scholarly journals Assessment of the Constancy of Performance of Cementitious Adhesives for Ceramic Tiles: Analysis of the Test Results Commissioned by Polish Market Surveillance Authorities

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 6561
Author(s):  
Mateusz Łukasik ◽  
Bartosz Michałowski ◽  
Jacek Michalak
Keyword(s):  
Adhesion Strength ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Ceramic Tiles ◽  
Market Surveillance ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Open Time ◽  
Construction Supervision ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Rule Method ◽  
Tensile Adhesion

Assessment and verification of constancy of performance (AVCP) is a complex process. Without it, the manufacturer cannot mark the product with the Conformitè Europëenne (CE) marking and place it on the EU market. The verification of the correctness of the AVCP is carried out by market surveillance. In Poland, supervision authorities regularly check manufacturers by collecting construction products that exist on the market for inspection. Among the dry-mix mortars, adhesives for ceramic tiles (CTA) constitute an essential group. The requirements for CTAs are specified in EN 12004. According to the standard, the basic characteristics of cementitious CTAs are tensile adhesion strength and open time. The adhesion measurements are performed after various laboratory conditions tests. The study analyzes the results obtained for 129 samples of cementitious CTAs, collected between the years 2016 and 2019 from the market, and tested in notified laboratories at the request of Polish construction supervision authorities. Many tested products did not meet the threshold values, which resulted in removing them from the market. The paper discusses the complexity of the tensile adhesion strength measurement. The obtained test results are considered in various dimensions, including using the simple acceptance rule method when evaluating the results, which does not consider the measurement uncertainty.

Effect of the Conservation Treatment of Historical Ceramic Tiles on the Tensile Adhesion Strength

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-250
Author(s):  
Ariana Russo ◽  
Maria Rosário Veiga ◽  
Maria Fátima Vaz ◽  
Ana Paula Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Adhesion Strength ◽  
Ceramic Tiles ◽  
Conservation Treatment ◽  
Tensile Adhesion

scholarly journals Interlaboratory Comparison as a Source of Information for the Product Evaluation Process. Case Study of Ceramic Tiles Adhesives

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 253
Author(s):  
Cristina Stancu ◽  
Jacek Michalak
Keyword(s):  
Adhesion Strength ◽  
Interlaboratory Comparison ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Product Evaluation ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Ceramic Tiles ◽  
Score Analysis ◽  
Constant Quality ◽  
Tensile Adhesion

In this study, the results obtained by 19 laboratories participating in 2 editions of the interlaboratory comparison (ILC) determining 2 properties of ceramic tiles adhesives (CTAs), i.e., initial tensile adhesion strength and tensile adhesion strength after water immersion following EN 12004, were analyzed. The results show that participating laboratories maintain a constant quality of their work. The use of z-score analysis, under ISO 13528, allows for classifying 89.5% to 100% of laboratories as satisfactory, depending on the measurement’s kind and edition. The remaining laboratories are classified as questionable. The investigation of the predominant mode of failure of the CTA’s samples tested in the two editions shows significant differences. From the perspective of laboratories, the goal of the ILC has been achieved. From the standpoint of a manufacturer who evaluates a product’s properties when placing it on the market, the results indicate the necessity of a particular treatment of the product evaluation process because the variability of the obtained results is significant. It increases the possibility of the product failing to meet the assessment criteria verified by the construction market supervision authorities. The manufacturer must consider all possible variations in the risk analysis, including the ILC results, to improve the assessment process of CTAs.

