scholarly journals Increasing the Tensile Strength of 3d printed Poly lactic Acid (PLA) Using Design of Experiments (DOE)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Nozzle Temperature ◽  
Plastic Parts ◽  
Printing Speed

Experimental design has been used to determine outlying factors that affect tensile strength of fused deposition modelling 3D printed PLA parts. A two level, three factor full factorial experiments were utilized to determine the best combination of factors that yielded the highest tensile strength of PLA tensile dog bones manufactured in accordance with ASTM D638-14. PLA is particularly desirable due to its environmental friendliness, biodegradability, low cost, and low melting point, allowing it to be built on a non-heated platform without risk of toxic fumes. Increasing the tensile strength of PLA will allow PLA to be used in a wider range of applications that demand stronger plastic parts. The chosen factors were infill percentage, nozzle temperature, and printing speed. The tensile strength was affected by all factors and combinations except for high levels of infill percentage, nozzle temperature, and printing speed combined.

OPTIMALISASI KEKUATAN BENDING HASIL 3D PRINTING MENGGUNAKAN METODE RESPONSE SURFACE PADA FILAMEN PLA (POLY LACTIC ACID)

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 58-66
Author(s):  
Dira Nurfaedah ◽  
Rifelino Rifelino ◽  
Purwantono Purwantono ◽  
Febri Prasetya
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Shell Thickness ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Nozzle Temperature ◽  
Deposition Angle

Akhir-akhir ini teknologi baru sudah mengembangkan produksi banyak meragup keuntungan untuk yang membutuhkan teknologi past prototype. Printer 3D merupakan teknologi past prototyping yang salah satu jenisnya ialah FDM (Fused Deposition Modelling) yang terkenal dan terjangkau. PLA memiliki karakteristik transparan, bersifat kaku, berbentuk butiran, memiliki ketahanan terhadap kelembapan serta polimer yang elastis. Pada PLA nozzle temperature dan layer thickness berpengaruh terhadap keelastisitas produk. pengaruh ketebalan lapisan cetak, shell thickness mendapatkan parameter paling mendominasi pada respon tensile strength. Akan tetapi dalam hal flexural strength dari bahan PLA, parameter ketebalan lapis, deposition angle, dan pola infil, dikonfimasi ketebalan lapis yang sangat memberikan pengaruh pada bending strength bahan. Metode permukaan respon merupakan sekumpulan statistika serta kalkulasi teknik dimana berfungsi meningkatkan serta memaksimalkan proses, yang mana banyak parameter bebas mempengaruhi variabel respon. Kekuatan bending tertinggi berada pada parameter layer thickness 0.3 mm, nozzle temperature 205oC, dan infill percentage 30% dengan 71.605 MPa. Pada penelitian ini variabel layer thickness sangat berpengaruh terhadap kekuatan bending, nozzle temperature dan infill percentage tidak terlalu berpengaruh terhadap kekuatan bending. Dalam penentuan nilai optimum berdasarkan hasil analisis varian model orde 2 dengan redidual identik menyebar secara acak dan titik residual mendekati garis diagonal untuk uji kenormalan yang berarti memiliki kontribusi terhadap model. Nilai optimum dari variabel bebas menghasilkan nilai bending strength optimal yaitu 0.3 mm untuk layer thickness, 208,18oC untuk nozzle temperature dan 30% untuk infill percentage dengan bending strength yang paling optimal adalah 72,0443 MPa.

scholarly journals Tensile Mechanical Behaviour of Multi-Polymer Sandwich Structures via Fused Deposition Modelling

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 651 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Moises Baca Lopez ◽  
Rafiq Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Homogeneous Materials ◽  
Flexural Tests ◽  
High Level

The application of single homogeneous materials produced through the fused deposition modelling (FDM) technology restricts the production of high-level multi-material components. The fabrication of a sandwich-structured specimen with different material combinations using conventional thermoplastics such as poly (lactic acid) (PLA), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and high impact polystyrene (HIPS) through the filament-based extrusion process can demonstrate an improvement on its properties. This paper aims to assess among these materials, the best material sandwich-structured arrangement design, to enhance the mechanical properties of a part and to compare the results with the homogeneous materials selected. The samples were subjected to tensile testing to identify the tensile strength, elongation at break and Young’s modulus of each material combination. The experimental results demonstrate that applying the PLA-ABS-PLA sandwich arrangement leads to the best mechanical properties between these materials. This study enables users to consider sandwich structure designs as an alternative to manufacturing multi-material components using conventional and low-cost materials. Future work will consider the flexural tests to identify the maximum stresses and bending forces under pressure.

