scholarly journals The yield and growth characteristics of thymus (Thymus daenensis L.) treated with different fertilizers and plant densities

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-51
Author(s):  
Babak Jasemi ◽  
Ghobad Shabani ◽  
Mohammad Chaichi ◽  
Shahab Khoshkhoi ◽  
Negin Norozi
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Potassium Sulfate ◽  
Fertilizer Efficiency ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight

To study the effect of plant density and different nutritional systems (chemical, biological, and integrated) on the quantitative and qualitative performance of Thymus daenensis L. in Mahidasht Agricultural Training Center, Kermanshah/Iran, in 2017, an experiment was conducted in a split-plot design based on a randomized complete block with four replications. The first variable involved two planting distances in the row of 15 and 30 cm (the main factor), and the subsidiary factor comprised four different nutritional systems including control (no-fertilizer), chemical (100 kg superphosphate, 100 kg potassium sulfate, 150 kg urea per ha), biological (8 tons of cattle manure/ha), and integrated (50% cattle manure + 50% chemical) fertilizers. The results showed that the integrated fertilizer treatment produced the highest shoot dry weight (789.1 kg/ha), essential oil content (3.35%) and root length (15.97 cm). The integrated fertilizer treatment along with the 30-cm planting density resulted in the highest essential oil content of 3.35%. The results of this project have suggested that the integrated fertilizer and the 30-cm planting interval is the optimal treatment in thymus production due to the higher chemical fertilizer efficiency and better crop quality.

scholarly journals Biomass yield and energy efficiency of willow depending on cultivar, harvesting frequency and planting density

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 377-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogdan Kulig ◽  
Edward Gacek ◽  
Roman Wojciechowski ◽  
Andrzej Oleksy ◽  
Marek Kołodziejczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Full Production ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One

The study aimed at comparing the yield of dry biomass and energy efficiency of 22 willow cultivars depending on the harvesting frequency and variable plant density. The field experiment was established in 2010. The willow cultivars were planted in two densities; 13 300 and 32 500 plants per ha. Among the compared cultivars in the second year (2013) of full production, high yield of dry matter was obtained from cvs. Tordis (33.1 t/ha/year), Inger (30.4 t/ha/year) and Klara (29.0 t/ha/year). After six years of cultivation, the highest aboveground dry matter was given by cvs. Tora (27.4 t/ha/year) and Tordis (27.0 t/ha/year). The gross calorific value of willow biomass ranged from 15.2–20.1 GJ/t dry weight. Greater energy efficiency (329.3 GJ/ha/year) occurred in willow cultivars collected in a two-year cycle than in the one-year cycle (286.4 GJ/ha/year). In the two-year cycle collected in the third year after planting, energy efficiency was greater (379.5 GJ/ha/year) than in the two-year cycle harvested in the sixth year after planting (279.15 GJ/ha/year). The initial slower growth of biomass does not determine plant yielding.

scholarly journals Simulated mesotrione drift followed by glyphosate, imazethapyr, bentazon or glyphosate plus chlorimuron in soybean

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-272
Author(s):  
L. R. Brown ◽  
D. E. Robinson ◽  
K. Chandler ◽  
C. J. Swanton ◽  
R. E. Nurse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Herbicide Drift

There have been anecdotal accounts of increased crop sensitivity due to herbicide drift followed by an in-crop herbicide. An experiment was conducted from 2005 to 2007 at Elora, Ridgetown, and Woodstock, Ontario, to determine the effects of simulated mesotrione drift followed by in-crop applications of glyphosate, imazethapyr, bentazon and glyphosate plus chlorimuron on glyphosate-resistant soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] visual injury, plant height, plant density, shoot dry weight, and seed yield. As the rate of simulated mesotrione drift increased, there was an increase in soybean injury and a decrease in shoot dry weight, height, and yield. Simulated mesotrione drift followed by bentazon resulted in synergistic responses in injury shortly after application in some environments. This increase in injury was transient, with no synergistic responses in density, shoot dry weight, and yield. In contrast, antagonistic responses were observed when glyphosate, imazethapyr, or glyphosate plus chlorimuron were applied after simulated mesotrione drift in some environments. Further research is required to develop a better understanding of the interactions of drift followed by the application of an in-crop herbicide. Key words: Bentazon, chlorimuron, glyphosate, imazethapyr, mesotrione, synergism

scholarly journals Growing Medium and Fertilization Regime Influence Growth and Essential Oil Content of Rosemary

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas H. Boyle ◽  
Lyle E. Craker ◽  
James E. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Soil ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Sphagnum Peat ◽  
Growing Medium ◽  
Liquid Fertilization ◽  
Fertilizer Regimes ◽  
Essential Oil Yield

