scholarly journals The influence of genotype and osmotic stress on germination and seedling of maize

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Mandic ◽  
Z. Bijelic ◽  
V. Krnjaja ◽  
Z. Tomic ◽  
A. Simic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Early Seedling Growth ◽  
Vigor Index ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Sterile Plastic

The aim of this research was to estimate the influence of different NaCl osmotic solutions (0, -0.3 MPa, -0.6 MPa, -0.9 MPa, -1.2 MPa, -1.5 MPa) on seed germination, and early seedling growth in two maize hybrid different maturity groups (ZP 560 - FAO 500 and ZP 666 - FAO 600). Germination was tested in sterile plastic vessels on filter paper moistened with different NaCl solutions, in the dark at 20 ? 1?C, in laboratory. Results of ANOVA indicated that hybrid ZP 666 had significantly higher root length (RL) (6.37 cm), shoot length (ShL) (2.06 cm), shoot fresh weight (ShFW) (43.86 mg), root dry weight (RDW) (7.56 mg), shoot dry weight (ShDW) (5.97 mg), seedling vigor index (SVI) (706.55) and dry matter stress tolerance index (DMSI) (55.85%) than hybrid ZP 560 (4.18 cm, 1.14 cm, 32.50 mg, 6.54 mg, 4.15 mg, 457.61 and 48.86%, respectively). Contrary, hybrid ZP 560 had significantly higher relative seedling water content (RSWC) (83.83%) and phytotoxicity of shoot (PhSh) (69.77%) than hybrid ZP 666 (81.16% and 62.51%, respectively). Generally, hybrid ZP 666 had better tolerance to salt stress than hybrid ZP 560. Germination energy (GE), germination (G), RL, ShL, root fresh weight (RFW), ShFW, RDW, ShDW, rate germination index (RGI), SVI, RSWC and DMSI were significantly decreased with the increase in osmotic stress induced by NaCl. Contrary, phytotoxicity of root (PhR) and PhSh significantly increased with the increase in osmotic stress.

scholarly journals Effect of acid stress on germination and early seedling growth of red clover

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 1295-1303 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Mandic ◽  
Z. Tomic ◽  
V. Krnjaja ◽  
Z. Bijelic ◽  
M. Zujovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Stress ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Hard Seed ◽  
Early Seedling Growth ◽  
Vigor Index ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Early Seedling

The aim of this investigation was to estimate the effect of four pH levels of germination media (4, 5, 6 and 7) on seed germination energy (GE), germination (G), percentage of dead or infected seeds (DIS), percentage of hard seed (HS), normal (NS) and abnormal seedlings (AS), root length (RL), shoot length (ShL), seedling length (SeL), fresh weight (FW) and dry weight (DW) of seedling, and seedling vigor index (SVI) in two red clover genotypes (cv. K-17 and cv. Kolubara). The experiment was conducted in the laboratory conditions of the Institute for Animal Husbandry in Belgrade in January 2011. The pH levels of germination media had significant effect on the NS (P<0.01), AS (P<0.01), RL (P<0.05), ShL (P<0.01), SeL (P<0.01), FW (P<0.01) and SVI (P<0.05). The lowest GE, G, NS, ShL, SeL, FW and SVI were found at pH 4. Also, the highest DIS, HS and AS were found at pH 4. The genotype had significant effect on HS (P<0.01), RL (P<0.01), ShL (P<0.01), SeL (P<0.01), FW (P<0.01) and SVI (P<0.01). Genotype and pH levels of germination media did not affect on GE, G, DIS and DW significantly.

scholarly journals Genetic variability of red clover seedlings in relation to salt stress

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Mandic ◽  
V. Krnjaja ◽  
Z. Bijelic ◽  
Z. Tomic ◽  
A. Simic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Early Seedling Growth ◽  
Vigor Index ◽  
Growing Medium ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Sterile Plastic

Red clover is highly salt-sensitive plant, especially during germination and early seedling growth stages. The aim of this investigation was to estimate the effects of different saline conditions (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200mM NaCl) on germination and early seedling growth in four red clover varieties (Kolubara, K-32, K-17 and K-39). Germination test was conducted in the laboratory conditions using sterile plastic vessels on filter paper moistened with 10ml of the appropriate salt test solutions. It was observed that the germination energy (GE), germination (G), percentage of dead or infected seeds (DIS), normal seedlings (NS), root length (RL), shoot length (ShL), fresh weight (FW) and dry weight of seedling (DW) and seedling vigor index (SVI) were significantly decreased with increasing concentrations of NaCl in the growing medium. The tested varieties of red clover showed different NaCl tolerance at the seedling stage. Generally, studied red clover varieties are very sensitive to salt, especially K-32 which has the lowest values for GE, G, NS and SVI and highest for DIS. Variety K-17 proved to be a variety that the best tolerates conditions of salt stress because the values for GE, G, NS, RL and SVI were highest. Testing of varieties of red clover in the early seedling growth at different concentrations of NaCl in the growing medium could be helpful in the identification and selection of varieties for cultivation on saline soils.

scholarly journals Effect of waste water treated with TiO2 nanoparticles on early seedling growth of Zea mays L.

