scholarly journals Study on Efficient Fused Deposition Modelling of Thermoplastic Polyurethane Inflatable Wall Features for Airtightness

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mo Chen ◽  
Qinglei Ji ◽  
Xiran Zhang ◽  
Lei Feng ◽  
Xi Vincent Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Thermoplastic Polyurethane ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Hard Materials ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Product Features ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Printing Time ◽  
Bottom Frame ◽  
Printing Speed

The thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) material is an elastomer that can be used for inflatable products. Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is a widely used additive manufacturing process for TPU material due to the capability of generating complex structures with low cost. However, TPU is soft and thus difficult to be extruded as continuously and uniformly as hard materials such as polylactide by FDM. Inappropriate extruder structure and speed settings can lead to filament buckling problem, resulting in poor material filling quality, long printing time and low printing success rate. This paper aims at improving the FDM printing efficiency of TPU inflatable products by adding lateral support to the filament and finding out the appropriate speed ranges for different wall features and thicknesses. Firstly, a filament guide sheet is designed as being inserted into the gap between the drive gears and the bottom frame of the gear chamber in order to prevent the soft TPU filament from buckling. Secondly, inflatable product wall features are classified into floors, roofs and sidewalls and experiment for finding the relationship between printing speed and airtightness is carried out. In order to verify the proposed solution, wall features are printed and the material fillings obtained under different printing speeds are compared by measuring the airtightness of the wall features. Results show that the proposed filament guide sheet mitigates filament buckling, and the speed range that meets the airtightness requirement can be found for various wall features and thicknesses. In summary, the sealing of the filament feeding channel between the drive gears and the nozzle, as well as the speed optimisation according to product features, are essential for the efficient printing of TPU inflatable products.

scholarly journals Influence of PLA Filament Conditions on Characteristics of FDM Parts

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Valerga ◽  
Moisés Batista ◽  
Jorge Salguero ◽  
Frank Girot
Keyword(s):  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Environmental Humidity ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Additive manufacturing technologies play an important role in Industry 4.0. One of the most prevalent processes is fused deposition modelling (FDM) due to its versatility and low cost. However, there is still a lack of standardization of materials and procedures within this technology. This work aims to study the relationship of certain operating parameters and the conditions of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) polymer with the results of the manufactured parts in dimensional terms, surface quality, and mechanical strength. In this way, the impact of some material characteristics is analyzed, such as the pigmentation of the material and the environmental humidity where it has been stored. The manufacturing parameter that relates to these properties has been the extrusion temperature since it is the most influential in this technology. The results are quite affected especially by humidity, being a parameter little studied in the literature.

scholarly journals Increasing the Tensile Strength of 3d printed Poly lactic Acid (PLA) Using Design of Experiments (DOE)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Nozzle Temperature ◽  
Plastic Parts ◽  
Printing Speed

Experimental design has been used to determine outlying factors that affect tensile strength of fused deposition modelling 3D printed PLA parts. A two level, three factor full factorial experiments were utilized to determine the best combination of factors that yielded the highest tensile strength of PLA tensile dog bones manufactured in accordance with ASTM D638-14. PLA is particularly desirable due to its environmental friendliness, biodegradability, low cost, and low melting point, allowing it to be built on a non-heated platform without risk of toxic fumes. Increasing the tensile strength of PLA will allow PLA to be used in a wider range of applications that demand stronger plastic parts. The chosen factors were infill percentage, nozzle temperature, and printing speed. The tensile strength was affected by all factors and combinations except for high levels of infill percentage, nozzle temperature, and printing speed combined.

Performance of Low-Cost 3D Printer in Medical Application

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nor Aiman Sukindar ◽  
Azib Azhari Awang Dahan ◽  
Sharifah Imihezri Syed Shaharuddin ◽  
Nor Farah Huda Abd Halim
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Medical Application ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Total Deformation ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Porosity Level ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Printing Parameters

Abstract Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) is an additive manufacturing (AM) process that produces a physical object directly from a CAD design using layer-by-layer deposition of the filament material that is extruded via a nozzle. In industry, FDM has become one of the most used AM processes for the production of low batch quantity and functional prototypes, due to its safety, efficiency, reliability, low cost, and ability to process manufacturing-grade engineering thermoplastic. Recently, the market is flooded with the availability of low-cost printers produced by numerous companies. This research aims to investigate the effect of different porosity levels on a scaffold structure produced using a low-cost 3D printer. Comparisons of these porous structures were made in terms of Von-Mises strain, total deformation, as well as compressive stress. Various porosity levels were created by varying printing parameters, including layer height, infill density, and shell thickness by slicing the initial solid CAD file using Repetier Host 3D printing software. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) simulation was then performed on the created scaffold structures by using Ansys Workbench 19.2. The simulation result indicates that the greater porosity level will result in higher total deformation of the structure. Meanwhile, the compression test shows that the minimum strength value obtained was favourable at 22 MPa and had exceeded that of the trabecular femur (15 MPa). However, its porosity level (maximum at 52%) was still below that of the minimum threshold of porosity level of 70 percent. However, the printing parameters currently used can be adjusted in the future. Therefore, it was deduced that the low-cost 3D printer offers promising potential to fabricate different porosity structures with multiple outcomes.

