Accounts and Models for Spatial Demographic Analysis 3: Rates and Life Tables

1975 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
P H Rees ◽  
A G Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Life Table ◽  
Fundamental Matrix ◽  
Life Tables ◽  
Population Projection ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Demographic Analysis ◽  
Demographic Rate ◽  
Group Life ◽  
Single Region ◽  
Lexis Diagram

The paper begins by distinguishing, with the aid of the Lexis diagram that plots age against time, three kinds of demographic rate: age-group rates, period rates, and life-table rates. There are single-region and multiregion versions of those rates. In order to measure multiregional life-table rates, life-table accounts are developed together with an accounts based model that estimates the full accounts matrix from available data. These multiregional rates are then used to construct multiregional life tables akin to those recently proposed by Rogers. It is shown that the calculations involved in measuring the survivorship probabilities of the life table can be succinctly summarized in Stone's fundamental matrix. The detailed connections between life-table accounts and age-group accounts are explored, and the possibility of age-group life tables raised. The conclusion is reached that the age-group accounts are the appropriate ones for generating rates for use in population projection models, and that the life-table accounts are the appropriate ones for generating rates for use in actuarial calculations.

scholarly journals Population Structure and Life Table of Dog Conch (Strombus turturella) in Bangka Belitung Islands, Indonesia [Struktur Populasi dan Tabel Hidup Siput Gonggong (Strombus turturella) di Kepulauan Bangka Belitung, Indonesia]

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Okto Supratman ◽  
Tati Suryati Syamsudin
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Life Table ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Time Estimation ◽  
First Year ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Growth Coefficient ◽  
Recruitment Time

AbstractDog Conch (Strombus turturella) has an essential economic value in Bangka Belitung Islands. Allegedly, the population of Dog Conch is decreasing due to overexploitation. The purpose of this study is to provide information related to the distribution of long frequency, growth pattern, age group, recruitment time estimation and life table of Dog Conch. This research took place on the coast of Tukak Village and Anak Air Island, Bangka Belitung Islands. Samples of Dog Conch were taken using 3x3 m2 square. The shell length of Dog Conch found ranged between 18.18 to 77.49 mm, consisting of three age groups. Asymptotic length value (L∞), growth coefficient (K) and theoretical age on zero-length (t0) were 83.94 mm, 0.79/year and -0.152 sequentially. In the first year, Dog Conch grows to 50.18 mm and slows down when it grows older until it is 13 years old. The proportion of high mortality rate was at 1 to 2 years old and 3 to 4 years old or in adult individuals, while the highest life expectancy rate was in the age group of 0-1-year old or young individuals. It indicated that the high mortality rate was in the group in which people use to consume or sell in the marketsAbstrakSiput gonggong (Strombus turturella) memiliki nilai ekonomis penting di Kepulauan Bangka Belitung. Diduga populasi siput gonggong semakin menurun akibat dari eksploitasi berlebihan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memberikan informasi terkait distribusi frekuensi panjang, pola pertumbuhan, kelompok umur, estimasi waktu rekruitmen dan tabel hidup siput gonggong. Lokasi penelitian berada di Pesisir Desa Tukak dan Pulau Anak Air, Kepulauan Bangka Belitung.Pengambilan sampel siput gonggong dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuadrat 3x3 m2. Panjang cangkang siput gonggong yang ditemukan berkisar antara 18.18 s.d 77.49 mm yang terdiri atas 3 kelompok umur. Nilai panjang asymptotic (L∞), koefisien pertumbuhan (K) dan umur teoritis ketika panjang sama dengan nol (t0) adalah 83.94 mm, 0.79/tahun dan -0.152 secara berurutan. Pada tahun pertama siput gonggong mengalami pertumbuhan, mencapai 50.18 mm dan melambat ketika umur semakin tua hingga umur 13 tahun. Proporsi laju kematian tinggi terdapat pada umur 1 s.d 2 tahun dan 3 s.d 4 tahun atau pada individu dewasa, sedangkan nilai harapan hidup tertinggi terdapat pada kelompok umur 0-1 tahun atau individu muda. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa kematian tertinggi terdapat pada kelompok umur yang telah diambil oleh masyarakat untuk dikonsumsi dan dijual ke pasaran.

scholarly journals Data granularity in mid-year life table construction

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose M Pavia ◽  
Natalia Salazar ◽  
Josep Lledo
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Life Table ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Life Tables ◽  
Population Estimates ◽  
Substantial Influence ◽  
Pension Systems ◽  
Insurance Policies ◽  
Statistical Agencies ◽  
Data Granularity

Life tables have a substantial influence on both public pension systems andlife insurance policies. National statistical agencies construct life tables fromhypotheses death rate estimates to the (mx aggregated ), or death figures probabilities of demographic (q x ), after applying events (deaths, variousmigrations and births). The use of big data has become extensive acrossmany disciplines, including population statistics. We take advantage of thisfact to create new (more unrestricted) mortality estimators within the familyof period-based estimators, in particular, when the exposed-to-riskpopulation is computed through mid-year population estimates. We useactual data of the Spanish population to explore, by exploiting the detailedmicrodata of births, deaths and migrations (in total, more than 186 milliondemographic events), the effects that different assumptions have oncalculating death probabilities. We also analyse their impact on a sample ofinsurance product. Our results reveal the need to include granular data,including the exact birthdate of each person, when computing period mid-year life tables.