Plants of rosemary [Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Lamiaceae)] were grown in pots containing a soilless (1 sphagnum peat:1 perlite) or soil-based (1 sphagnum peat: 1 perlite:1 field soil) growing medium and fertilized with either 12N-5.2P-12.5K controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) at 9.0 g/pot; constant liquid fertilization (LF) with 20N4.3P-16.7K at 150 mg N/liter; constant LF at 150 mg N/liter, plus CRF at 4.5 g/pot; weekly LF at 150 mg N/liter; or weekly LF at 150 mg N/liter, plus CRF at 4.5 g/pot. Constant LF plus CRF generally reduced plant height and depressed shoot fresh weight relative to other fertilizer regimes. Essential oil content was highest in plants receiving weekly LF. Plants grown in the soil-based mix were shorter, shoot fresh and dry weight tended to be lower, and essential oil yield was higher when compared to plants grown in the soilless mix. Satisfactory growth was obtained in both media when rosemary plants were fertilized with 12N-5.2P-12.5K CRF at 9.0 g/pot or weekly LF with 20N<.3P-16.7K at 150 mg N/liter.

scholarly journals Effect of Harvesting Time and Iron Application on Moldavian balm

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 505-508
Author(s):  
Prshang KHALILI ◽  
Reza AMIRNIA
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Iron Content ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Branch Number ◽  
Study Results

Dracocephalum moldavica L. of the Labiatae family is an annual herbaceous plant. In Iran it is known as Badrashbi and Badrashboo. Recent publications have reported antibacterial and antimicrobial properties of its essential oil, which have a wide usage in industry. In this research, the effects of iron foliar application and different yields’ harvest times on the essential oil content and some morphological treats (plant height, branch number, fresh and dry weights, essential oil content and leaf Iron content) were investigated under experimental study in faculty of Agriculture of Urmia University during 2012. A factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications was used in the present study. Results showed that foliar application of iron had a significant effect on branch number, fresh and dry weight, biomass and oil percentage. Similarly, harvest time had a significant influence on fresh and dry weight, essential oil content, essential oil yield and leaf iron content, but its effect was not significant on stem diameter and branch number. The best harvest time for Dracocephalum moldavica L. was at 100% of flowering and 6 ml/l of iron application showed the best results in all characters measured.

scholarly journals Effects of Drought Stress on Biomass, Essential Oil Content, Nutritional Parameters, and Costs of Production in Six Lamiaceae Species

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro García-Caparrós ◽  
María Romero ◽  
Alfonso Llanderal ◽  
Pedro Cermeño ◽  
María Lao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Mentha Piperita ◽  
Effects Of Drought ◽  
Lavandula Latifolia

Lamiaceae is one of the largest families of aromatic plants and it is characterized by the presence of external glandular structures which produce essential oils highly valued in cosmetics and medicine. Plants of Lavandula latifolia, Mentha piperita, Salvia sclarea, Salvia lavandulifolia, Thymus capitatus, and Thymus mastichina were grown for one year. In order to evaluate the effects of drought stress, plants were subjected to two water treatments (100% ETo and 70% ETo, including the rainfall during the experimental period). At the end of the experiment, the biomass, the essential oil content, and leaf nutrients concentration were assessed for each water treatment and species studied. At the end of the experiment, L. latifolia, M. piperita and T. capitatus plants showed a significant fresh weight reduction under drought stress conditions whereas the other species studied remained unchanged. With respect to dry weight, only L. latifolia plants showed a reduction under water deficit conditions. As far as essential oil content was concerned, L. latifolia and S. sclarea plants had a reduction under water deficit conditions. Leaf nutrient concentration showed different trends between species considering the nutrient assessed. The economic viability of the growth of this species will be dependent on the benefits achieved which are related to yield production obtained and the price accorded for both raw material and the essential oil extracted.

scholarly journals Peanut Yield Potential as Influenced by Cropping System and Plant Density

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-133
Author(s):  
P. E. Igbokwe ◽  
N. V. K. Nkongolo
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Vetiveria Zizanioides ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Pod Number

Abstract This study was conducted on a Memphis silt loam at Alcorn State University in 1992 and 1993 and investigated row-intercropping as a low-input alternative to the conventional cropping system for peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) production in southwestern Mississippi. Extractable P and exchangeable cations were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher for vetiver-peanut row-intercropping in 1992. Extractable S and P were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher for vetiver-peanut row-intercropping and conventional peanut monocropping, respectively, in 1993. Plant height, shoot dry weight, the number of yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L.) per row, insect lesions per leaflet, and rodent diggings per row were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher for conventional peanut monocropping than when peanut was intercropped with vetiver grass [Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash]. Peanut pod number, pod weight, seed number, and seed weight also were higher for conventional peanut monocropping. The seed mineral composition generally was not affected by cropping system and plant spacing. Peanut yield was higher for 15.2 cm within-row plant spacing compared to 10.2- and 20.3-cm spacings investigated in this study. Interaction between cropping system and plant spacing was significant for pod number, pod weight, seed number, seed weight, and seed Ca and Fe compositions in 1992, but only significant for seed number, seed weight, and seed Fe and Zn compositions in 1993.

