scholarly journals Effects of Drought Stress on Biomass, Essential Oil Content, Nutritional Parameters, and Costs of Production in Six Lamiaceae Species

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro García-Caparrós ◽  
María Romero ◽  
Alfonso Llanderal ◽  
Pedro Cermeño ◽  
María Lao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Mentha Piperita ◽  
Effects Of Drought ◽  
Lavandula Latifolia

Lamiaceae is one of the largest families of aromatic plants and it is characterized by the presence of external glandular structures which produce essential oils highly valued in cosmetics and medicine. Plants of Lavandula latifolia, Mentha piperita, Salvia sclarea, Salvia lavandulifolia, Thymus capitatus, and Thymus mastichina were grown for one year. In order to evaluate the effects of drought stress, plants were subjected to two water treatments (100% ETo and 70% ETo, including the rainfall during the experimental period). At the end of the experiment, the biomass, the essential oil content, and leaf nutrients concentration were assessed for each water treatment and species studied. At the end of the experiment, L. latifolia, M. piperita and T. capitatus plants showed a significant fresh weight reduction under drought stress conditions whereas the other species studied remained unchanged. With respect to dry weight, only L. latifolia plants showed a reduction under water deficit conditions. As far as essential oil content was concerned, L. latifolia and S. sclarea plants had a reduction under water deficit conditions. Leaf nutrient concentration showed different trends between species considering the nutrient assessed. The economic viability of the growth of this species will be dependent on the benefits achieved which are related to yield production obtained and the price accorded for both raw material and the essential oil extracted.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Sub-Critical Fluid Extraction of the Essential Oil of Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) with That of Hydrodistillation

Eng ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 608-619
Author(s):  
David Mc Gaw ◽  
Rosemarie Skeene
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Fluid Extraction ◽  
Total Extract ◽  
Pharmaceutical Properties ◽  
The Tropics

Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) is a spice plant grown in the tropics that contains both an essential oil and an oleoresin. The essential oil is important as a flavouring and has pharmaceutical properties, while the oleoresin is bright yellow in colour and has medicinal properties. The essential oil has traditionally been extracted by hydrodistillation/steam distillation with the total extract being extracted by solvent extraction and more recently by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). The objective of the work described in this paper was to investigate the possibility of extracting the essential oil using sub-critical fluid extraction and to compare it with hydrodistillation. The experiments using hydrodistillation showed that unpeeled fresh turmeric was the preferred raw material, giving an oil yield of ≈6% dry weight basis, which is similar to that reported in the literature. The experimental programme on the extraction of the oil from dried unpeeled turmeric was carried out over a temperature range from 25 to 30 °C and pressures from 65 to 71 bar. Yields were generally higher than hydrodistillation (up to ≈9% dry weight basis) as were the compositions of the extracted oils. The preferred operating conditions were determined to be 25 °C temperature and 65 bar pressure. Curcumin, the major component of the oleoresin, was not found in the oil, thereby demonstrating that the sub-critical extract is a pure essential oil. It is suggested that consideration be given to evaluating an SFE process whereby the essential oil is initially fully extracted under sub-critical fluid extraction conditions, after which the oleoresin is extracted separately by raising the pressure to ≈250 bar.

scholarly journals Effect of Drought and Salinity on Volatile Organic Compounds and Other Secondary Metabolites of Citrus aurantium Leaves

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1701200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarrou Eirini ◽  
Chatzopoulou Paschalina ◽  
Therios Ioannis ◽  
Dimassi-Theriou Kortessa
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Geranyl Acetate ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Citrus Aurantium ◽  
Volatile Organic

Research was carried out in order to evaluate the effect of drought and salinity on Citrus aurantium L. plant physiological characteristics, total phenolic, flavonoid and ascorbic acid contents, and volatile organic compounds. C. aurantium plants were exposed to different levels of drought and salinity for an experimental period of 60 days. Moderate water deficit (MWD) and 100 mM NaCl increased significantly leaf total phenolic, flavonoid and ascorbic acid contents. Both drought and salinity promoted the accumulation of essential oil in leaves, while MWD and 100 mM NaCl resulted in the highest concentrations of essential oil. The main compounds of the essential oil were linalool, linalyl acetate, neryl acetate, geranyl acetate and α-terpineol. MWD and severe water deficit (SWD) reduced the concentration of hydrocarbon monoterpenes and promoted the accumulation of oxygenated compounds, while treatment with 50 and 100 Mm NaCl, promoted the accumulation of hydrocarbon monoterpenes and reduced oxygenated monoterpene concentrations in C. aurantium.