On the possible Methods of Dividing the Net Profits of a Mutual Life Assurance Company amongst the Members

1856 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 278-287
Author(s):  
Henry Wilbraham
Keyword(s):  
Life Table ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Life Tables ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Fixed Amount ◽  
Life Assurance ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
A Charge ◽  
Additional Charge ◽  
Stationary Period

The object of this paper is to give a brief exposition of the different possible methods or classes of methods of equitably dividing the net profits of a Mutual Life Assurance Office among the members. By an equitable division must be understood one which is fair not only between persons of different ages entering the Office at the same time, but also between persons entering the Office at different epochs of its existence,–one from which the members of different ages will, relatively to one another, receive the same benefit from the profits during the earlier and growing years of the Office, and during years when the amount of its business is declining, as during its stationary period. I assume the premiums actually paid to be composed of the net premium calculated from a correct life table, and of a charge of 25 per cent. on the net premium added to guard against unfavourable contingencies, and that this additional charge is really the source of all the profit divisible among the members; or at least, that whatever profits arise from any other source may be fairly apportioned in the same proportions as appear equitable on the supposition that the charge is the sole source of profits. The addition to the premiums for defraying the expenses of the Office, for the sake of simplicity, I leave out of account. In consideration of the payments of the successive net premiums, the assured is guaranteed a sum at death such that the present prospective value of that sum is equal to the present value of the successive net premiums. Similarly, in consideration of the successive charges on the premiums, he should have the prospect of receiving a sum or sums either at death or at any times before that; not guaranteed, it is true, to any fixed amount, but variable with the circumstances of the Society, such that the present value of such sums or bonuses shall be equal to the present value of the successive charges. That this equation between the present values ought to subsist is as clear in the case of the charges and bonuses as in that of the net premiums and sums assured. If the system of division of profits be such that this equation always subsist, it must be fair as respects each member; and any Office adopting a system in which it does not subsist is committing as great an injustice towards its members as one which calculates the premiums on false life tables.

The 1789 Life Table of Edward Wigglesworth

1971 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 570-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maris A. Vinovskis
Keyword(s):  
Life Table ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Aggregate Data ◽  
Early America ◽  
Demographic Analysis ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Family Reconstitution

Systematic demographic analysis of early America has been neglected until quite recently. As the interest in and need for demographic data on pre-1800 America have increased during the last five years, efforts have been made to remedy this situation.The most recent studies are utilizing such new techniques as family reconstitution to avoid the problems created by the lack of reliable census data and vital statistics. But these techniques yield results very slowly, and in any case their results are subject to methodological limitations that make it necessary to check them against larger aggregates. For these reasons we need to reexamine the usefulness and accuracy of earlier studies on colonial population that were based on aggregate data. Unfortunately, this latter task has not been adequately carried out during the recent burst of activity among demographers of early America.

scholarly journals Geographic Variation in 2010 U.S. Census Coverage Rates for Young Children: A Look at Counties

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
William P. O’Hare
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Decennial Census ◽  
Population Estimates ◽  
County Level ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Demographic Analysis ◽  
Hispanic Children ◽  
Know How ◽  
Coverage Rates

Data from the Census Bureau’s Demographic Analysis (DA) show there was a net undercount of almost one million children under age 5 in the 2010 Decennial Census. The net undercount for young children was more than twice as high as any other age group. Given the high net total undercount of young children it would be useful to know how this net undercount is distributed geographically. In this study, the 2010 Decennial Census county-level counts of children age 0 to 4 are compared to corresponding figures from the Census Bureau’s Vintage 2010 population estimates, to ascertain census coverage for young children. Results show that net undercount rates for young children are higher in larger counties and counties with high percentages of Black or Hispanic children but county growth rates do not seem to be related to net undercount rates for young children. Discussion explores how this information may be helpful in the 2020 Census.

scholarly journals Life Expectancy in Germany Based on the 2011 Census: Was the Healthy Migrant Effect Merely an Artefact?

