scholarly journals Morphogenesis of limph nodes in Muscovy ducks during early posnatal onthogenesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 266-273
Author(s):  
O.G. Gavrilina ◽  
L.V. Perotskaya ◽  
N.V. Alekseeva
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Relative Area ◽  
Lymphatic Tissue ◽  
Lymphatic Channel ◽  
Absolute Mass ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Functional Zones ◽  
Degree Of Differentiation ◽  
Functional Transformations ◽  
Lymphatic Organs

The dynamics of mass and linear parameters of lymph nodes of ducks is a direct reflection of structural and functional transformations of their lymphatic parenchyma. The peculiarities of quantitative dynamics of tissue components of peripheral lymphatic organs at early stages of postnatal ontogenesis are to a great extent determined by advanced growth rates of their absolute mass against the background of sharp increase of their antigenic stimulation intensity. Parenchyma of lymph nodes of newborn ducklings is characterized by relatively low degree of differentiation and is represented by diffuse lymphatic tissue with no pronounced signs of its division into separate functional zones. Internally, the lymphatic channel is represented by only two lymphatic sinuses - the central one, which is located in the central part of the organ and occupies a large relative area and a discrete edge sinus, which borders on the node capsule and has a much smaller relative area and, accordingly, is located at its periphery. The organ parenchyma is a diffuse cluster of stromal and lymphatic cells in the enlarged lymphatic vessel between the central (inner) and edge (outer) lymphatic sinuses, without signs of its division into cortical and brain matter. Among the lymphatic tissue of the lymph node, reticular stroma cells and the population of small lymphocytes have the largest relative amount.

THE HORMONAL CONTROL OF RIBONUCLEASE ACTIVITY IN THE LYMPHATIC TISSUE OF MICE

1973 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Maor ◽  
E. Eylan ◽  
P. Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Hormonal Control ◽  
Ribonuclease Activity ◽  
Lymphatic Tissue

ABSTRACT Ribonuclease activity in thymus and lymph nodes is stimulated by cortisone; insulin increases ribonuclease activity only in the thymus. Growth hormone and theophylline do not cause changes in thymus and lymph nodes ribonuclease levels. Injections of cortisone combined with growth hormone or with theophylline increase the activity more than cortisone alone. Insulin does not enhance the action of cortisone on ribonuclease activity. A synergistic loss in weight of thymus and spleen was found after administration of cortisone in combination with either growth hormone or with theophylline.

scholarly journals Microsatellite genotyping from faeces of Lontra longicaudis from southern Brazil

2009 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura I. Weber ◽  
Cintia G. Hildebrand ◽  
Anderson Ferreira ◽  
Gustavo Pedarassi ◽  
José A. Levy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
High Level ◽  
Degree Of Differentiation ◽  
Lontra Longicaudis

A genetic study of the neotropical river otter Lontra longicaudis (Olfers, 1818), which has an unknown conservation status, was carried out at the Taim Ecological Station and the margins of the Vargas stream, Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. Faecal samples were collected, and DNA was extracted using a silica-guanidine method. Five microsatellite loci were amplified using PCR with heterologous primers previously described for Lutra lutra (Linnaeus, 1758). Sixteen faecal samples out of 29 from Taim and 11 out of 14 from Vargas stream margins contained enough DNA for genetic analysis. A total of 49 different alleles were found at both localities, from which 18 were exclusively found in individuals from Taim and 17 were exclusives from Vargas individuals. The most common allele was the same at both locations for three loci (Lut715, Lut733, and Lut818). A high level of genetic diversity was found at both sites (NeTaim=4.1, HoTaim=0.299, HeTaim=0.681; NeVargas=4.9, HoVargas=0.355, HeVargas=0.724), being higher at the Vargas stream site. A high and significant level of heterozygote deficiency was observed at most loci according to the χ2 test. The homogeneity χ2 test (P<0.001) showed that there were significant differences in the allele frequencies between the two locations. Genotyping for more than one locus was possible in 81.5% of samples, from which only 37% were possible to genotype for more than three loci. A low degree of relatedness was found among individuals from Taim (R=0.055±0.310), but an even lower value of relatedness was found at the Vargas site (R= -0.285±0.440). The significant degree of differentiation (I=0.890; F ST=0.059) found between Taim and Vargas individuals suggests that there is more than one population of otters in the southern extreme of Brazil, which probably are associated with the water body systems found in this region, the Mirim and the Caiuvá/Flores/Mangueira Lagoons. The high genetic diversity and low relatedness found at the Vargas stream, lead us to believe that the Vargas stream may be acting as a corridor between these water bodies for otter dispersion.

STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF CORTISOL AND CORTICOTROPHIN ON INCORPORATION OF ADENINE-8-14C INTO THE LYMPHATIC TISSUE NUCLEIC ACIDS

1965 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Truls Brinck-Johnsen ◽  
Thomas F. Dougherly
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Quantitative Measurement ◽  
Radioactive Tracer ◽  
Prolonged Treatment ◽  
Lymphatic Tissue ◽  
Tracer Methods ◽  
Rna And Dna

ABSTRACT The effects of cortisol and ACTH in vivo on various mouse lymphatic tissues were studied, using the current techniques for isolation of adenine from nucleic acids and quantitative measurement, including chromatography, spectrophotometry and radioactive tracer methods. The incorporation of adenine-8-14C into both RNA and DNA of lymphatic tissues of intact mice was reduced following prolonged treatment with cortisol or ACTH. In the absence of the adrenals ACTH enhanced the incorporation of adenine-8-14C into the RNA of lymph nodes, spleen and thymus, although a clearcut effect on increased incorporation of the purine into DNA was limited to the spleen. It was concluded that ACTH has an extraadrenal effect on lymphatic tissues.

scholarly journals Osteopontin Is Involved in the Initiation of Cutaneous Contact Hypersensitivity by Inducing Langerhans and Dendritic Cell Migration to Lymph Nodes

2001 ◽  
Vol 194 (9) ◽  
pp. 1219-1230 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Weiss ◽  
A.C. Renkl ◽  
C.S. Maier ◽  
M. Kimmig ◽  
L. Liaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Contact Hypersensitivity ◽  
Impaired Ability ◽  
Chemotactic Protein ◽  
Dendritic Cell Migration ◽  
Sensitization Phase ◽  
Deficient Mice ◽  
Draining Lymph Nodes ◽  
Lymphatic Organs

Osteopontin (OPN) is a chemotactic protein that attracts immune cells, to inflammatory sites. The sensitization phase of allergic cutaneous contact hypersensitivity (CHS) requires the migration of Langerhans cells/dendritic cells (LCs/DCs) from skin to draining lymph nodes. Characterizing OPN function for LC/DC migration we found upregulated OPN expression in hapten sensitized skin and draining lymph nodes. OPN induces chemotactic LC/DC migration, initiates their emigration from the epidermis, and attracts LCs/DCs to draining lymph nodes by interacting with CD44 and αv integrin. Furthermore, OPN-deficient mice have a significantly reduced CHS response that correlates with an impaired ability of OPN-deficient mice to attract LCs/DCs to draining lymph nodes. In conclusion, OPN is an important factor in the initiation of CHS by guiding LCs/DCs from skin into lymphatic organs.

scholarly journals STUDIES OF THE LYMPHATIC TISSUE

1929 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilhelm Ehrich
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Lymphoid Hyperplasia ◽  
Lymphatic Tissue ◽  
Regional Lymph Nodes ◽  
Subcutaneous Infection ◽  
Embryonic Life ◽  
Regressive Change ◽  
Reticular Cells ◽  
Mother Cells ◽  
Maximum Development

1. On subcutaneous infection of rabbits with staphylococci of low virulence there appears at the place of injection first a hemorrhagicpurulent inflammation and later a localized purulence. In the regional lymph nodes there is lymphatic hyperplasia, and in the blood a lymphocytosis. 2. In the regional lymph nodes there is first a regressive change of Flemming's secondary nodules and of transition forms. Then follows lymphatic hyperplasia, starting apparently from solid secondary nodules and progressing by way of pseudo-secondary nodules to a diffuse lymphoid hyperplasia. The increase of lymphocytes in the blood parallels this development. 3. Only after the highest point of the lymphocytosis has been reached or passed do we find the first Flemming's secondary nodules, which thereafter increase in number and size while the number of lymphocytes in the blood falls, and reach their maximum development when the number of lymphocytes in the blood is again normal. Therefore, the original conception of Flemming that the site of formation of the lymphocytes of the blood is in Flemming's secondary nodules, cannot be accepted. 4. The lymphocytes of the blood originate in the pseudo-secondary nodules as in embryonic life. The mother cells of the lymphocytes would appear to be Marchand's proliferating endothelial (reticular) cells.

scholarly journals Considering the question about spinal liqiud's outflow to the lymphatic channel

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (3(2)) ◽  
pp. 27-29
Author(s):  
Ya. M. Pesin ◽  
N. K. Omorov ◽  
B. M. Doronin
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Cerebral Hemisphere ◽  
Interstitial Fluid ◽  
Lymphatic Channel ◽  
Left And Right

The interstitial fluid drains from the cerebral hemisphere to the same named deep neck's lymph nodes in perineural spaces. The spinal liquid drains from the subarahnoid spase to left and right neck area's lymph nodes.

scholarly journals Population Genetic Structure of Asclepias Tuberosa In Northwest Iowa: A Comparison Within and Between Remnant Prairies and Commercially Available Seed

2015 ◽  
Vol 122 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Jeffrey T Ploegstra ◽  
Brittany de Ruyter ◽  
Tony Jelsma
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Tallgrass Prairie ◽  
Microsatellite Analysis ◽  
Outbreeding Depression ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
Asclepias Syriaca ◽  
Minimal Impact ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Degree Of Differentiation