scholarly journals Morphological and physiological responses of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) to drought stress and dust pollution

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Karami ◽  
Nasser Ghaderi ◽  
Taimoor Javadi
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Dust Pollution ◽  
Negative Effect

Abstract Dust pollution can negatively affect plant productivity in hot, dry areas with high insolation during summer. To understand the effect of water-deficit and its interaction with dust pollution on vegetative and physiological changes in grapevine ʻBidaneh Sefidʼ, two-year-old plants were subjected to drought stress (-0.1 and -1 MPa) and dust treatment in a greenhouse during 2013 and 2014. The results showed that dust had a significant negative effect on the number of leaves, shoot length, root and shoot dry weights, and total dry weight under both drought and well-irrigated conditions. Dust, when applied in combination with drought, caused severe growth reduction. Leaf relative water content (RWC) and membrane stability index (MSI) were reduced under dust and drought stress, while soluble carbohydrate, proline, malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2 concentrations increased. Furthermore, dust application resulted in characteristics similar to those induced by water-deficit stress and intensified vegetative and physiological changes when applied together. Dust and drought treatments increased peroxidases and ascorbate peroxidase activities when compared to the control. The results indicate that dust has an adverse effect on the growth and physiology of grapevine and plays a negative role in the response of grapevine to drought stress.

IMPACT OF SEASON AND HARVEST FREQUENCY ON BIOMASS AND ESSENTIAL OIL YIELDS OF ARTEMISIA HERBA-ALBA CULTIVATED IN SOUTHERN TUNISIA

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
HEDI MIGHRI ◽  
AHMED AKROUT ◽  
JOSEPH CASANOVA ◽  
FELIX TOMI ◽  
MOHAMED NEFFATI
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Harvest Frequency ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Essential Oil Yield

SUMMARYArtemisia herba-alba Asso has been successfully cultivated in the Tunisian arid zone. However, information regarding the effects of the harvest frequency on its biomass and essential oil yields is very limited. In this study, the effects of three different frequencies of harvesting the upper half of the A. herba-alba plant tuft were compared. The harvest treatments were: harvesting the same individual plants at the flowering stage annually; harvesting the same individual plants at the full vegetative growth stage annually and harvesting the same individual plants every six months. Statistical analyses indicated that all properties studied were affected by the harvest frequency. Essential oil yield, depended both on the dry biomass and its essential oil content, and was significantly higher from plants harvested annually at the flowering stage than the other two treatments. The composition of the β- and α-thujone-rich oils did not vary throughout the experimental period.

scholarly journals Growing Medium and Fertilization Regime Influence Growth and Essential Oil Content of Rosemary

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas H. Boyle ◽  
Lyle E. Craker ◽  
James E. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Soil ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Sphagnum Peat ◽  
Growing Medium ◽  
Liquid Fertilization ◽  
Fertilizer Regimes ◽  
Essential Oil Yield

Plants of rosemary [Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Lamiaceae)] were grown in pots containing a soilless (1 sphagnum peat:1 perlite) or soil-based (1 sphagnum peat: 1 perlite:1 field soil) growing medium and fertilized with either 12N-5.2P-12.5K controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) at 9.0 g/pot; constant liquid fertilization (LF) with 20N4.3P-16.7K at 150 mg N/liter; constant LF at 150 mg N/liter, plus CRF at 4.5 g/pot; weekly LF at 150 mg N/liter; or weekly LF at 150 mg N/liter, plus CRF at 4.5 g/pot. Constant LF plus CRF generally reduced plant height and depressed shoot fresh weight relative to other fertilizer regimes. Essential oil content was highest in plants receiving weekly LF. Plants grown in the soil-based mix were shorter, shoot fresh and dry weight tended to be lower, and essential oil yield was higher when compared to plants grown in the soilless mix. Satisfactory growth was obtained in both media when rosemary plants were fertilized with 12N-5.2P-12.5K CRF at 9.0 g/pot or weekly LF with 20N<.3P-16.7K at 150 mg N/liter.

