Evaluation of propane explosion with applied water mist

This article discusses the overpressure of a gas explosion and the performance of applying water mist for explosion suppression. According to the experimental results, the larger the opening area, the more difficult it is for pressure to accumulate, resulting in lower overpressure of a gas explosion. When the opening was opened under a high air speed environment, the amount of entrained air was greater. Consequently, the occurrence time of the explosion was shorter than at a low air speed. Despite the water mist nozzle being installed outside the enclosure, a propane gas explosion still occurred regardless of the amount of water mist used, failing to suppress the explosion. However, the water mist nozzle installed inside the enclosure supplied an adequate amount of water mist that could wash a part of the propane, resulting in the fuel concentration dropping below the lower explosion limit, hindering the occurrence of an explosion.

Effects of Different Nitrogen Fertilizers and Humic Acid On Wheat Crop Irrigated With Different Water Regime Using 15N

A field experiment was conducted to observe effects of water requirements and different fertilizers on wheat crop’s yield, production and N uptake. Data showed that dry matter yield of wheat grain was higher with Hu + AS (5.82 mt/ha) compared with applied water 100% ETC. Concerning the rate of water regime, the best significant grain yield of wheat was obtained with 100% ETc (4.23 mt/ha). Nitrogen derived from fertilizer Ndff% with 50% ETC of water was 28.41 and 27.28% for grain and straw, respectively. At 100% ETC of water the Ndff% was 30.16 and 27.75% for grain and straw, respectively. Nitrogen utilized by grains and straw was more efficient under treatment Hu + AS combined with 50% Etc, 100% Etc recording 15.6 and 32.23%, respectively. At 50% ETC of water requirements for wheat crop, higher N remained in 0 - 15, 15 - 30 and 30 - 45 cm soil depth were nearly closed to each other compared with the treatment made at 100% ETC of water requirements. Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(2): 261-267, 2021 (June)

POS0844 EFFECTS OF SERIAL LOCALLY APPLIED WATER-FILTERED INFRARED A RADIATION IN PATIENTS WITH SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS WITH SEVERE RAYNAUD’S SYNDROME RECEIVING PROSTAGLANDINE TREATMENT – A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL

Background:More than 95% of patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) suffer from Raynaud’s syndrome (RS) leading to digital ulcerations (DU). In severe RS, intravenous application of prostaglandins is required. Moreover, these patients profit from an additional non-pharmacological treatment using hyperthermia to increase vasodilatation and perfusion, and to reduce pain.Serial locally applied water-filtered infrared A radiation (sl-wIRAR) is a hyperthermia treatment modality using infrared heat radiation in the range of 780-1400nm with high tissue penetration and low thermal load on the skin surface [1]. wIRAR has both, temperature-dependent and non-dependent effects, which do not inherit thermal energy transfer and/or relevant temperature changes [1]. It is therefore not only used in acute and chronic wound healing as it promotes perfusion, alleviates pain and has anti-infectious effects [2], but is also used in oncology [3] and rheumatology [4].Objectives:We conducted a randomized controlled trial with a follow-up visit after 2 weeks to evaluate the value of a high-frequent hyperthermia treatment using sl-wIRAR in comparison to a low-frequent hyperthermia treatment (our standard) in SSc patients with severe RS receiving Iloprost treatment.Methods:Eligible patients had SSc according to the 2013 ACR/EULAR classification criteria, were 18 to 80 years old and had RS requiring treatment with Iloprost in an in-patient setting. Key exclusion criteria were contraindications to any hyperthermia treatment such as infection or heat insensitivity. The trial was conducted at Campus Kerckhoff of Justus-Liebig University Giessen. Eligible patients were equally randomized to the intervention group (IG) receiving additional sl-wIRAR treatment (2 treatments for 30 min per day for 8 days) plus the standard of care (Iloprost treatment over 8 days plus daily carbon dioxide hand baths of 20 min) and the control group (CG) receiving only the standard of care. Primary outcome was the between-group difference in pain measured on a numeric rating scale (NRS) after intervention. Key secondary outcomes included a change in RS frequency, RS duration, and a change in Interleukin (IL) -6 and VEGF levels.Results:From 01.03.2020 to 31.12.2020 49 SSc patients met the inclusion criteria. 42 patients were enrolled (IG: 21, CG: 21). 38 patients (IG:19, CG: 19) completed the full trial period and were analyzed. There was no statistically significant between-group difference in pain levels (NRS) (p=0.284, Z -1.082 (Mann-Whitney U Test)) and thus the primary outcome was not met. Therefore, all p values for secondary outcomes are nominal. Intensity (Visual analogue scale 0-100mm) and duration (min) of RS were reduced in the IG (mean ± standard error) -14.579 ± 7.214 mm (p=0.058) and -2.917 ± 1.510 min (p=0.08), respectively. Intra- and inter-group comparison of IL-6 and VEGF levels showed no relevant change.Conclusion:The additive and frequent use of sl-wIRAR in the treatment of SSc patients with RS requiring Iloprost treatment does not improve outcomes regarding pain levels, RS intensity or frequency nor IL-6 and VEGF levels when compared to Iloprost treatment and low-frequent hyperthermia application.References:[1]Hoffmann G. Clinical applications of water-filtered infrared-A (wIRA) – a review. Phys Med Rehab Kuror. 2017;27(05):265–274.[2]Hoffmann G, Harte M, Mercer JB. Heat for wounds – water-fil- tered infrared-a (wIRA) for wound healing – a review. GMS Ger Med Sci. 2016;14:Doc08.[3]Notter M, Thomsen AR, Nitsche M, et al. Combined wIRA-hyperthermia and hypofractionated re-irradiation in the treatment of locally recurrent breast cancer: evaluation of therapeutic outcome based on a novel size classification. Cancers (Basel). 2020;12(3): 606.[4]Klemm P, Eichelmann M, Aykara I et al. Serial locally applied water-filtered infrared a radiation in axial spondyloarthritis – a randomized controlled trial, International Journal of Hyperthermia, 37:1, 965-970.Acknowledgements:We acknowledge the help of Carina Schreiyäck.This study was in part supported by the Dr. med. h.c. Erwin Braun Foundation, Basel, a charitable, nonprofit Swiss scientific foundation approved by the Swiss Federal Administration. The foundation supports clinical investigation of waterfiltered infrared-A. The foundation was not involved in any content- or decision-related aspect of the study.This study was prospectively registered at www.drks.de (German Registry of Clinical Studies): DRKS00021098Disclosure of Interests:None declared

MORPHOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZES RESPONSES OF MORINGA OLEIFERA YIELD TO LOCALIZED IRRIGATION SYSTEMS, WATER RESTRICTION AND FERTILIZERS

This investigation of both of irrigation system, water restriction and soil conditioners on Morengaoleifera, (surface drip irrigation, D, buried drip, BD and mini-sprinkler, MS), as well for irrigating a magic crop like Morenga (Morengaoleifera) plants. Also, this work includes different irrigation water restriction which represent two three treatments (100, 80 and 60% of calculated applied water, W1, W2 and W3 respectivly), more over threes soil conditioners (Compost, C, Farm manure, FM, Mud, M). The experiment was carried out inShalatien where it lies in the east-west of the Red sea in Egypt. Surface evaporation in this area has a paramount importance because of its aridity hot climate under the circumstances of saline irrigation water usage. The objective of the present work is to study the influences of irrigation system, water restrictions and soil conditioners onmorphological and chemical characterizes of Moringa, for that,the following measurements are taken Trunk Diameter, Pods Tree Quantity, Seeds Yields (g) per tree, Weight per 1000 seeds (g), oil yields per tree (g), oil Yields per/ Acer (kg), chlorophyll A- B, total chlorophyll, carotenoids, Total carbohydrates, vitamin C,Nitrogen, Calcium, Fe and zinc content of Moringaoleifera plants in addition to Water use efficiency, cost analysis, energy analysis in two studied seasons, (2017-2018/2018-2019). Results show that the most positive influence of irrigation is buried irrigation, drip irrigation and mini-sprinkler respectively, due to the saved water from losses by evaporation under drought conditions. And the most positive influence of water restrictions treatments is 100, 80 and 60% respectively, but the in many measurements the differences between both of 100 and 80% of applied water is not significant, so its more economical to approve 80% of applied water under buried drip irrigation, which means about 20% of applied water can be save.

Application of Fractions of Crop Evapotranspiration Affects Carbon Partitioning of Grapevine Differentially in a Hot Climate

Majority of viticulture regions are located in mid-latitudes characterized by weather variability and stressful environments relying on irrigation for mitigating environmental stress during the growing season and to ensure a profitable yield. The aim of this study was to characterize the response of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon) to different applied water amounts based on the replacement of fractions of crop evapotranspiration (ETc) during two growing seasons with contrasting precipitation patterns. The experiment consisted of three irrigation treatments based on the weekly replacement of 25, 50, and 100% of ETc. Grapevine stem water potential decreased during the growing season reaching its lowest value (-1.5 and -1.2 MPa, respectively) at harvest in the more stressed vines (25 and 50% ETc). Leaf gas exchange variables were measured during the two seasons and 100% ETc had the highest rates of photosynthesis and stomatal conductance and better instantaneous water use efficiency, also resulting in higher leaf chlorophyll and carotenoid content. Mineral nutrient content for nitrogen and potassium increased linearly with the increase in applied water. At harvest, no differences were observed in the number of clusters per vine; however, the 25% ETc had the lowest berry size and yield per vine with no difference in sugar content of berry. Conversely, sugar allocation to reserve organs was highly affected by applied water leading to different shoot to root biomass partitioning, where shoot:root ratio, leaf non-structural carbohydrates, and photosynthetic pigments increased with greater applied water. Likewise sucrose:N ratio and root non-structural carbohydrates decreased with the lower applied water. Altogether, carbon allocation between the source and sink organs likely controlled the response of grapevines to water deficits in a hot climate, and replacing 50% ETc was sufficient to sustain the grapevine performance given the enhancement of sugar transport, which could slow down the detrimental effect of water deficits on yield.