scholarly journals 3D Printing of Drug-Loaded Thermoplastic Polyurethane Meshes: A Potential Material for Soft Tissue Reinforcement in Vaginal Surgery

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Domínguez-Robles ◽  
Caterina Mancinelli ◽  
Elena Mancuso ◽  
Inmaculada García-Romero ◽  
Brendan F. Gilmore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermoplastic Polyurethane ◽  
Vaginal Surgery ◽  
Pelvic Organ ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflection ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Suitable Material ◽  
3D Print ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Poly Propylene

Current strategies to treat pelvic organ prolapse (POP) or stress urinary incontinence (SUI), include the surgical implantation of vaginal meshes. Recently, there have been multiple reports of issues generated by these meshes conventionally made of poly(propylene). This material is not the ideal candidate, due to its mechanical properties leading to complications such as chronic pain and infection. In the present manuscript, we propose the use of an alternative material, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), loaded with an antibiotic in combination with fused deposition modelling (FDM) to prepare safer vaginal meshes. For this purpose, TPU filaments containing levofloxacin (LFX) in various concentrations (e.g., 0.25%, 0.5%, and 1%) were produced by extrusion. These filaments were used to 3D print vaginal meshes. The printed meshes were fully characterized through different tests/analyses such as fracture force studies, attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared, thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray microcomputed tomography (μCT), release studies and microbiology testing. The results showed that LFX was uniformly distributed within the TPU matrix, regardless the concentration loaded. The mechanical properties showed that poly(propylene) (PP) is a tougher material with a lower elasticity than TPU, which seemed to be a more suitable material due to its elasticity. In addition, the printed meshes showed a significant bacteriostatic activity on both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli cultures, minimising the risk of infection after implanting them. Therefore, the incorporation of LFX to the TPU matrix can be used to prepare anti-infective vaginal meshes with enhanced mechanical properties compared with current PP vaginal meshes.

scholarly journals Tensile Mechanical Behaviour of Multi-Polymer Sandwich Structures via Fused Deposition Modelling

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 651 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Moises Baca Lopez ◽  
Rafiq Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Homogeneous Materials ◽  
Flexural Tests ◽  
High Level

The application of single homogeneous materials produced through the fused deposition modelling (FDM) technology restricts the production of high-level multi-material components. The fabrication of a sandwich-structured specimen with different material combinations using conventional thermoplastics such as poly (lactic acid) (PLA), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and high impact polystyrene (HIPS) through the filament-based extrusion process can demonstrate an improvement on its properties. This paper aims to assess among these materials, the best material sandwich-structured arrangement design, to enhance the mechanical properties of a part and to compare the results with the homogeneous materials selected. The samples were subjected to tensile testing to identify the tensile strength, elongation at break and Young’s modulus of each material combination. The experimental results demonstrate that applying the PLA-ABS-PLA sandwich arrangement leads to the best mechanical properties between these materials. This study enables users to consider sandwich structure designs as an alternative to manufacturing multi-material components using conventional and low-cost materials. Future work will consider the flexural tests to identify the maximum stresses and bending forces under pressure.

Investigations for partial denture casting by fused deposition modelling-assisted chemical vapour smoothing

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 745-754
Author(s):  
Gurpartap Singh ◽  
Rupinder Singh ◽  
S.S. Bal
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemical Vapour ◽  
Dimensional Accuracy ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
View Point ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Set Up

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate dimensional accuracy (Δd), surface roughness (Ra) and micro hardness (HV) of partial dentures (PD) prepared with synergic combination of fused deposition modelling (FDM) assisted chemical vapour smoothing (CVS) patterns and conventional dental casting (DC) from multi-factor optimization view point. Design/methodology/approach The master pattern for PD was prepared with acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) thermoplastic on FDM set-up (one of the low cost additive manufacturing process) followed by CVS process. The final PD as functional prototypes was casted with nickel–chromium-based (Ni-Cr) alloy by varying Ni% (Z). The other input parameters were powder to water ratio P/W (X) and pH value (Y) of water used. Findings The results of this study suggest that for controlling the Δd and Ra of the PD, most important factor is X, followed by Z. For hardness of PD, the most important factor is Z. But from overall optimization viewpoint, the best settings are X-100/12, Y-10 and Z-61% (in Ni-Cr alloy). Further, based upon X-bar chart (for HV), the FDM-assisted DC process used for preparation of PD is statistically controlled. Originality/value This study highlights that PD prepared with X-100/12, Y-10 and Z-61% gives overall better results from multi-factor optimization view point. Finally, X-bar chart has been plotted to understand the statistical nature of the synergic combination of FDM, CVS and DC.