scholarly journals Tribology behaviour investigation of 3D printed polymers

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-181
Author(s):  
Muammel M. Hanon ◽  
Márk Kovács ◽  
László Zsidai
Keyword(s):  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Tribological Behaviour ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Motion System ◽  
Friction Factors ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
The Difference

3D printing of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) and Poly Lactic Acid (PLA) were used to prepare specimens utilising fused deposition modelling (FDM) technology. Two colours of PLA filament were printed; white and grey, whereas ABS only in white colour. Determining the tribological properties of 3D printed samples have been carried out, through obtaining the frictional features of different 3D printable filaments. Alternating-motion system employed for measuring the tribological factors. Studying the difference between static and dynamic friction factors and the examination of wear values were included. A comparison among the tribological behaviour of the 3D printed polymers has been investigated. The printed white ABS and PLA specimens show insignificant differences in the results tendency. On the contrary, the grey PLA exhibits a considerable variation due to the incredible growth in the coefficient of friction and wear average as well.

Anisotropy Evaluation of Different Raster Directions, Spatial Orientations, and Fill Percentage of 3D Printed PETG Tensile Test Specimens

2019 ◽  
Vol 821 ◽  
pp. 167-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muammel M. Hanon ◽  
Róbert Marczis ◽  
László Zsidai
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Tensile Test ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Know How ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Test Pieces ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Fill Percentage

In this paper, the mechanical properties of Polyethylene terephthalate-glycol (PETG) tensile test specimens have been investigated. The test pieces were prepared using fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printing technology. Three print settings were examined which are: raster direction angles, print orientations, and infill percentage and patterns in order to evaluate the anisotropy of objects when employing FDM print method. The variations in stress-strain curves, tensile strength values and elongation at break among the tested samples were studied and compared. Illustration for the broken specimens after the tensile test was accomplished to know how the test pieces printed with various parameters were fractured. A comparison with some previous results regarding the elongation at break has been carried out.

scholarly journals Representative Volume Element (RVE) Analysis for Mechanical Characterization of Fused Deposition Modeled Components

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 3555
Author(s):  
Patrich Ferretti ◽  
Gian Maria Santi ◽  
Christian Leon-Cardenas ◽  
Elena Fusari ◽  
Giampiero Donnici ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Representative Volume Element ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Volume Element ◽  
Additive Manufacture ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Structural Element ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Representative Volume ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
3D Printed

Additive manufacturing processes have evolved considerably in the past years, growing into a wide range of products through the use of different materials depending on its application sectors. Nevertheless, the fused deposition modelling (FDM) technique has proven to be an economically feasible process turning additive manufacture technologies from consumer production into a mainstream manufacturing technique. Current advances in the finite element method (FEM) and the computer-aided engineering (CAE) technology are unable to study three-dimensional (3D) printed models, since the final result is highly dependent on processing and environment parameters. Because of that, an in-depth understanding of the printed geometrical mesostructure is needed to extend FEM applications. This study aims to generate a homogeneous structural element that accurately represents the behavior of FDM-processed materials, by means of a representative volume element (RVE). The homogenization summarizes the main mechanical characteristics of the actual 3D printed structure, opening new analysis and optimization procedures. Moreover, the linear RVE results can be used to further analyze the in-deep behavior of the FDM unit cell. Therefore, industries could perform a feasible engineering analysis of the final printed elements, allowing the FDM technology to become a mainstream, low-cost manufacturing process in the near future.

scholarly journals Influence of PLA Filament Conditions on Characteristics of FDM Parts

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Valerga ◽  
Moisés Batista ◽  
Jorge Salguero ◽  
Frank Girot
Keyword(s):  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Environmental Humidity ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Additive manufacturing technologies play an important role in Industry 4.0. One of the most prevalent processes is fused deposition modelling (FDM) due to its versatility and low cost. However, there is still a lack of standardization of materials and procedures within this technology. This work aims to study the relationship of certain operating parameters and the conditions of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) polymer with the results of the manufactured parts in dimensional terms, surface quality, and mechanical strength. In this way, the impact of some material characteristics is analyzed, such as the pigmentation of the material and the environmental humidity where it has been stored. The manufacturing parameter that relates to these properties has been the extrusion temperature since it is the most influential in this technology. The results are quite affected especially by humidity, being a parameter little studied in the literature.

scholarly journals Effects of In-Process Temperatures and Blending Polymers on Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Blends

