scholarly journals Lymphatic supply and architectonics of intranodal lymphatic channel of lymph nodes of domestic pig

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 158-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Gavrilin ◽  
A. O. Kolesnyk
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Domestic Pig ◽  
Lymphatic Channel

scholarly journals Considering the question about spinal liqiud's outflow to the lymphatic channel

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (3(2)) ◽  
pp. 27-29
Author(s):  
Ya. M. Pesin ◽  
N. K. Omorov ◽  
B. M. Doronin
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Cerebral Hemisphere ◽  
Interstitial Fluid ◽  
Lymphatic Channel ◽  
Left And Right

The interstitial fluid drains from the cerebral hemisphere to the same named deep neck's lymph nodes in perineural spaces. The spinal liquid drains from the subarahnoid spase to left and right neck area's lymph nodes.

scholarly journals Morphogenesis lymph node of domestic pig

2020 ◽  
pp. 102-109
Author(s):  
E. Gavrilina ◽  
A. Kolesnyk
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Lymphatic Vessels ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Domestic Pig ◽  
Newborn Piglets ◽  
Connective Tissue Capsule ◽  
Degree Of Consolidation ◽  
Number Of Segments ◽  
Tissue Capsule

The visceral and somatic lymph nodes of a pig of domestic 1-120 day old were examined. Found that the lymph nodes have a common connective tissue capsule and different levels of fusion of individual subunits. In the center of each subunit, the capsule forms invaginations of the capsular trabecula, dividing the parenchyma of each structural unit into «Ʊ»-shaped structures, fused with lateral and lower parts. The number and degree of fusion of subunits is different and depends on the age of the animals and the location of the lymph node. The greatest degree of fusion of individual units of the lymph node was found in the superficial cervical and axillary I ribs. In the mandibular, superficial parotid and superficial inguinal lymph nodes, the segments are clearly contoured already in newborn piglets. Segments are predominantly bean-spherical in shape with a wide base. The fusion of the segments occurs in their central part, and on the surface the gates of the subunits are clearly contoured in the form of numerous depressions. In the visceral lymph nodes, the portal and splenic lymph nodes have the smallest segmentation, and the gastric, tracheobronchial, and iliocolic lymph nodes are the largest. The number of segments varies from two in newborn piglets to five in 120-day-old pigs. The variability of the morphometric parameters of the lymph nodes of a domestic pig is due to a different number of afferent lymphatic vessels, and, accordingly, to different scales of the lymphatic basins. Thus, the lymph nodes of the domestic pig are complexes of subunits fused to varying degrees. Somatic lymph nodes are highly segmented. The degree of consolidation of subunits in the visceral lymph nodes is less pronounced. Linear measurements of organs vary depending on the age of the animals, gradually increasing up to 120 days with a tendency for these indicators to prevail in the somatic lymph nodes. Key words: domestic pig, lymph node, subunit, topography, morphometry

scholarly journals Morphogenesis of limph nodes in Muscovy ducks during early posnatal onthogenesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 266-273
Author(s):  
O.G. Gavrilina ◽  
L.V. Perotskaya ◽  
N.V. Alekseeva
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Relative Area ◽  
Lymphatic Tissue ◽  
Lymphatic Channel ◽  
Absolute Mass ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Functional Zones ◽  
Degree Of Differentiation ◽  
Functional Transformations ◽  
Lymphatic Organs

The dynamics of mass and linear parameters of lymph nodes of ducks is a direct reflection of structural and functional transformations of their lymphatic parenchyma. The peculiarities of quantitative dynamics of tissue components of peripheral lymphatic organs at early stages of postnatal ontogenesis are to a great extent determined by advanced growth rates of their absolute mass against the background of sharp increase of their antigenic stimulation intensity. Parenchyma of lymph nodes of newborn ducklings is characterized by relatively low degree of differentiation and is represented by diffuse lymphatic tissue with no pronounced signs of its division into separate functional zones. Internally, the lymphatic channel is represented by only two lymphatic sinuses - the central one, which is located in the central part of the organ and occupies a large relative area and a discrete edge sinus, which borders on the node capsule and has a much smaller relative area and, accordingly, is located at its periphery. The organ parenchyma is a diffuse cluster of stromal and lymphatic cells in the enlarged lymphatic vessel between the central (inner) and edge (outer) lymphatic sinuses, without signs of its division into cortical and brain matter. Among the lymphatic tissue of the lymph node, reticular stroma cells and the population of small lymphocytes have the largest relative amount.

