Crash- and Injury-Outcome Multipliers

2000 ◽  
Vol 1717 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Kim
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation System ◽  
Simple Technique ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Hospital Data ◽  
Crash Data ◽  
Relative Safety ◽  
Probabilistic Linkage ◽  
The University ◽  
Injury Outcomes ◽  
Crash Types

In 1992 the University of Hawaii was one of six institutions to receive a Crash Outcome Data Evaluation System grant from the U.S. Department of Transportation, NHTSA. As part of the Hawaii CODES Project, police crash data, emergency medical services (EMS) data, and hospital data were linked using a probabilistic linkage software known as Automatch. An advantage of linked data is the ability to determine injury outcomes for various types of crashes. A simple technique—crash and injury outcome multipliers for examining the relative safety of various types of crashes—is presented. Using the crash as the unit of analysis, a measure is derived that indicates the number of fatalities, incapacitating injuries, nonserious injuries, EMS transports, and hospitalizations produced over a period of time by those particular crash types. In addition to comparing vehicle-to-vehicle crashes, various crash types such as head-on, rollover, sideswipe, broadside, and fixed-object collisions are also examined. The relative crash and injury outcomes for speed-related crashes, alcohol-related collisions, or any number of other types of safety concerns can also be tabulated. The simple technique is illustrated using both conventional police crash data on injuries and a linked file containing EMS and hospital records. In addition to demonstrating the technique, some potential uses are described.

Asleep at the Wheel: Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Fatigue-Related Crashes in Honolulu

2001 ◽  
Vol 1779 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl E. Kim ◽  
Eric Y. Yamashita
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation System ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Crash Data ◽  
Island State ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Limited Opportunity ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Injury Outcomes

As an island state located in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, where there is limited opportunity for long-distance driving, Hawaii provides an interesting context in which to study fatigue-related crashes. Data from the Hawaii Crash Outcome Data Evaluation System are used to analyze and map fatigue-related collisions. Injury outcomes of fatigue-related crashes are analyzed by using police crash data, emergency medical service records, and insurance claims records. There are distinct temporal and spatial patterns as well as relationships between fatigue-related crashes and driver characteristics. Recommendations for preventing fatigue-related crashes are developed. Roadway segments where fatigue-related crashes occur are identified as possible sites for various engineering treatments. Temporal and demographic information also can be used to design and implement more effective programs and systems for fatigue-related crashes.

Injury Outcomes and Costs for Work Zone Crashes

2013 ◽  
Vol 2337 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Coburn ◽  
Andrea R. Bill ◽  
Madhav V. Chitturi ◽  
David A. Noyce
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation System ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Work Zone ◽  
Crash Severity ◽  
Property Damage ◽  
Injury Score ◽  
Benefit Cost Analysis ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Injury Outcomes ◽  
Crash Types

The main objective of this research was to quantify the injury outcomes and develop reliable and comprehensive injury costs for work zone crashes based on crash type (rear-end, head-on, etc.) and crash severity, based on the KABCO scale (K, killed; A, incapacitating injury; B, nonincapacitating injury; C, possible injury; O, property damage only). A three-step methodology was used to quantify the comprehensive crash costs. All crashes in Wisconsin between 2001 and 2010 that were marked with a construction zone flag were identified and used in this analysis. The Wisconsin Crash Outcome Data Evaluation System database provided comprehensive injury costs based on the injury types and severities suffered by participants in study crashes. KABCO and maximum abbreviated injury score ratings were similar for property damage only and possible injuries. A vast majority of individuals with injuries classified as nonincapacitating and incapacitating actually sustained minor or moderate injuries only. This outcome suggests that the use of KABCO needs to be reconsidered. The calculated comprehensive costs for crash types with sufficient sample sizes were found to be up to 105%, 35%, and 50% larger than the default FHWA values for incapacitating, nonincapacitating, and possible injury crashes, respectively. Injury crash costs by crash type varied significantly. This variance indicates that developing crash-specific costs might result in more accurate benefit–cost analysis for the implementation of countermeasures.