Factors affecting growth and reproduction of Noogoora burr (Xanthium occidentale Bertol.)

1984 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 271 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ Martin ◽  
JA Carnahan
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
High Plant Density ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

Plant density and availability of light and water significantly affected growth and reproduction of Noogoora burr plants grown in a glasshouse. Burr yield was reduced most by low levels of available water. Low light intensity, low water availability and high plant density reduced net assimilation rates and, in combination, caused the greatest reduction in burr production. Under field conditions the ratio of burr dry weight to total shoot dry weight decreased with increasing plant density. In terms of production per unit area, dry weight of main stems and main stem leaves increased with increasing plant density at the expense of burr dry weight. We conclude that the success of Noogoora burr as a fleece contaminant could be attributed, in part, to: the insensitivity of burr production to variation in soil fertility and length of growing season; the ability to regulate plant density under conditions of limiting light or water; and the ability to regulate plant components so that the efficiency of burr production increases with a decrease in plant density.

scholarly journals Nano-iron fertilizer effects on some plant traits of dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) under different sowing densities

2016 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed YOUSEFZADEH ◽  
Naser Sabaghnia
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Total Anthocyanins ◽  
Flowering Branch ◽  
Fertilizer Rates ◽  
Essential Oil Yield ◽  
Iron Fertilizer

<p>evaluate the effects of iron nano-fertilizer rates (0, 1, 2 and 3 g l<sup>-1</sup>) and planting density levels (10, 15, 20 and 40 cm) on the fresh herb, essential oil content and other traits under the natural conditions. Traits such as number of flowering branches (NFB), height of first flowering branch (HFB), number of secondary branches (NSB), stem diameter (SD), essential oil content (EOC), dry mass (DM), essential oil yield (EOY), total anthocyanins (TA), chlorophyll a (CA), chlorophyll b (CB), flavonoid 270 nm (F270), flavonoid 300 nm (F300), and total flavonoid (TF) were measured. Results showed that the nano Fe treatment × trait (TT) biplot accounted 39 % and 25 % of total variation, respectively. The vertex treatments in polygon biplot were D2-N2 (15 cm density and 1 g l<sup>-1</sup> nano-fertilizer) was the best in the EOC, DM and EOY, while D4-N3 (40 cm density and 2 g l<sup>-1</sup> nano-fertilizer) was the best for TA, F270, F300 and TF. Sowing densities (10, 15 and 20 cm) with iron nano-fertilizer treatments (1 and 2 g l<sup>-1</sup>) were the best combinations of evaluated factors for all the measured traits of the dragonhead.</p>

Effect of barley plant density on wild oat interference, shoot biomass and seed yield under zero tillage

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 655-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. O'Donovan ◽  
J. C. Newman ◽  
K. N. Harker ◽  
R. E. Blackshaw ◽  
D. W. McAndrew
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Barley Plant ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Plant Densities

There has been little research aimed at developing regression models to describe the effects of barley and wild oat plant density on barley yield loss, or wild oat biomass and seed yield. Such models are an important component of integrated weed management systems, and can help determine when weed control with herbicides is economical. Field experiments were conducted over 4 yr at Vegreville, Alberta, to determine the interactive effects of wild oat and barley plant density on barley and wild oat variables in a zero tillage system. A nonlinear regression model in most cases provided good descriptions of barley yield loss, wild oat shoot dry weight, and wild oat seed yield as functions of wild oat and barley plant densities. The interactive effect of wild oat and barley plant density on percentage barley yield loss did not differ significantly (P = 0.05) among years. A pooled regression model describing barley yield loss accounted for 57% of the variation, and provides a means of estimating yield loss due to wild oat in barley grown under zero tillage. Barley yield loss increased as wild oat density increased but the magnitude of the yield loss diminished with increasing barley plant density. Wild oat economic threshold densities varied among years, and were strongly influenced by barley price and expected wild oat-free yield. Economic thresholds were greater at higher barley plant densities. Barley seed weight decreased with increasing barley plant density, and to a lesser extent with increasing wild oat density. The interactive effect of wild oat and barley plant density on wild oat seed yield varied significantly with year, and appeared to be influenced by climatic conditions. The cooler, wetter spring of 1996 favored wild oat seed production (by several orders of magnitude) compared with the relatively warmer and drier spring of 1995. Each year wild oat seed yield and shoot dry weight decreased as barley plant density increased. The results suggest that seeding barley at relatively high rates may reduce the need for wild oat control with herbicides in zero tillage systems. Key words: Zero tillage, wild oat interference, barley seeding rate, nonlinear regression

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