Seasonal Time-Energy Budgets of Free-Living Chukars in the Negev Desert

The Condor ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurit Carmi-Winkler ◽  
A. Allan Degen ◽  
Berry Pinshow
Keyword(s):  
Negev Desert ◽  
Energy Budgets ◽  
Free Living

scholarly journals Nocturnal torpor by superb fairy-wrens: a key mechanism for reducing winter daily energy expenditure

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 20190211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex B. Romano ◽  
Anthony Hunt ◽  
Justin A. Welbergen ◽  
Christopher Turbill
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
High Mass ◽  
Energy Budgets ◽  
Specific Rate ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Malurus Cyaneus

Many passerine birds are small and require a high mass-specific rate of resting energy expenditure, especially in the cold. The energetics of thermoregulation is, therefore, an important aspect of their ecology, yet few studies have quantified thermoregulatory patterns in wild passerines. We used miniature telemetry to record the skin temperature ( T skin ) of free-living superb fairy-wrens ( Malurus cyaneus , 8.6 g; n = 6 birds over N = 7–22 days) and determine the importance of controlled reductions in body temperature during resting to their winter energy budgets. Fairy-wrens routinely exhibited large daily fluctuations in T skin between maxima of 41.9 ± 0.6°C and minima of 30.4 ± 0.7°C, with overall individual minima of 27.4 ± 1.1°C (maximum daily range: 14.7 ± 0.9°C). These results provide strong evidence of nocturnal torpor in this small passerine, which we calculated to provide a 42% reduction in resting metabolic rate at a T a of 5°C compared to active-phase T skin . A capacity for energy-saving torpor has important consequences for understanding the behaviour and life-history ecology of superb fairy-wrens. Moreover, our novel field data suggest that torpor could be more widespread and important than previously thought within passerines, the most diverse order of birds.

Reproductive cycle of free-living male Saharan sand vipers, Cerastes vipera (Viperidae) in the Negev desert, Israel

2012 ◽  
Vol 179 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaim Sivan ◽  
Michael Kam ◽  
Shlomo Hadad ◽  
A. Allan Degen ◽  
Israel Rozenboim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Negev Desert ◽  
Free Living

Summer Water Turnover Rates in Free-Living Chukars and Sand Partridges in the Negev Desert

The Condor ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 333 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Allan Degen ◽  
Berry Pinshow ◽  
Philip U. Alkon
Keyword(s):  
Negev Desert ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Water Turnover ◽  
Free Living

scholarly journals Energy Expenditure during Free Flight in Trained and Free-Living Eurasian Kestrels (Falco Tinnunculus)

The Auk ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 603-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirkjan Masman ◽  
Marcel Klaassen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Energy Budgets ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Falco Tinnunculus ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Avian Flight ◽  
Flight Costs ◽  
Directional Flight

Abstract During directional flight trained Eurasian Kestrels (Falco tinnunculus) in the laboratory expended 13.8 W. Free-living birds expended 14.6 W during nonsoaring flight that included both directional flight and wind hovering. The former value was obtained by combining food balance and indirect calorimetry techniques, the latter by doubly labeled water (Dz18O). Because the energy-expenditure rates are so similar for directional flight alone and for wind hovering and directional flight combined, we argue that the value for either mode of kestrel flight may be used to analyze time-energy budgets. We predicted avian flight costs (et) from an equation based on published data on flight costs in 14 species (body mass 3.8-1,000 g): where M is body mass (g), bw is wing span (cm), and Sw is wing area (cm2). Inclusion of the morphological data with body mass significantly improved the prediction of flight cost [r2 = 0.84 vs. r2 = 0.75 without bw and sw, Fc (2,18) = 5.34, P < 0.05]. Received 8 May 1986, accepted 29 November 1986.

scholarly journals Metabolic costs of growth in free‐living Garter Snakes and the energy budgets of ectotherms

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 500-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Peterson ◽  
B. M. Walton ◽  
A. F. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Energy Budgets ◽  
Garter Snakes ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Metabolic Costs

Tri-axial accelerometers tease apart discrete behaviours in the common cuttlefish Sepia officinalis

2012 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 1389-1392 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.N. Lyons ◽  
E.C. Pope ◽  
B. Kostka ◽  
R.P. Wilson ◽  
Z. Dobrajc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Budgets ◽  
Sepia Officinalis ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Depth Profiles ◽  
Data Loggers ◽  
Acceleration Data ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
Overall Dynamic Body Acceleration ◽  
The Common ◽  
Active Swimming

Acceleration data loggers can be used to construct time–energy budgets or identify specific behaviours in free living animals. Within a marine context such devices have been largely deployed on vertebrates with comparatively little attention paid to commercially important invertebrates such as cephalopod molluscs. Here we tested the utility of tri-axial accelerometers to tease apart six discrete behaviours in the common cuttlefish Sepia officinalis. By considering depth profiles in conjunction with body pitch and roll and overall dynamic body acceleration we were able to make distinctions between resting at the seabed, active swimming, mating, post-coital panting and active manoeuvring along the seabed.

scholarly journals Energy Budgets in Free-Living Green Iguanas in a Seasonal Environment

Ecology ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 1157-1172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wouter D. Van Marken Lichtenbelt ◽  
Renate A. Wesselingh ◽  
Jacob T. Vogel ◽  
Koen B. M. Albers
Keyword(s):  
Energy Budgets ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Seasonal Environment ◽  
Green Iguanas

Ultrastructure of neuromuscular relationships in the canine heartworm (dirofilaria immitis)

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 278-279
Author(s):  
W. L. Steffens ◽  
Nancy B. Roberts ◽  
J. M. Bowen
Keyword(s):  
Dirofilaria Immitis ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Structural Description ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Canine Heartworm ◽  
The World ◽  
Synaptic Region ◽  
Muscle Innervation ◽  
Insight Into

The canine heartworm is a common and serious nematode parasite of domestic dogs in many parts of the world. Although nematode neuroanatomy is fairly well documented, the emphasis has been on sensory anatomy and primarily in free-living soil species and ascarids. Lee and Miller reported on the muscular anatomy in the heartworm, but provided little insight into the peripheral nervous system or myoneural relationships. The classical fine-structural description of nematode muscle innervation is Rosenbluth's earlier work in Ascaris. Since the pharmacological effects of some nematacides currently being developed are neuromuscular in nature, a better understanding of heartworm myoneural anatomy, particularly in reference to the synaptic region is warranted.

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