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Zur Nieden ◽  
Bettina Sommer
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Life Table ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Life Tables ◽  
German Population ◽  
Healthy Migrant Effect ◽  
Foreign Population ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Do So

The Federal Statistical Office’s 2010/12 general life table is the first to provide results on life expectancy based on census data for reunified Germany. This article therefore examines the question of how the revisions of the population figures from the 2011 census affected the measured life expectancy. To do so, we analysed both the official life tables based on the old intercensal population updates before the census and those based on the population data from the 2011 census. The method used to calculate the census-adjusted 2010/12 general life table was also transferred to separate life tables drawn up for the German and the foreign population. In this way, findings on the so-called “healthy migrant effect” can be discussed, ruling out possible errors in the intercensal population updates. These errors had previously been cited as the main causes for a distinctly longer life expectancy among the foreign population compared with the German population. As expected, a census-based calculation for the total population and for the German population resulted in only minor revisions to the life expectancy figures. The use of the census results does, however, distinctly alter the life expectancy of foreign women and men. An advantage of over 5 years in life expectancy at birth, measured on the basis of the old population data, needs to be revised to about 2.9 years for men and 2.1 years for women based on the 2011 census. The healthy migrant effect therefore cannot be traced back solely to data artefacts from the old intercensal population updates – even with revised data, the foreign population shows marked survival advantages.

CROP LIFE TABLES AS A PEST MANAGEMENT TOOL

1970 ◽  
Vol 102 (8) ◽  
pp. 950-955 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Harcourt
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Life Table ◽  
Life Tables ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Crop Pests ◽  
Rational Management ◽  
Early Market

AbstractCohort life tables are seen to provide the basis for an analytic and insightful approach to the rational management of crop pests. A life table is presented for a typical planting of early market cabbage, and dx values appraised in the light of potential dollar revenues.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Extended and Short Methods in the Calculation of a Life Table for Males in London

1931 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-463
Author(s):  
K. C. K. Raja
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Worker ◽  
Life Table ◽  
Annual Report ◽  
County Council ◽  
Life Tables ◽  
Metropolitan Police ◽  
Registrar General ◽  
Public Health Worker ◽  
National Life

The last life table for the Administrative County of London was prepared by Mr King from the census population of 1911 and the deaths in 1910, 1911, 1912, and published in Part I of the Supplement to the 75th Annual Report of the Registrar-General, 1914. The national life tables (No. 9), prepared by Sir Alfred Watson after the census of 1921, included one for “Greater London,” the boundaries of which extend considerably beyond the County Council area and enclose the range of jurisdiction of the Metropolitan Police, so that this table is not geographically comparable with Mr King's 1911 table. The object of the present study was a comparison between the extended method of Mr King and the shorter ones of Drs Brownlee and Snow, to see whether the methods gave comparable results as regards the expectation of life, the question with which the public health worker is mainly concerned. As an example I selected the County of London (census population for 1921, deaths in 1920, 1921, and 1922) as affording, at the same time, an opportunity of making a table comparable with that which Mr King prepared for 1911. Drs Brownlee and Snow have already shown that their methods gave very satisfactory results as judged by the older life tables of this country. This paper will show that similar results have, in the main, been obtained as regards the 1921 experience.

scholarly journals Hierarchical multistate models from population data: An application to parity statuses

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Schoen
Keyword(s):  
Life Table ◽  
Hierarchical Models ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Demographic Analysis ◽  
Multistate Models ◽  
American Women ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
The Past

Hierarchical models are characterized by having N living states connected by N–1 rates of transfer. Demographic measures for such models can be calculated directly from counts of the number of persons in each state at two nearby points in time. Exploiting the ability of population stocks to determine the flows in hierarchical models expands the range of demographic analysis. The value of such analyses is illustrated by an application to childbearing, where the states of interest reflect the number of children a woman has born. Using Census data on the distribution of women by age and parity, a parity status life table for U.S. Women, 2005-2010, is constructed. That analysis shows that nearly a quarter of American women are likely to remain childless, with a 0-3 child pattern replacing the 2-4 child pattern of the past.

Socio-economic and Demographic Analysis of International Migration from Rural Punjab: A Case Study of Patiala District

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-67
Keyword(s):  
International Migration ◽  
Brain Drain ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Secondary Level ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Demographic Analysis ◽  
Demographic Dividend ◽  
The People

Based on the primary data covering the period 1951-2019, the study highlights the problems of Brain Drain, Capital Drain, and Loss of Demographic Dividend. As many as 96.62 percent of the people migrated from the age group of 15 to 45 years. Most of the youngsters were migrating just after completing secondary level education. Unemployment, desire to earn more, better living conditions and good administration at the destination, and peer pressure were the main reasons for the migration of the people from rural Punjab. Two-thirds of the migrants sent no remittances to their families. Due to the high cost of migration and low remittances, two-thirds of the households were under debt.

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