Inventions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Muhammad Harris ◽  
Johan Potgieter ◽  
Hammad Mohsin ◽  
Karnika De Silva ◽  
Marie-Joo Le Guen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
High Thermal Resistance ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
First Time ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) is a renowned commodity polymer for additive manufacturing, particularly fused deposition modelling (FDM). The recent large-scale applications of 3D-printed ABS require stable mechanical properties than ever needed. However, thermochemical scission of butadiene bonds is one of the contemporary challenges affecting the overall ABS stability. In this regard, literature reports melt-blending of ABS with different polymers with high thermal resistance. However, the comparison for the effects of different polymers on tensile strength of 3D-printed ABS blends was not yet reported. Furthermore, the cumulative studies comprising both blended polymers and in-process thermal variables for FDM were not yet presented as well. This research, for the first time, presents the statistical comparison of tensile properties for the added polymers and in-process thermal variables (printing temperature and build surface temperature). The research presents Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to explain the thermochemical reasons behind achieved mechanical properties. Overall, ABS blend with PP shows high tensile strength (≈31 MPa) at different combinations of in-process parameters. Furthermore, some commonalities among both blends are noted, i.e., the tensile strength improves with increase of surface (bed) and printing temperature.

scholarly journals Friction Behavior of 3D-printed Polymeric Materials Used in Sliding Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 176-185
Author(s):  
Georgiana Chisiu ◽  
Nicolae-Alexandru Stoica ◽  
Alina-Maria Stoica
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Longitudinal Direction ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Friction Behavior ◽  
Speed Increase ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Printing Direction

Recently, 3D-printed polymeric materials have been successfully replacing the usual ones especially used in sliding systems like couplings. Among the polymeric materials, Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) and Poly Lactic Acid (PLA) can be the competitive materials in such application after 3D-printing. In this study, 3D printing was used to produce samples from ABS and PLA via fused deposition modelling (FDM) technology. Then friction behavior of 3D-printed samples was investigated depending on printing orientation of the samples. Ultra High Molecular Polyethylene Weight (UHMWPE), as a well-known industrial polymer, was also used for comparing the friction behavior of 3D-printed ABS and PLA polymers. Friction tests were conducted using a pin-on-plate type tribometer according to ASTM G133 under different applied loads and sliding speeds at room temperature. It was found that printing orientation of all ABS and PLA samples has a considerable effect on their friction behavior. Transverse direction (T.D) of the 3D-printed samples shows higher coefficient of friction (COF) values than the longitudinal direction under all applied loads and sliding speeds. On the other hand, COF values obtained in both 3D-printed samples increase as the load and speed increase regardless of the printing direction. When both 3D-printed materials are compared, PLA samples exhibit lower COF values than ABS samples in both printing directions and under all loads and speeds. However, the UHMWPE sample produced with traditional method shows much lower COF values and stable change in friction behavior under all conditions compared to 3D-printed PLA and ABS samples.

scholarly journals Study on Efficient Fused Deposition Modelling of Thermoplastic Polyurethane Inflatable Wall Features for Airtightness

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mo Chen ◽  
Qinglei Ji ◽  
Xiran Zhang ◽  
Lei Feng ◽  
Xi Vincent Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Thermoplastic Polyurethane ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Hard Materials ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Product Features ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Printing Time ◽  
Bottom Frame ◽  
Printing Speed

The thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) material is an elastomer that can be used for inflatable products. Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is a widely used additive manufacturing process for TPU material due to the capability of generating complex structures with low cost. However, TPU is soft and thus difficult to be extruded as continuously and uniformly as hard materials such as polylactide by FDM. Inappropriate extruder structure and speed settings can lead to filament buckling problem, resulting in poor material filling quality, long printing time and low printing success rate. This paper aims at improving the FDM printing efficiency of TPU inflatable products by adding lateral support to the filament and finding out the appropriate speed ranges for different wall features and thicknesses. Firstly, a filament guide sheet is designed as being inserted into the gap between the drive gears and the bottom frame of the gear chamber in order to prevent the soft TPU filament from buckling. Secondly, inflatable product wall features are classified into floors, roofs and sidewalls and experiment for finding the relationship between printing speed and airtightness is carried out. In order to verify the proposed solution, wall features are printed and the material fillings obtained under different printing speeds are compared by measuring the airtightness of the wall features. Results show that the proposed filament guide sheet mitigates filament buckling, and the speed range that meets the airtightness requirement can be found for various wall features and thicknesses. In summary, the sealing of the filament feeding channel between the drive gears and the nozzle, as well as the speed optimisation according to product features, are essential for the efficient printing of TPU inflatable products.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document