The architecture of the lymph nodes in the abdominal and thoracic cavities of wild boar

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeþim Akaydin Bozkurt ◽  
Sevinç Ateþ ◽  
Tolunay Kozlu ◽  
Feyza Baþak
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Germinal Center ◽  
Cortical Area ◽  
Follicular Dendritic Cells ◽  
Domestic Pig ◽  
General Localization

The distrubition of lymph nodes located in the abdominal and thoracic cavities of ten wild boars, and their structure were determined anatomically, histologically and immunohistochemically, to be the first detailed investigation on the wild boar. Though general localization and distribution were similar, the number of lymph nodes showed small differences from those of domestic pig. Histological investigations did not reveal a significant hilus. Besides, T lymphocytes with anti-CD3, CD4, CD8, B lymphocytes with anti-CD79a, macrophages with anti-macrophage monoclonal antibodies, and follicular dendritic cells using anti-S100 polyclonal antibody and their distrubution in the lymph nodes were detected. Many CD3 positive T lymphocytes were observed in the germinal center of the lymph follicles, in the cortical area and in the medulla. CD8 positive T lymphocytes were few, and CD4 positive T lymphocytes were not seen. CD79 positive cells were scanty.

scholarly journals До особливостей лімфатичного русла травної трубки дрібної рогатої худоби

2015 ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
Н. Б. Колич ◽  
М. В. Скрипка
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Lymphatic Vessels ◽  
Capillary Network ◽  
Regional Lymph Nodes ◽  
Lymphatic Channel ◽  
Pancreatic Lymph Node ◽  
Different Parts

Від слизової оболонки різних ділянок ротової порожнини відтік лімфи здійснюється поверхневим і глибокими лімфатичними судинами в реґіонарні лімфовузли. Слизова та м’язова оболонки передшлунків має добре розвинене лімфатичне русло, що складається зі звивистих капілярів зі сліпими виростами. У серозній оболонці розташовуються лімфатичні капіляри з колбоподібними виступами. Капіляри, з'єднуючись між собою, формують капілярну сітку. Відтік лімфи з реґіонарних лімфатичних вузлів книжки до 70 % завершуються в передшлунковому лімфатичному вузлі. From the mucous membrane of the different parts of oral cavity the outflow of lymph is carried out by superficial and deep lymphatic vessels to regional lymph nodes. The mucous and muscular membranes of proventriculus have well developed lymphatic channel, consisting of meandering capillaries with blind outgrowths. The lymphatic capillaries with flask-shaped protrusions are located in serosa. The capillaries, interconnecting with each other, form a capillary network. In 70 % of cases the outflow of lymph from the omasum regional lymph nodes is completed in pancreatic lymph node.

scholarly journals Гистоархитектоника паренхимы лимфатических узлов млекопитающих с различными типами строения внутриузлового лимфатического русла

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 96-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.N. Gavrilin ◽  
E.G. Gavrilina ◽  
V.V. Evert
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Relative Volume ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Lymphatic Channel ◽  
Histological Techniques ◽  
Clonal Proliferation ◽  
Medullary Cords

<p>The article analyzes the features of the histoarchitectonics of the lymph nodes of the bull (Bos taurus) and the pig (Sus scrofa domestica), depending on the type of structure and localization of the intranodal lymphatic channel. We studied somatic (Limphonodi (L.) cervicales superficiales) and visceral (L. jejunales) lymph nodes of clinically healthy mature male bulls and swine (16 and 6 months old, respectively). A complex of classical histological techniques was used, as well as the method of impregnating sections of lymph nodes with silver nitrate, modified by the authors. The main accumulative-distribution link in the lymph nodes of the bull is the subcapsular sinus (type I lymphatic collector), and in the lymph nodes of the pig - the capsular (intratrabecular) lymphatic tanks (type II lymphatic colector). In nodes with collectors of type I, the cortex has a simple layered structure, its outer layer is formed by a compact cortical plateau (interfollicular zone), and the inner layer is formed by a complex of spherical units of the deep cortex. In nodes with collectors of type II, the cortex is layered-folded, uneven in width. Cortical folds are formed along the capsular trabeculae with intratrabecular lymphatic tanks. The cortex plateau in the layered-folded cortex is more developed at the base of the folds, and the units of the deep cortex are at their apexes, where they form clusters in the form of specific nest-shaped structures. In nodes, regardless of the type of intranodal lymphatic channel, the surface cortex (cortical plateau) is located directly under the underlying lymphatic collectors, repeating their shape, the zones of clonal proliferation of B-lymphocytes are formed along the main collector on the basis of cortical plateau and its derivative structures (on the basis of paracortical and medullary cords). The zones of proliferation of T-lymphocytes are maximally close to the main collector, separated from it by a strip of cortical plateau, form a complex of spherical thickenings, which together form a deep cortex. The stroma and parenchyma are more developed in the nodes with collectors of type II (cumulative relative volume of stroma – 9-14% and 6-10%, parenchyma – 80-87% and 70-81%, respectively), and lymphatic sinuses - in nodes with collectors of I type (13-20% and 4-6% respectively). In the parenchyma of the lymph nodes of both groups, the zones of proliferation of T-lymphocytes predominate (the centers of deep cortex units are 27-42%), as well as the zones of accumulation of plasma cells and antibody formation (medullary cords – 17-29%), the first of which are more developed in the pig, and the latter at the nodes of the bull. The cumulative relative volume of the interfollicular zone (cortical plateau) in the studied nodes does not exceed 6-11%, and the zone of clonal proliferation of B lymphocytes (lymph nodulus) is 5-14%. These zones are more developed in the lymph nodes of the pig. Paracortical cords have the minimum and practically equivalent relative volume in the nodes of both groups (3-5%). The study shows that the principles of localization of the main specialized cellular zones in the lymph nodes of the domestic bull and the pig are universal, and the histoarchitectonics of the parenchyma has a clearly expressed specificity. Features of the histoarchitectonics of the parenchyma and its quantitative characteristics are determined by the type of structure of the intranodal lymphatic channel (the character of the localization and spatial configuration of the main accumulative-distributive unit of the nodes). </p>

