Summer Water Turnover Rates in Free-Living Chukars and Sand Partridges in the Negev Desert

The Condor ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 333 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Allan Degen ◽  
Berry Pinshow ◽  
Philip U. Alkon
Keyword(s):  
Negev Desert ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Water Turnover ◽  
Free Living

Variation in Water Turnover by Wild Rabbits, Oryctolagus cuniculus, in an Arid Environment, due to Season, Age Group and Reproductive Condition

1979 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 289 ◽  
Author(s):  
GC Richards
Keyword(s):  
Arid Environment ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Reproductive Condition ◽  
Water Turnover ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Individual Rate ◽  
Wet And Dry Seasons

Rates of water turnover were measured in free-living rabbits during a period of wide variation of climate and water availability. Mean rate of water turnover was positively correlated with the hydration of the pasture (r = 0.987). Mean turnover rates per day ranged from 214.3 ml kg-1 in cool, wet conditions to 55.4 ml kg-' in a moderate summer drought. The lowest individual rate was 46.1 ml kg-1 per day. The rate of water turnover in young rabbits (1-2 months old) was significantly higher than that of adults measured at the same time; this may contribute to the low survival of young rabbits in dry seasons. A comparison of the rates of water turnover from lactating rabbits in wet and dry seasons shows that the estimated milk production under dry pasture conditions is below that required to maintain a litter of young.

Seasonal Water Turnover Rates of Free-Living Brandt's Voles Microtus brandti

1992 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu Zhi-long ◽  
Liu Zhong-min ◽  
Sun Ru-yong
Keyword(s):  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Water Turnover ◽  
Free Living

Energy Requirements and Water Turnover in Free-Living Leadbeater's Possums, Gymnobelideus Leadbeateri (Marsupialia: Petauridae).

1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 737 ◽  
Author(s):  
AP Smith ◽  
KA Nagy ◽  
MR Fleming ◽  
B Green
Keyword(s):  
Turnover Rate ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Specific Dynamic Action ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Water Turnover ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Doubly Labelled Water ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Plant Exudates ◽  
System Water

The field metabolic rate (FMC) and water turnover rate of free-living Leadbeater's possums (Gymnobelideus leadbeateri) was estimated by means of doubly labelled water. This information was combined with field estimations of daily activity, and laboratory estimations of basal metabolism, to formulate daily energy budget. Possums emerged from their nest at dusk, but returned to them periodically throughout the night. An estimated 17.7 h of the day was spent in the nest at a total energy cost of 29 kJ (13% of FMR). Of the total 197 kJ expended during the 6.3-h active period, 10 kJ (4% of FMR) was attributable to maintenance costs, 23 kJ (10% of FMR) to thermoregulation, and 165 kJ (73% of FMR) to activity and specific dynamic action. The apparently high cost of activity is consistent with the dispersed nature of the possums' food supply and their well developed, territorial social system. Water turnover rates varied with season, sex and rainfall. Water shortage at certain periods of year may restrict exploitation of some food items (dehydrated plant exudates).

Phenology, diet, and water turnover rates of Negev desert chukars

1985 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip U. Alkon ◽  
A. Allan Degen ◽  
Berry Pinshow ◽  
Peter J. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Negev Desert ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Water Turnover

Adaptations to prolonged fasting in free-living weaned gray seal pups

1991 ◽  
Vol 260 (2) ◽  
pp. R267-R272 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Reilly
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Tritiated Water ◽  
Urinary Output ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Prolonged Fasting ◽  
Water Turnover ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Gray Seal ◽  
Composition Changes

The water and energy metabolism of 12 free-living gray seal pups during their postweaning fast was investigated using tritiated water for determination of rates of energy expenditure and water turnover and changes in body composition. Changes in serum composition and urinary output were also measured. The duration of the postweaning fast ranged from 10 to greater than 28 days. The mean daily energy expenditure of pups was 12.0 +/- 1.0 (SE) MJ, equivalent to 2.7 times the basal metabolic rate predicted from M. Kleiber (The Fire of Life. Huntington, NY: Krieger, 1975). On average, lipid catabolism provided 94% of the energy used. Water-turnover rates were lower than predicted from C. R. Richmond, W. H. Langham, and T. T. Trujillo (J. Cell. Comp. Physiol. 59: 45-55, 1962). Urinary output of water and solute were also low, and these declined as the fast progressed. Although pups were in negative water balance, there was no evidence that they experience dehydration during the post-weaning fast. The principal adaptations to prolonged fasting in weaned gray seals are, therefore, lowering of field metabolic and water-turnover rate and reliance on stored lipid as fuel.

Field water-turnover rates of three Gerbillurus species

1990 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colleen T. Downs ◽  
M.R. Perrin
Keyword(s):  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Water Turnover

Seasonal Water Turnover Rates and Body Water Volumes in Desert Chukars

The Condor ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip U. Alkon ◽  
Berry Pinshow ◽  
A. Allan Degen
Keyword(s):  
Body Water ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Water Turnover ◽  
Water Volumes

Seasonal Time-Energy Budgets of Free-Living Chukars in the Negev Desert

The Condor ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurit Carmi-Winkler ◽  
A. Allan Degen ◽  
Berry Pinshow
Keyword(s):  
Negev Desert ◽  
Energy Budgets ◽  
Free Living
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