Prácticas curriculares y Sociología en la Universidade da Coruña: de las competencias a las experiencias profesionales y personales

2019 ◽  
pp. 4-23
Author(s):  
Ariadna Rodríguez-Teijeiro ◽  
Raimundo Otero-Enríquez ◽  
Laura Román-Masedo
Keyword(s):  
Personal Experience ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Methodological Triangulation ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Academic Management ◽  
Improvement Measures ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Skills Learning ◽  
The University

This paper presents, within the framework of the Degree in Sociology of the University of A Coruña (Spain), an evaluation system based on a methodological triangulation that has enabled an in-depth analysis of the different dimensions of the Degree Practicum. Namely, we have achieved some conclusions about: (a) the students' perception of the adequacy between the Practicum, the Degree and the "sociological activity" of the internship centers; (b) the students’ evaluation of skills, learning results and the "sociological vocation" of the centers; and (c) the students’ appraisal of features of the Practicum related to personal experience. From these evidences, improvement measures of this particular subject are illustrated. Such measures may be of interest within the scope of the academic management of the Degrees in Sociology.

scholarly journals Using Crash Outcome Data Evaluation System (CODES) to examine injury in front vs. rear-seated infants and children involved in a motor vehicle crash in New York State

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Bauer ◽  
Leah Hines ◽  
Emilia Pawlowski ◽  
Jin Luo ◽  
Anne Scott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
New York State ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Crash Severity ◽  
Front Seat ◽  
York State ◽  
Child Restraint ◽  
Ed Visits

Abstract Background In New York State (NYS), motor vehicle (MV) injury to child passengers is a leading cause of hospitalization and emergency department (ED) visits in children aged 0–12 years. NYS laws require appropriate child restraints for ages 0–7 years and safety belts for ages 8 and up while traveling in a private passenger vehicle, but do not specify a seating position. Methods Factors associated with injury in front-seated (n = 11,212) compared to rear-seated (n = 93,092) passengers aged 0–12 years were examined by age groups 0–3, 4–7 and 8–12 years using the 2012–2014 NYS Crash Outcome Data Evaluation System (CODES). CODES consists of Department of Motor Vehicle (DMV) crash reports linked to ED visits and hospitalizations. The front seat was row 1 and the rear rows 2–3. Vehicle towed from scene and air bag deployed were proxies for crash severity. Injury was dichotomized based on Maximum Abbreviated Injury Severity (MAIS) scores greater than zero. Multivariable logistic regression (odds ratios (OR) with 95% CI) was used to examine factors predictive of injury for the total population and for each age group. Results Front-seated children had more frequent injury than those rear-seated (8.46% vs. 4.92%, p < 0.0001). Children in child restraints experienced fewer medically-treated injuries compared to seat belted or unrestrained children (3.80, 6.50 and 13.62%, p < 0.0001 respectively). A higher proportion of children traveling with an unrestrained vs. restrained driver experienced injury (14.50% vs 5.26%, p < 0.0001). After controlling for crash severity, multivariable adjusted predictors of injury for children aged 0–12 years included riding in the front seat (1.20, 1.10–1.31), being unrestrained vs. child restraint (2.13, 1.73–2.62), being restrained in a seat belt vs. child restraint (1.20, 1.11–1.31), and traveling in a car vs. other vehicle type (1.21, 1.14–1.28). Similarly, protective factors included traveling with a restrained driver (0.61, 0.50–0.75), a driver aged < 25 years (0.91, 0.82–0.99), being an occupant of a later vehicle model year 2005–2008 (0.68, 0.53–0.89) or 2009–2015 (0.55, 0.42–0.71) compared to older model years (1970–1993). Conclusions Compared to front-seated children, rear-seated children and children in age-appropriate restraints had lower adjusted odds of medically-treated injury.

scholarly journals Research on Sports Balanced Development Evaluation System Based on Edge Computing and Balanced Game

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Zhong Han
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation System ◽  
Edge Computing ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Balanced Development ◽  
Development Framework ◽  
Balanced Game ◽  
Comprehensive Level ◽  
Development Evaluation ◽  
The University ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

Sports can promote physical and mental health and the development of personality. How to build a balanced development evaluation system for sports and find a quality education suitable for the school are particularly important. In this article, we use edge computing technology to design a balanced development framework for sports. The framework will guide students to actively participate in physical exercise and develop sports to a higher, more comprehensive level. Then, the equilibrium game model is used to analyse the evaluation system of the balanced development of college sports. The research results show that the university sports balanced development evaluation system has good application prospects. The empirical analysis results verify its accuracy and reliability.