Effect of styrene–butadiene–styrene content on the adhesion properties of bitumen before and after heat aging

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 454-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Zieliński
Keyword(s):  
Adhesion Strength ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Adhesion Properties ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Styrene Content ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Styrene Butadiene ◽  
Steel Substrates ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

This article describes the effect of heat aging and styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) content in bitumen on the adhesion properties of mastics (bitumen-filler mix) to concrete and steel substrates. Test results showed that the adhesion strength of bituminous mastics to concrete and steel substrates decreased as the SBS content increased. Bitumen types modified with 9%–12% of SBS, commonly used in waterproofing materials, showed an approximately three times weaker bond with concrete and steel substrates than the nonmodified equivalents. Results also showed that after heat aging, the adhesion strength of the nonmodified bitumen was always higher than that of the unheated bitumen modified with 9%–12% of SBS.

scholarly journals Study on the influence of test solution concentration on the chemical corrosion resistance of ceramic tiles

2020 ◽  
Vol 185 ◽  
pp. 04042
Author(s):  
Tao Tian ◽  
Shanyu Liu ◽  
Rong Wang ◽  
Ying Lei ◽  
Changlin Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Resistance ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Test Solution ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Ceramic Tiles ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Chemical Corrosion ◽  
Base Solution ◽  
Improvement Measures ◽  
Chemical Corrosion Resistance

Chemical resistance is one of the important evaluation factors of ceramic tiles. This article describes the method for determining the chemical resistance of ceramic tiles, and discusses the influence of acid-base solution concentration on the test results during the experiment, and proposes corresponding improvement measures.

Rehabilitation of Concrete Surfaces of Hydropower Engineering Structures Deteriorated by Soft Corrosion and Cavitation

2013 ◽  
Vol 688 ◽  
pp. 107-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergii Guzii ◽  
Rudolf Hela ◽  
Volodymyr Kyrychok
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Adhesion Strength ◽  
Protective Coating ◽  
Mix Design ◽  
Proper Choice ◽  
Engineering Structures ◽  
High Adhesion ◽  
Hydropower Engineering ◽  
Basic Characteristics

This paper covers the results of study of the reasons explaining why soft corrosion and cavitation-induced erosion take place on the surfaces of the hydropower engineering structures made from concrete. The study suggested defining basic characteristics related to a proper choice of mix design of the alkaline aluminosilicate coatings in terms of high adhesion, strength and resistance of the protective coating to exposure of water flow. The results of study showed that during a period under review (6 months) the developed coatings had a coefficient of resistance from 1.03 to 1.09 and could provide a reliable protection of the concrete from being leached.

scholarly journals Achieving Sustainability in the Construction Supervision Process

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Svetlana Mjakuškina ◽  
Maija Kavosa ◽  
Inga Lapiņa
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Literature Survey ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Building Construction ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Public Building ◽  
Market Surveillance ◽  
Supervision Process ◽  
Construction Supervision ◽  
The Government

In recent years, the construction industry faced major challenges in ensuring a balance between environmental, economic, and social aspects. There are a lot of different studies on different aspects of the construction industry. Most of the available studies look at the construction supervision process mainly from the constructor’s point of view. However, there is little research on the market surveillance and supervision process performed by the government and its role in ensuring sustainability in a particular area. The aim of this study was to identify the main activities within the construction supervision process to achieve the sustainability of construction. The theoretical framework of the concept of sustainability in construction and in the activities of the supervision process was analyzed on the basis of a literature survey. The research revealed a connection between sustainability elements and the construction supervision activities. The results of the survey identified the most important factors that influence, negatively as well as positively, the achievements of sustainability in the supervision process. The research results are significant in order to create a construction supervision process which would not only ensure the compliance with the set requirements but also help achieve sustainability in the particular area. Research Limitations/Implications: Research is focused on the supervision process of public building construction in Latvia.