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 424-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonila Yaqoob ◽  
Faizan Ullah ◽  
Sultan Mehmood ◽  
Tariq Mahmood ◽  
Mohib Ullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Nano Tio2 ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Root Area ◽  
Early Seedling Growth ◽  
Early Seedling

Abstract The present investigation was to determine the effect of nano-TiO2 (2 to 6 nm) and waste water on early seedling growth of maize. The suspensions of nano-TiO2 either in deionized water or autoclaved waste water were applied at 100 mg/L, 50 mg/L and 25 mg/L under in vitro conditions. Analyses of waste water showed that it was not suitable for irrigation purposes as it had a higher content of heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cd, Cr and Cu) which were above permissible levels for irrigation. The higher concentration of nano-TiO2 (100 mg/L) and waste water significantly inhibited seed germination, seedling growth and caused accumulation of phenolics in maize plants (p &lt; 0.05). The application of nano-TiO2 at 25 mg/L significantly increased shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root fresh weight, root dry weight, root area, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids content (p &lt; 0.05). The adverse effects of waste water on growth attributes of maize were significantly ameliorated by nano-TiO2 at 25 mg/L (p &lt; 0.05). The treatment of waste water with nano-TiO2 (25 mg/L) is recommended before its utilization for agriculture purposes.

scholarly journals Selection of drought tolerant wheat genotypes by osmotic stress imposed at germination and early seedling stage

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-192
Author(s):  
RR Saha ◽  
A Hannan ◽  
A Nessa ◽  
MA Malek ◽  
MR Islam
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Metabolic Efficiency ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Vigour Index ◽  
Peg Treatment ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Different Levels

An experiment on hundred wheat genotypes under different levels of osmotic stress was carried out during 2014 to select the genotype(s) tolerant to drought at germination and early seedling stage. Different levels of osmotic stress were imposed by using polyethylene glycol (PEG). Three osmotic stress levels viz. control (distilled water), 15% PEG solution and 25% PEG solution were used. Among the 100 genotypes the rate of germination percentage, final germination (%), root and shoot dry weight, amount of respiration and vigour index under PEG treatment was found significantly lower than that of control condition. Compared to control condition relative decrease in rate of germination, final germination, amount of respiration and vigour index among the wheat genotypes were found more at 25% PEG than that of 15% PEG treatment. However, the seed metabolic efficiency was significantly higher in wheat genotypes under both 15% PEG and 25% PEG treatment compared to the control condition. A significant positive correlation exists between the important growth parameters like rate of germination (%), final germination (%), shoot dry weight, root dry weight and vigour index. On the basis of these physiological traits against osmotic stress, nine genotypes of wheat such as BD-480, BD-498, BD- 501, BD-513, BD-514, BD-519, BD-592, BD-618 and BD- 633 were selected as drought tolerant.SAARC J. Agri., 15(2): 177-192 (2017)

Physiological response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) at early seedling stage under salt stress conditions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Mann ◽  
Gurpreet Kaur ◽  
Ashwani Kumar ◽  
Satish Kumar Sanwal ◽  
Jogendra Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Early Seedling Growth ◽  
Early Seedling

Screening of chickpea lines for salt tolerance through seed germination and early seedling growth is crucial for their evaluation. Seeds of 30 chickpea genotypes were germinated on a sand bed irrigated with saline (3, 6, 9, 12 dS/m) and control solutions upto 30 days. At the early seedling stage (25-30 days), germination percentage, chlorophyll content, proline, root length, shoot length and seedling dry weight were found to be affected due to salinity. Salt tolerance index (STI) for plant biomass maintained a significant correlation with chlorophyll, proline, shoot length, and root length, which indicated that these parameters could be used as selection criteria for screening chickpea genotypes against salt stress. Significant differences in shoot length, root length, and seedling dry weight in 30-day-old seedlings were observed among selected chickpea genotypes as well. From the overall observation of germination characterstics and early seedling growth, it is concluded that the chickpea genotypes, HC-1, HC-5, ICC 867, ICC 5003, H-10-41 showed better salt tolerance as compared to the available salt tolerant check variety.

