scholarly journals Representative Volume Element (RVE) Analysis for Mechanical Characterization of Fused Deposition Modeled Components

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 3555
Author(s):  
Patrich Ferretti ◽  
Gian Maria Santi ◽  
Christian Leon-Cardenas ◽  
Elena Fusari ◽  
Giampiero Donnici ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Representative Volume Element ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Volume Element ◽  
Additive Manufacture ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Structural Element ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Representative Volume ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
3D Printed

Additive manufacturing processes have evolved considerably in the past years, growing into a wide range of products through the use of different materials depending on its application sectors. Nevertheless, the fused deposition modelling (FDM) technique has proven to be an economically feasible process turning additive manufacture technologies from consumer production into a mainstream manufacturing technique. Current advances in the finite element method (FEM) and the computer-aided engineering (CAE) technology are unable to study three-dimensional (3D) printed models, since the final result is highly dependent on processing and environment parameters. Because of that, an in-depth understanding of the printed geometrical mesostructure is needed to extend FEM applications. This study aims to generate a homogeneous structural element that accurately represents the behavior of FDM-processed materials, by means of a representative volume element (RVE). The homogenization summarizes the main mechanical characteristics of the actual 3D printed structure, opening new analysis and optimization procedures. Moreover, the linear RVE results can be used to further analyze the in-deep behavior of the FDM unit cell. Therefore, industries could perform a feasible engineering analysis of the final printed elements, allowing the FDM technology to become a mainstream, low-cost manufacturing process in the near future.

scholarly journals Strength Comparison of FDM 3D Printed PLA Made by Different Manufacturers

TEM Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 966-970
Author(s):  
Damir Hodžić ◽  
Adi Pandžić ◽  
Ismar Hajro ◽  
Petar Tasić
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Manufacturing Technique ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Printing Parameters

Widely used additive manufacturing technique for plastic materials is Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM). The FDM technology has gained interest in industry for a wide range of applications, especially today when large number of different materials on the market are available. There are many different manufacturers for the same FDM material where the difference in price goes up to 50%. This experimental study investigates possible difference in strength of the 3D printed PLA material of five different manufacturers. All specimens are 3D printed on Ultimaker S5 printer with the same printing parameters, and they are all the same colour.

scholarly journals Printability and Tensile Performance of 3D Printed Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol Using Fused Deposition Modelling

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofiane Guessasma ◽  
Sofiane Belhabib ◽  
Hedi Nouri
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Tensile Performance ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Micro Tomography

Polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) is a thermoplastic formed by polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and ethylene glycol and known for his high impact resistance and ductility. The printability of PETG for fused deposition modelling (FDM) is studied by monitoring the filament temperature using an infra-red camera. The microstructural arrangement of 3D printed PETG is analysed by means of X-ray micro-tomography and tensile performance is investigated in a wide range of printing temperatures from 210 °C to 255 °C. A finite element model is implemented based on 3D microstructure of the printed material to reveal the deformation mechanisms and the role of the microstructural defects on the mechanical performance. The results show that PETG can be printed within a limited range of printing temperatures. The results suggest a significant loss of the mechanical performance due to the FDM processing and particularly a substantial reduction of the elongation at break is observed. The loss of this property is explained by the inhomogeneous deformation of the PETG filament. X-ray micro-tomography results reveal a limited amount of process-induced porosity, which only extends through the sample thickness. The FE predictions point out the combination of local shearing and inhomogeneous stretching that are correlated to the filament arrangement within the plane of construction.

scholarly journals Increasing the Tensile Strength of 3d printed Poly lactic Acid (PLA) Using Design of Experiments (DOE)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Nozzle Temperature ◽  
Plastic Parts ◽  
Printing Speed

Experimental design has been used to determine outlying factors that affect tensile strength of fused deposition modelling 3D printed PLA parts. A two level, three factor full factorial experiments were utilized to determine the best combination of factors that yielded the highest tensile strength of PLA tensile dog bones manufactured in accordance with ASTM D638-14. PLA is particularly desirable due to its environmental friendliness, biodegradability, low cost, and low melting point, allowing it to be built on a non-heated platform without risk of toxic fumes. Increasing the tensile strength of PLA will allow PLA to be used in a wider range of applications that demand stronger plastic parts. The chosen factors were infill percentage, nozzle temperature, and printing speed. The tensile strength was affected by all factors and combinations except for high levels of infill percentage, nozzle temperature, and printing speed combined.

scholarly journals Optical characterization of 3D printed PLA and ABS filaments for diffuse optics applications

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0253181
Author(s):  
Caterina Amendola ◽  
Michele Lacerenza ◽  
Ileana Pirovano ◽  
Davide Contini ◽  
Lorenzo Spinelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Diffuse Optics ◽  
Diffuse Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
3D Printed