Sentinel and axillary nodes of the breast distinguished from those of the arm by 3D-CT lymphography and selectively dissected by endoscopic surgery

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 616-616
Author(s):  
K. Yamashita ◽  
S. Haga ◽  
K. Shimizu
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Endoscopic Surgery ◽  
Lymph Flow ◽  
Axillary Lymph Nodes ◽  
Axillary Lymph ◽  
3D Ct ◽  
Lymphatic Channel ◽  
Lymphatic Flow ◽  
Dye Staining ◽  
Ct Lymphography

616 Background: In early breast cancer, the presence of metastasis in axillary lymph nodes (AN) is an important factor in prognosis and further treatment. However, AN dissection causes many complications such as contracture of shoulder joint, lymph edema, and paralysis of upper extremities. Sentinel node (SN) biopsy provides us valuable information about no need to dissect AN for node-negative patients. However, on node-positive patients, the conventional AN dissection has been performed. 3D-CT lymphography (LG) can show the precise individual lymphatic flow not only from the breast tumor to SN but also from SN to venous angle, which means breast lymphatic channel. We applied 3D-CT LG to distinguish them from the arm channel to avoid any arm complications. Methods: 3D-CT LG was performed on the day before surgery to mark SN on the skin. Above the tumor and near the areola and the arm pit, 2 ml of Iopamidol 300 was injected subcutaneously. Images of 16-channel multidetector-row helical CT scan were taken at 1, 3, and 5 min after injection. They were reconstructed to produce a 3D image of lymph ducts and lymph nodes. SN biopsy and AN sampling were performed by dye-staining method using endoscopy. Results:We performed SN biopsy with 3D-CT LG on 160 patients. 3D-CT LG clearly showed the precise lymphatic flow from the tumor to SN. It can show SN at only one min after injection. But following up to 5 min, we can follow the lymph ducts beyond SN into the second to the fifth node groups toward the venous angle with complex plexus, observed in the surrounding anatomical architecture. Detection rate was 100% for SN; 80% for the third group; and 30% for the fifth group. The arm lymph flow was distinguished by the connections between the breast and the arm flow, observed 39% and 71% in the fourth and the fifth group. SN was shared from between the breast and the arm in 5 patients (3.1%). They complained arm edema only by SN biopsy. We can distinguish and sample AN drained from the breast, guided by 3D-CT LG and dye-staining using endoscopy. Conclusions:By 3D-CT LG, we can recognize the accurate and more precise lymph flow in the surrounding anatomical architecture. It helps us easily to pursuit lymph flow and to remove SN and AN from the breast selectively using endoscopic surgery. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Lower Extremity Glandography (LEG): A New Concept to Identify and Enhance Lymphatic Preservation

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 582-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander F. Burnett ◽  
Pamela J.B. Stone ◽  
Suzanne V. Klimberg ◽  
Jennifer L. Gregory ◽  
Juan R. Roman
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Vulvar Cancer ◽  
Lymphatic Drainage ◽  
Medial Aspect ◽  
Lateral Aspect ◽  
Lymphatic Channel ◽  
Major Postoperative Complication ◽  
Inguinal Lymphadenectomy ◽  
Femoral Triangle

BackgroundLower extremity edema remains a major postoperative complication after inguinal lymphadenectomy for vulvar cancer. This study documents the lymphatic drainage of the vulva versus the lymphatic drainage of the lower extremity coming through the femoral triangle.MethodsSeven patients underwent either unilateral or bilateral inguinal lymphadenectomy in conjunction with a radical vulvar resection. Preoperatively, patients had technetium-99 injected into the vulvar cancer. Isosulfan blue was injected into the medioanterior thigh 10 cm below the inguinal ligament. The femoral triangle was opened, and a neoprobe was used to locate the "hot" node bearing the technetium-99. Gentle dissection located the blue lymphatic channel and any blue lymph nodes. The blue and hot nodes were resected and submitted separately. The patients then underwent a complete inguinal lymphadenectomy.ResultsA total of 11 groin dissections were performed. In 9 of the 11 groins, the hot node was identified, and in 8 of the 11 groins, blue node or lymphatic channel was identified. The hot nodes were uniformly located on the superior medial aspect of the femoral triangle. The blue nodes were uniformly located on the lateral aspect of the femoral triangle just anterior to the femoral artery or vein. Three patients had hot lymph nodes containing cancer. Of those 3 patients, one had an additional node positive. None of the blue lymph nodes contained cancer.ConclusionsThis procedure demonstrates the alternative lymphatic drainage of the leg versus the vulva. Larger studies are necessary to document the exclusivity of these 2 drainage systems. Preservation of the lymphatic drainage of the leg may result in decreased lymphedema.

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