.

An overview of integrated pest management (IPM) in north-eastern Australian grain farming systems: past, present and future prospects

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 1574 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. B. Brier ◽  
D. A. H. Murray ◽  
L. J. Wilson ◽  
A. H. Nicholas ◽  
M. M. Miles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Silverleaf Whitefly ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Pest Damage ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Area North

The authors overview integrated pest management (IPM) in grain crops in north-eastern Australia, which is defined as the area north of latitude 32°S. Major grain crops in this region include the coarse grains (winter and summer cereals), oilseeds and pulses. IPM in these systems is complicated by the diversity of crops, pests, market requirements and cropping environments. In general, the pulse crops are at greatest risk, followed by oilseeds and then by cereal grains. Insecticides remain a key grain pest management tool in north-eastern Australia. IPM in grain crops has benefited considerably through the increased adoption of new, more selective insecticides and biopesticides for many caterpillar pests, in particular Helicoverpa spp. and loopers, and the identification of pest–crop scenarios where spraying is unnecessary (e.g. for most Creontiades spp. populations in soybeans). This has favoured the conservation of natural enemies in north-eastern Australia grain crops, and has arguably assisted in the management of silverleaf whitefly in soybeans in coastal Queensland. However, control of sucking pests and podborers such as Maruca vitrata remains a major challenge for IPM in summer pulses. Because these crops have very low pest-damage tolerances and thresholds, intervention with disruptive insecticides is frequently required, particularly during podfill. The threat posed by silverleaf whitefly demands ongoing multi-pest IPM research, development and extension as this pest can flare under favourable seasonal conditions, especially where disruptive insecticides are used injudiciously. The strong links between researchers and industry have facilitated the adoption of IPM practices in north-eastern Australia and augers well for future pest challenges and for the development and promotion of new and improved IPM tactics.

Accounts and Models for Spatial Demographic Analysis 3: Rates and Life Tables

1975 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
P H Rees ◽  
A G Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Life Table ◽  
Fundamental Matrix ◽  
Life Tables ◽  
Population Projection ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Demographic Analysis ◽  
Demographic Rate ◽  
Group Life ◽  
Single Region ◽  
Lexis Diagram

The paper begins by distinguishing, with the aid of the Lexis diagram that plots age against time, three kinds of demographic rate: age-group rates, period rates, and life-table rates. There are single-region and multiregion versions of those rates. In order to measure multiregional life-table rates, life-table accounts are developed together with an accounts based model that estimates the full accounts matrix from available data. These multiregional rates are then used to construct multiregional life tables akin to those recently proposed by Rogers. It is shown that the calculations involved in measuring the survivorship probabilities of the life table can be succinctly summarized in Stone's fundamental matrix. The detailed connections between life-table accounts and age-group accounts are explored, and the possibility of age-group life tables raised. The conclusion is reached that the age-group accounts are the appropriate ones for generating rates for use in population projection models, and that the life-table accounts are the appropriate ones for generating rates for use in actuarial calculations.

scholarly journals Drip Chemigation of Insecticides as a Pest Management Tool in Vegetable Production

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. E1-E5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Ghidiu ◽  
Thomas Kuhar ◽  
John Palumbo ◽  
David Schuster
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Vegetable Production
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document