Measurement of the fast ion distribution using active NPA diagnostics at the Globus-M2 spherical tokamak

Active NPA measurements of the fast ion distribution using the neutral beam as an additional charge exchange target are discussed. Expressions for the calculation of the NPA signal based on the fast ion distribution and for the reconstruction of the fast ion distribution from the NPA signal are provided. Demonstration of the described approach is carried out on the Globus-M2 spherical tokamak, where a scanning system for the NPAs was recently installed. Main features of the active NPA application on Globus-M2 are considered. The energy and spatial distributions of fast deuterium ions at dedicated pitch angles are obtained and compared with the calculated ones. Key traits of the obtained distributions are considered and explained.

Price Decomposition of Laser Treatment for Port-Wine Stain Using the Hedonic Pricing Model

Background: Port-wine stain (PWS) is a congenital capillary malformation associated with negative effects on the quality of life and psychological health of the patients. Pulsed dye laser (PDL) is the current treatment of choice for PWS, however there is little information on the factors determining the treatment price of PWS. We aim to explore the factors determining the treatment price of PWS.Methods: Data were collected through telephone surveys and self-reported questionnaires from hospitals, chain clinics, and doctor’s offices that offered PWS treatment from February 1 to March 30, 2021. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis using a log-linear regression model.Results: A total of 104 observations were gathered. The estimated base price of the treatment without any additional features is 98.34 USD. Treatment by dermatologists has an additional charge of 28.41 USD or 28.9%. Some private clinics offer a lower price of 28.7% (or 28.27 USD) by illegally having non-medical doctors perform the treatment. Treatment with 595-nm PDL and 585-nm PDL and 1064-nm Nd:YAG lasers have an additional charge of 34% (or 33.45 USD) and 38% (or 37.41 USD), respectively. The location and type of medical facility can also affect the price of the treatment. Conclusion: Many factors determine the base price and shadow price of PWS treatment. By using Factors determining a higher cost of laser fee are non-government facilities, location within the capital city, and higher location cost like clinics in the shopping complexes. Lastly, the type of laser and medical personnel provider can also affect the price of the treatment.

Facile phase transition engineering of MoS2 for electrochemical hydrogen evolution

Magnetron sputtering and DFT calculations revealed that the single-doped Cu-MoS2, Au-MoS2, Ag-MoS2, and Al-MoS2 exhibited distinct phase transitions compared to Cr-MoS2, Hf-MoS2, Ta-MoS2, and Zr-MoS2, due to the introduction of additional charge.

Iron cation vacancies in Pt(iv)-doped hematite

Platinum-doping of hematite (α-Fe2O3) is a popular method to increase the performance of hematite in photoelectrochemical applications. Here we show that the additional charge caused by Pt4+ is balanced by an Fe3+ vacancy.

Spin-spin interactions and spin delocalisation in a doped organic semiconductor probed by EPR spectroscopy

The enhancement and control of the electrical conductivity of organic semiconductors is fundamental for their use in optoelectronic applications and can be achieved by molecular doping, which introduces additional charge...

Formation processes of additional charge carriers in nanosilicon under the influence of epithermal neutrons

The nuclear transmutation in the nanosilicon under the influence of epithermal neutrons and the formation processes of charge carriers under the influence of gamma and beta rays emitted by unstable nuclei were theoretically and experimentally investigated. These studies may provide information on the origin and number of electroactive defects in neutron-irradiated nanosilicon.

Polarizable MD simulations of ionic liquids: How does additional charge transfer change the dynamics?

A new model for treating charge transfer in ionic liquids is developed and applied to 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate. The model allows for us to examine the roles of charge transfer, polarizability, and charge scaling effects on the dynamics of ionic liquids.