scholarly journals The Influence of Different Drying Methods on Essential Oil Content and Composition of Peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) in Çukurova Conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (3s2) ◽  
pp. s518-s521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuncay ÇALIŞKAN ◽  
Hasan MARAL ◽  
Laura María Vanessa Gutierrez Prieto ◽  
Ebru KAFKAS ◽  
Saliha KIRICI
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Mentha Piperita ◽  
Drying Methods

scholarly journals Morphological and Chemical Traits as Quality Determinants of Common Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), on the Example of ‘Standard Winter’ Cultivar

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Kosakowska ◽  
Katarzyna Bączek ◽  
Jarosław L. Przybył ◽  
Anna Pawełczak ◽  
Katarzyna Rolewska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Rosmarinic Acid ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Intraspecific Variability ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Chemical Characters

Common thyme is regarded as one of the most important culinary plants. The purpose of the work was to determine the intraspecific variability of common thyme with respect to morphological and chemical characters including the content and composition of essential oil and phenolic compounds in the herb. The objects of the study were 12 clones, vegetatively multiplied from randomly selected individual plants of cultivar ‘Standard Winter’. The morphological observations and harvest of raw materials were carried out in the first year plants’ vegetation. The highest differences between clones were on fresh and dry weight of herb (CV = 0.38 and 0.36, respectively), width of leaves (CV = 0.21), and density of glandular trichomes on the abaxial surface of leaves (CV = 0.29). Examined clones were also differentiated as to the chemical features. Essential oil content (performed by hydrodestillation) and composition (by GC-MS and GC-FID) were determined and they ranged from 2.10 to 4.38 g × 100 g−1 DW. Here, thymol, γ-terpinen, and p-cymen were the dominant compounds. Clone no. 4 was distinctive as to the highest content of essential oil followed by the highest share of thymol (54.59%). The total content of phenolic acids and flavonoids (determined according to PPh 6th) also differed among clones (CV = 0.38 and 0.36, respectively). Using a validated HPLC-DAD method, the following compounds were identified: caffeic, rosmarinic, p-coumaric acids, luteolin 7-O-glucoside, naryngenin, and (−)-epicatechin. Here, rosmarinic acid followed by luteolin 7-O-glucoside were present in the highest amounts (611.47–2675.59 and 46.77–325.11 mg × 100 g−1 DW, respectively). The highest differences between clones were the contents of p-coumaric acid (CV = 0.59), luteolin 7-O-glucoside (CV = 0.50) and rosmarinic acid (CV = 0.40). Such a high range of variability can provide problems with raw material standardization. Nevertheless, it opens possibilities for breeders, whereas individual plants/clones may become valuable components for breeding.

scholarly journals Effect of Harvesting Time and Iron Application on Moldavian balm

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 505-508
Author(s):  
Prshang KHALILI ◽  
Reza AMIRNIA
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Iron Content ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Branch Number ◽  
Study Results

Dracocephalum moldavica L. of the Labiatae family is an annual herbaceous plant. In Iran it is known as Badrashbi and Badrashboo. Recent publications have reported antibacterial and antimicrobial properties of its essential oil, which have a wide usage in industry. In this research, the effects of iron foliar application and different yields’ harvest times on the essential oil content and some morphological treats (plant height, branch number, fresh and dry weights, essential oil content and leaf Iron content) were investigated under experimental study in faculty of Agriculture of Urmia University during 2012. A factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications was used in the present study. Results showed that foliar application of iron had a significant effect on branch number, fresh and dry weight, biomass and oil percentage. Similarly, harvest time had a significant influence on fresh and dry weight, essential oil content, essential oil yield and leaf iron content, but its effect was not significant on stem diameter and branch number. The best harvest time for Dracocephalum moldavica L. was at 100% of flowering and 6 ml/l of iron application showed the best results in all characters measured.

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