The interest for Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) in the field of Diffuse Optics (DO) is rapidly increasing. The most widespread FDM materials are polylactic acid (PLA) and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), thanks to their low cost and easiness-to-print. This is why, in this study, 3D printed samples of PLA and ABS materials were optically characterized in the range from the UV up to the IR wavelengths, in order to test their possible employment for probe construction in DO applications. To this purpose, measurements with Near Infrared Spectroscopy and Diffuse Correlation Spectroscopy techniques were considered. The results obtained show how the material employed for probe construction can negatively affect the quality of DO measurements.

scholarly journals Manufacturing of 3D-Printed Microfluidic Devices for the Synthesis of Drug-Loaded Liposomal Formulations

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 8064
Author(s):  
Giulia Ballacchino ◽  
Edward Weaver ◽  
Essyrose Mathew ◽  
Rossella Dorati ◽  
Ida Genta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Encapsulation Efficiency ◽  
Liquid Crystal Display ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Microfluidic Devices ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Ζ Potential ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
3D Printed

Microfluidic technique has emerged as a promising tool for the production of stable and monodispersed nanoparticles (NPs). In particular, this work focuses on liposome production by microfluidics and on factors involved in determining liposome characteristics. Traditional fabrication techniques for microfluidic devices suffer from several disadvantages, such as multistep processing and expensive facilities. Three-dimensional printing (3DP) has been revolutionary for microfluidic device production, boasting facile and low-cost fabrication. In this study, microfluidic devices with innovative micromixing patterns were developed using fused deposition modelling (FDM) and liquid crystal display (LCD) printers. To date, this work is the first to study liposome production using LCD-printed microfluidic devices. The current study deals with 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) liposomes with cholesterol (2:1) prepared using commercial and 3D-printed microfluidic devices. We evaluated the effect of microfluidic parameters, chip manufacturing, material, and channel design on liposomal formulation by analysing the size, PDI, and ζ-potential. Curcumin exhibits potent anticancer activity and it has been reported that curcumin-loaded liposomes formulated by microfluidics show enhanced encapsulation efficiency when compared with other reported systems. In this work, curcumal liposomes were produced using the developed microfluidic devices and particle sizing, ζ-potential, encapsulation efficiency, and in vitro release studies were performed at 37 °C.

Effect of Processing Parameters on Mechanical Properties of 3D Printed Samples

2018 ◽  
Vol 919 ◽  
pp. 230-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Maloch ◽  
Eva Hnátková ◽  
Milan Žaludek ◽  
Petr Krátký
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies ◽  
Functional Components

3D printing technology enables the production of functional components in small quantities which can be used as end-use parts. The mechanical properties of the final product define its quality and determine its success or failure in a given application. One at the various additive manufacturing technologies - Fused Deposition Modelling is very often used due to its relatively low cost and the availability of 3D printers and thermoplastic materials. During the process, there are many factors that can affect the mechanical properties of the final product. The temperature of the extrusion nozzle and the layer thickness are two of the basic process parameters. The objective of this work is to investigate the effect of these two processing parameters on the final mechanical properties of the 3D printed samples from acrylonitrile butadiene styrene. Mechanical testing includes the tensile and flexural strength, as well as tensile and flexural modulus.

scholarly journals Patient-specific 3D-printed Helmet for Post-craniectomy Defect – A Case Report

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherby Suet-Ying Pang ◽  
Evan Fang ◽  
Kam Wai Chen ◽  
Matthew Leung ◽  
Velda Ling-Yu Chow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Muscle Flap ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Leakage ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Computed Topography

Abstract Background: Patients who undergo decompressive craniectomy (DC) are often fitted with a protective helmet that protects the craniectomy site from injury during rehabilitation. However, conventional “one-size-fits-all” helmets may not be feasible for certain craniectomy defects. We describe the production and use of a custom 3D-printed helmet for a DC patient where a conventional helmet was not feasible due to the craniectomy defect configuration.Case presentation: A 65-year-old male with ethmoid sinonasal carcinoma underwent cranionasal resection and DC with free vastus lateralis flap reconstruction to treat cerebrospinal fluid leakage. He required an external helmet to protect the craniectomy site, however, the rim of a conventional helmet compressed the craniectomy site, and the straps compressed the vascular pedicle of the muscle flap. Computed topography (CT) scans of the patient’s cranium were imported into 3D modelling software and used to fabricate a patient-specific, strapless helmet using fused deposition modelling (FDM). The final helmet fit the patient perfectly and circumvented the compression issues, while also providing better cosmesis than the conventional helmet. Four months postoperatively, the helmet remains intact and in use.Conclusions: 3D printing can be used to produce low-volume, patient-specific external devices for rehabilitation where standardized adjuncts not optimal. Once initial start-up costs and training are overcome, these devices can be produced by surgeons themselves to meet a wide range of clinical needs.

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