Malignant pancreatic gastrinoma in a maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus): case report

ABSTRACT A captive 12-year-old female maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus), previously diagnosed with visceral leishmaniasis, developed severe myiasis in the right ear, followed by prostration and death. A firm solid nodule, measuring 1 x 3cm, was grossly observed in the pancreas. Histologically, there was neoplastic proliferation in the pancreas and pancreatic lymph node. Neoplastic cells had a neuroendocrine pattern, and were positive for gastrin and pancreatic polypeptide by immunohistochemistry. The wolf had also ulcerative gastritis. To the best of our knowledge is the first reported case gastrinoma in this species.

Class-switched anti-insulin antibodies originate from unconventional antigen presentation in multiple lymphoid sites

Autoantibodies to insulin are a harbinger of autoimmunity in type 1 diabetes in humans and in non-obese diabetic mice. To understand the genesis of these autoantibodies, we investigated the interactions of insulin-specific T and B lymphocytes using T cell and B cell receptor transgenic mice. We found spontaneous anti-insulin germinal center (GC) formation throughout lymphoid tissues with GC B cells binding insulin. Moreover, because of the nature of the insulin epitope recognized by the T cells, it was evident that GC B cells presented a broader repertoire of insulin epitopes. Such broader recognition was reproduced by activating naive B cells ex vivo with a combination of CD40 ligand and interleukin 4. Thus, insulin immunoreactivity extends beyond the pancreatic lymph node–islets of Langerhans axis and indicates that circulating insulin, despite its very low levels, can have an influence on diabetogenesis.

До особливостей лімфатичного русла травної трубки дрібної рогатої худоби

Від слизової оболонки різних ділянок ротової порожнини відтік лімфи здійснюється поверхневим і глибокими лімфатичними судинами в реґіонарні лімфовузли. Слизова та м’язова оболонки передшлунків має добре розвинене лімфатичне русло, що складається зі звивистих капілярів зі сліпими виростами. У серозній оболонці розташовуються лімфатичні капіляри з колбоподібними виступами. Капіляри, з'єднуючись між собою, формують капілярну сітку. Відтік лімфи з реґіонарних лімфатичних вузлів книжки до 70 % завершуються в передшлунковому лімфатичному вузлі. From the mucous membrane of the different parts of oral cavity the outflow of lymph is carried out by superficial and deep lymphatic vessels to regional lymph nodes. The mucous and muscular membranes of proventriculus have well developed lymphatic channel, consisting of meandering capillaries with blind outgrowths. The lymphatic capillaries with flask-shaped protrusions are located in serosa. The capillaries, interconnecting with each other, form a capillary network. In 70 % of cases the outflow of lymph from the omasum regional lymph nodes is completed in pancreatic lymph node.