Effects of Build Orientations on Tensile Properties of PLA Material Processed by FDM

2014 ◽  
Vol 1044-1045 ◽  
pp. 31-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mst Faujiya Afrose ◽  
S.H. Masood ◽  
Mostafa Nikzad ◽  
Pio Iovenitti
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Tensile Testing Machine ◽  
Thermoplastic Material ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Dog Bone ◽  
3D Printers

Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) of thermoplastic materials is generally a well-known technology among all additive manufacturing (AM) technologies and therefore, it is essential to investigate the mechanical properties of such FDM processed materials. Several open-source and low cost AM machines, known as 3D Printers, have recently been developed using thermoplastic extrusion process based on the original FDM technology. Many of these 3D Printers use Polylactic Acid (PLA) plastic for building parts. The main objective of this paper is to investigate the tensile properties of the PLA thermoplastic material processed by the Cube-2 3D Printer. In this study, the dog-bone sized PLA specimens are printed in different build orientations and a Zwick Z010 tensile testing machine is used to determine the tensile properties of PLA in different build orientation.

scholarly journals Representative Volume Element (RVE) Analysis for Mechanical Characterization of Fused Deposition Modeled Components

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 3555
Author(s):  
Patrich Ferretti ◽  
Gian Maria Santi ◽  
Christian Leon-Cardenas ◽  
Elena Fusari ◽  
Giampiero Donnici ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Representative Volume Element ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Volume Element ◽  
Additive Manufacture ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Structural Element ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Representative Volume ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
3D Printed

Additive manufacturing processes have evolved considerably in the past years, growing into a wide range of products through the use of different materials depending on its application sectors. Nevertheless, the fused deposition modelling (FDM) technique has proven to be an economically feasible process turning additive manufacture technologies from consumer production into a mainstream manufacturing technique. Current advances in the finite element method (FEM) and the computer-aided engineering (CAE) technology are unable to study three-dimensional (3D) printed models, since the final result is highly dependent on processing and environment parameters. Because of that, an in-depth understanding of the printed geometrical mesostructure is needed to extend FEM applications. This study aims to generate a homogeneous structural element that accurately represents the behavior of FDM-processed materials, by means of a representative volume element (RVE). The homogenization summarizes the main mechanical characteristics of the actual 3D printed structure, opening new analysis and optimization procedures. Moreover, the linear RVE results can be used to further analyze the in-deep behavior of the FDM unit cell. Therefore, industries could perform a feasible engineering analysis of the final printed elements, allowing the FDM technology to become a mainstream, low-cost manufacturing process in the near future.

scholarly journals Investigations for In-house prepared Biocompatible Feed Stock Filament of Fused Deposition Modelling: A Process Capability study

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
Nishant Ranjan ◽  
Rupinder Singh ◽  
IPS Ahuja
Keyword(s):  
Control Charts ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Process Capability ◽  
Dimensional Accuracy ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Twin Screw Extrusion ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Feed Stock ◽  
Screw Extrusion ◽  
Twin Screw

Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is one of the low cost additive manufacturing (AM) process. The feed stock filament of FDM is the only consumable in the process and by preparing (in-house) bio compatible feed stock filament the application domain can be increased. Some studies have reported the use of twin screw extrusion (TSE) process for preparation of bio compatible feed stock filament (comprising of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polypropylene (PP) and hydroxyapatite (HAp) particles) with improved mechanical, dimensional and thermal properties, for commercial FDM setup. But hitherto very less has been reported on process capability of in-house prepared biocompatible feed stock filament. In the present work statistical analysis (for tensile strength, hardness and dimensional accuracy) has been performed for investigations of process capability. The results have been also supported by control charts (X-chart and R-chart) based upon the best feedstock filament wire.

The Study and Development of Factor Affecting the Smoothness in 3D Printed Part Surface Treatment via Acetone Vapor

2019 ◽  
Vol 821 ◽  
pp. 174-180
Author(s):  
Ramil Kesvarakul ◽  
Khompee Limpadapun
Keyword(s):  
Surface Finish ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Dramatic Improvement ◽  
Acetone Vapor ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
Fused Deposition

Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) has been extensively used in low-cost printers. However, the fundamental working principle (layered manufacturing) is resulted in the poor quality of the surface texture, the dimensional inaccuracy of fabricated parts, the limits its domain all issues often take place in precision industrial applications. In this paper, initially FDM based acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) model have been fabricated. In the post-processing stage, the vapor of acetone has been applied to the specimen. Then the changes in the surface finish and surface roughness have been investigated. The study highlighted that the post-processing of ABS specimen with acetone vapor treatment resulted in dramatic improvement of surface finish. Finally, parameter setting that gave the acceptable results while considering all the responses simultaneously.

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