scholarly journals The Extent of Conformity of Academic Programs Outcomes at the College of Engineering, The University of Jordan to ABET Standards from the Viewpoint of Faculty Members and Quality Assurance Representatives

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (44) ◽  
pp. 55-78
Author(s):  
د. دلال مصطفى عبدالله هواش
Keyword(s):  
Academic Outcomes ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Academic Staff ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Accreditation Standards ◽  
University Of Jordan ◽  
The University

The current study aimed to identify the extent to which the academic outcomes of the programs of the Faculty of Engineering at the University of Jordan conform to the American accreditation standards "ABET". To achieve the study objective, the qualitative method was followed and three tools were used: standardized open-ended interviews, participant observation, and analysis of documents collected from the field. Major findings revealed that engineering departments which were granted accreditation seek to achieve the academic outcomes of the programs that emanate from the international accreditation standards of ABET by a periodic continuous comprehensive evaluation system of all activities of the teaching process. Internal accreditation committees are formed in the engineering departments consisting of academic staff, administrative professionals and specialists with experience in monitoring and evaluation. The Faculty of Engineering has benefited from achieving the minimum standards of accreditation in improving the quality of learning outcomes and obtaining accredited university degrees similar to any degree in an accredited American university.  The engineering departments also seek to improve the infrastructure and provision of equipment appropriate to the standards through obtaining institutional support. Despite the existence of some obstacles and challenges facing the engineering departments, they have benefited from accreditation. It was recommended to apply accreditation standards for all academic majors in universities for their importance for students, faculty members and the profession. Keywords: academic outcomes, faculty of engineering, University of Jordan, abet accreditation standards, faculty, quality representatives.

scholarly journals Safety Impacts of Converting Two-Way Left-Turn Lanes to Raised Medians and Associated Design Concerns

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka Alluri ◽  
Albert Gan ◽  
Kirolos Haleem
Keyword(s):  
Data Availability ◽  
Left Turn ◽  
Arterial Streets ◽  
Crash Data ◽  
Potential Safety ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Crash Types ◽  
Associated Design ◽  
Urban Arterial

Raised medians and two-way left-turn lanes (TWLTLs) are the two most common types of median treatments on arterial streets. This paper aims to conduct a detailed study on the safety impacts of conversion from TWLTLs to raised medians on state roads in Florida. In addition, the study also investigated several potential safety concerns related to raised medians on state roads, including crashes at median openings, vehicles directly hitting the median curb, and median crossover crashes. Based on data availability, 17.51 miles of urban arterial sections in Florida that were converted from TWLTLs to raised medians were analyzed. Police reports of all the crashes before and after median conversion were reviewed to correct miscoded crash types and obtain additional detailed crash information. Overall, a 28.5% reduction in total crash rate was observed after the 10 study locations were converted from TWLTLs to raised medians. The reductions in the proportions of left-turn and right-turn crashes were statistically significant, while the changes in the proportions of other crash types were not statistically significant. Furthermore, the crash data did not show evidence that raised medians are an additional hazard compared with TWLTLs.

scholarly journals Association between Crash Attributes and Drivers’ Crash Involvement: A Study Based on Police-Reported Crash Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (23) ◽  
pp. 9020
Author(s):  
Guofa Li ◽  
Weijian Lai ◽  
Xingda Qu
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Nearest Neighbors ◽  
Older Drivers ◽  
Driving Safety ◽  
Crash Data ◽  
Imbalance Problem ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Crash Types ◽  
Safety Enhancement

Understanding the association between crash attributes and drivers’ crash involvement in different types of crashes can help figure out the causation of crashes. The aim of this study was to examine the involvement in different types of crashes for drivers from different age groups, by using the police-reported crash data from 2014 to 2016 in Shenzhen, China. A synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE) together with edited nearest neighbors (ENN) were used to solve the data imbalance problem caused by the lack of crash records of older drivers. Logistic regression was utilized to estimate the probability of a certain type of crashes, and odds ratios that were calculated based on the logistic regression results were used to quantify the association between crash attributes and drivers’ crash involvement in different types of crashes. Results showed that drivers’ involvement patterns in different crash types were affected by different factors, and the involvement patterns differed among the examined age groups. Knowledge generated from the present study could help improve the development of countermeasures for driving safety enhancement.

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