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation of Adhesion Failure between Waterproof Coatings and Terrace Tiles under Usage Loads

Buildings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Barbara Francke ◽  
Artur Piekarczuk
Keyword(s):  
Adhesive Layer ◽  
Ceramic Tiles ◽  
Applied Water ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Adhesive Layers ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Adhesion Failure ◽  
Functional Factors ◽  
Tensile Adhesion ◽  
The Impact

This paper analyses the mechanism of the loss of functional properties of water-impermeable products used under ceramic tiles bonded with adhesives. Recorded damages were caused by selected ageing factors and were measured by the loss of adhesion of individual layers of the set. The analyzed phenomenon is found mainly on terraces and balconies located in a mid-European transitional climate, i.e., exposed to temperatures passing through 0 °C for three seasons a year. The tests reflected the action of three main functional factors, i.e., temperatures, water and freeze/thaw cycles. Tested waterproof coatings were grouped into three types, i.e., dispersion, cementitious and reaction resin-based products. Research kits consisted of liquid-applied water-impermeable products laid on a concrete substrate, adhesives and tiles. Comparing the effects of the action of the above-mentioned ageing factors revealed that water has the greatest impact on the reduction of the tensile adhesion strength of such sets. The adhesion of waterproof coatings to the concrete substrate showed higher values than the adhesion between the waterproof coating and the tile adhesive layers, regardless of the coating material. Both for samples not exposed to ageing factors, and for those exposed to such impacts, failure usually occurred in the adhesive layer or between the tile adhesive and the waterproof coating, without damaging the waterproof layer. The loss of adhesion of finishing layers to the substrate was not accompanied by a loss of tightness of the waterproof coating. The impact of negative water ageing was particularly destructive on the adhesion of cement-based tile adhesives to waterproof coatings made of polymer with a water dispersion of absorbability above 7% (V/V). There was no correlation among the results of adhesion of the finishing layers to the waterproofing layer after the action of the three ageing factors, i.e., water contact, elevated temperature and freeze/thaw cycles.

High Pressure Test Results of a Catalytically Assisted Ceramic Combustor for a Gas Turbine

1999 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 422-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Ozawa ◽  
Y. Tochihara ◽  
N. Mori ◽  
I. Yuri ◽  
T. Kanazawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Catalytic Combustion ◽  
Ceramic Fiber ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
Mechanical Shock ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Ceramic Tiles ◽  
Combustion Gas ◽  
Ceramic Liner

A catalytically assisted ceramic combustor for a gas turbine was designed to achieve low NOx emission under 5 ppm at a combustor outlet temperature over 1300°C. This combustor is composed of a burner system and a ceramic liner behind the burner system. The burner system consists of 6 catalytic combustor segments and 6 premixing nozzles, which are arranged in parallel and alternately. The ceramic liner is made up of the layer of outer metal wall, ceramic fiber, and inner ceramic tiles. Fuel flow rates for the catalysts and the premixing nozzles are controlled independently. Catalytic combustion temperature is controlled under 1000°C, premixed gas is injected from the premixing nozzles to the catalytic combustion gas and lean premixed combustion over 1300°C is carried out in the ceramic liner. This system was designed to avoid catalytic deactivation at high temperature and thermal and mechanical shock fracture of the honeycomb monolith of the catalyst. A combustor for a 10 MW class, multican type gas turbine was tested under high pressure conditions using LNG fuel. Measurements of emission, temperature, etc. were made to evaluate combustor performance under various combustion temperatures and pressures. This paper presents the design features and the test results of this combustor.

Experimental Study on the Static and Dynamic Characteristics of Screw Grooved Seals

1988 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kanki ◽  
T. Kawakami
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Characteristics ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Static And Dynamic Characteristics ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Annular Seals

Screw grooved annular seals are used in many heavy duty pumps such as boiler feed pumps. These annular seals have a significant effect on rotordynamic characteristics of the pumps. Studies on the dynamic characteristics of plain and circumferentially grooved annular seals have been published by many researchers. However, published works on screw grooved seals are few, and pump designers have not fully recognized the basic characteristics of screw grooved seals. Extensive experimental studies have been conducted for determining the basic characteristics of screw grooved seals. The leakage characteristics, load capacity, and dynamic characteristics for rotordynamic analysis were determined by using a specially designed test facility and test method. The test results were compared to the results of plain seals [3] and the basic differences were extracted for effective application of screw grooved seals.

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