Isolated in scattered remnants, less than 0.1% of Iowa's original tallgrass prairie remains. The small populations remaining are at risk for reduced genetic diversity, inbreeding depression, and outbreeding depression. In light of these concerns, we used microsatellite analysis to assess the genetic structure of butterfly milkweed (Asclepias tuberosa) populations on prairie remnants in northwest Iowa. We compared remnant populations with a restoration population at Dordt College in Sioux Center, Iowa, and with an Oklahoma seed source. Microsatellites identified for use in common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca) had sufficient polymorphism information content (PIC) across the butterfly milkweed (A. tuberosa) populations sampled (mean PIC = 0.624). The FIS values indicated a lack of inbreeding (mean FIS = −0.1455) even in the commercially expanded seed. The pairwise FST values showed a low degree of differentiation among the remnants (mean FST = 0.0453) but a moderate degree (mean FST = 0.105) of differentiation when comparing the remnants to the Dordt restoration or to seed from Oklahoma. Despite massive loss and fragmentation of the tallgrass prairie, our microsatellite analysis revealed no evidence of inbreeding in A. tuberosa. However, evidence of genetic differentiation suggests that effort should be made to preserve the diversity still present. Seed expansion efforts appear to have had minimal impact on overall genetic diversity, although the diversity in particular selectable traits may be reduced. The differences between the genetics of the propagated seed at the Dordt restoration and the Oklahoma seed when compared to native remnants support the usefulness of source-identified seed.

scholarly journals MORPHOMETRIC AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC CHANGES OF STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS OF LYMPH NODES DURING CORRECTION OF THE ACTION OF SODIUM GLUTAMATE WITH ORLISTAT

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (9) ◽  
pp. 2060-2065
Author(s):  
Tetiana V. Harapko ◽  
Lesia R. Mateshuk-Vatseba
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
White Male ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Relative Area ◽  
Sodium Glutamate ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Intact Group ◽  
Cortical Substance ◽  
Medullary Substance

The aim: To study morphometric and electron microscopic changes in the parenchyma of rat lymph nodes under the action of sodium glutamate and its correction by orlistat. Materials and methods: The article presents and analyzes the data of an experimental study conducted on 66 white male rats and females of reproductive age. Experimental animals are divided into 4 groups. Results: After six weeks of exposure to monosodium glutamate, there was a significant decrease in the relative area of the cortical substance in the lymph nodes of white male and female rats by 11.95% and 9.31% and, respectively, an increase in the relative area of the medullary substance by 18.76% and 14.7% in compared with an intact group of animals. After six weeks of sodium glutamate and the next six weeks of the standard diet of vivarium and orlistat, the relative area of the cortical substance in the lymph node parenchyma was 2.55% and 0.38% more than the parameters of the intact group of animals, respectively. Accordingly, the relative area of the medullary substance decreased and was 4.01% and 0.59% less compared to the intact group of animals. Conclusions: Electron microscopic examination showed that monosodium glutamate causes changes in the parenchyma of the lymph nodes as in a high-calorie diet. The introduction of orlistat (xenical) leads to a partial restoration of the structural organization, and hence the function of this organ.

scholarly journals Morphological changes in the thymus of rats of reproductive period on the background of the immunosuppressant cyclophosphamide administration

2016 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 578-585
Author(s):  
I V Bobrysheva
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Fatty Degeneration ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Relative Content ◽  
Image Analyzer ◽  
Relative Area ◽  
Thymic Involution ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
Functional Zones ◽  
Functional Areas

Aim. To study the features of morphological changes of the thymus gland (thymus) of reproductive period rats amid the administration of the immunosuppressant cyclophosphamide.Methods. Thymus preparations were studied using an image analyzer based on CX-41 Olympus microscope. The morphological and functional areas of the thymus were determined relative areas (as a percentage) occupied by subcapsular, inner cortical zones of the cortex and thymic lobules medulla; cells distribution density, the percentage of cellular elements: lymphoblasts, small, medium and large lymphocytes, macrophages, mitotically dividing, destructively altered cells epithelioreticulocytes.Results. A statistically significant reduction in the relative area of subcapsular and inner cortical zones of the cortex, as well as an increase in this parameter in the thymic medullary parenchyma after 1-30 days after administration of cyclophosphamide were found. The cell density is reduced both in the cortex and in the medulla. Cytoarchitectonics of the thymus morphological and functional zones changes: a decrease in relative content of lymphocytes, mainly of young forms, as well as increase in the percentage of macrophages and destructively altered cells occurred. Maximum deviations of studied parameters was recorded after 1 and 7 days after drug administration. In 60 days after cytostatic administration morphometric characteristics of the thymus morphological and functional zones in laboratory rats do not have significant differences from the parameters in control animals of appropriate age.Conclusion. A single administration of cyclophosphamide leads to acute thymic involution, which is manifested in a decrease in the relative area of the cortex, lobules deformation, organ fatty degeneration, decrease in the relative content of lymphocytes, increase in the percentage of macrophages and destructively modified cells, which may be indicative of a high degree of reactivity of the animals thymus; results of the study may serve as morphologic evidence of the damaging effect of cyclophosphamide on the thymus lymphoid tissue.

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