scholarly journals Effects of Seeding Density on Growth Attributes of Broadleaf Mustard in Nursery Bed

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
Nisha Niraula ◽  
Anil Timilsina
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seeding Density ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Broad Leaf ◽  
Growth Attributes

The productivity of crops is highly affected by the seedling quality, which is governed by seeding density in the nursery. So, an experiment was conducted to explore the effect of seedling spacing in the growth attributes of Broad Leaf Mustard cv. “Marpha Chauda Paate” at IAAS, Lamjung Campus, during Oct 2018. Four spacing treatments viz 0.5 cm × 1 cm, 1 cm × 1 cm, 1.5 cm ×1.5 cm and 2 cm × 2 cm were arranged in RCB Design with 5 replications. Observation of seedling height, leaf area, leaf number, shoot & root fresh weights, shoot dry matter, and dry matter percentage from twenty-three days old seedlings were recorded.  The total leaf area was estimated using the Image-J package. Data were tabulated in MS Excel and analyzed by Gen Stat. Treatments differed significantly in seedling height, shoot and root fresh weight, leaf area, root length, and shoot dry weight, while the number of leaves and dry matter percentage did not differ statistically. Maximum shoot fresh weight (1.09 g), shoot dry weight (0.11 g), leaf area (48.24 cm2), root length (4.89 cm), root fresh weight (0.03 g) per plant and shoot dry matter percentage (9.24%) were found in widest spacing (2 cm × 2 cm). However, seedling height was recorded higher in closer spacing. Therefore, the study of the overall characteristics asserted that the seed spaced at 2 cm × 2 cm produced superior seedling over all other spacings. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 8(1): 65-70

scholarly journals Growth and Biochemical Variations in Macrotyloma Uniflorum Var. Madhu Under Chromium Stress

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shilpee Dhali ◽  
, Madhusmit, Pradhan ◽  
Ranjan Kumar Sahoo ◽  
Chinmay Pradhan ◽  
Santanu Mohanty
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Process ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Phenotypic Expression ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Macrotyloma Uniflorum ◽  
Vigor Index ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Hydroponically Grown

The discharge of contaminated mining and industrial residues has become a major cause of environmental pollution. Seed is highly protective against external metal stresses. But they are highly sensitive during vegetative developmental process. In this study, germination was conducted in Macrotyloma uniflorum var. Madhu, in order to find out the effect of chromium toxicity on germination, growth and biochemical variations. The seeds were germinated in five different concentrations of chromium (25ìM, 50ìM, 100ìM, 150ìM and 200 ìM) solution. The hydroponically grown plants revealed the toxic phenotypic expression (root length, shoot length, seedling length, shoot vigor index, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root fresh weight and root dry weight) of plant after 3 growth stage (15 d, 30 d and 45 d). Similarly biochemical characteristics as well as antioxidant activities (Chlorophyll, carotenoid, carbohydrate, reducing sugar, catalase, proline content and peroxidase) were studied to see the toxic effect of chromium.

Effects of temperature and salinity on the germination of Puccinellia ciliata (Bor) cv. Menemen

1989 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 561 ◽  
Author(s):  
BA Myers ◽  
DI Couper
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Osmotic Effect ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Early Seedling Growth ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

Puccinecia ciliata is a salt-tolerant, winter-growing grass. The responses of germination of P. ciliata to salinity and temperature were investigated. With a day/night temperature regime of 25/15�C, the final germination percentage of P. ciliata in distilled water was 54%, and was not significantly affected by salinities up to 87 mol m NaCl (osmotic potential, =, -0.4 MPa), but decreased to 5.2% in 260 mol m-3 NaCl (=, -1.2 MPa). The n at which the final germination percentage was reduced by 5O0/n of that in distilled water was about -0.5 MPa, which was similar to that of Lolium perenne. However, for L. perenne, the final germination percentage decreased more rapidly with increasing salinity and from a higher value in distilled water (97%) compared with P. ciliata. Germination of P. ciliata was completely inhibited at constant 33�C and was low (<20%) where day temperature was 30�C and night temperature was greater than or equal to 17�C. Maximum germination was observed where day and night temperatures were between 17 and 24�C, but were not equal. The rate of germination decreased with increasing salinity and was maximal at temperatures between 17�C and 24�C. The reduction in the final germination percentage in NaCl solution was apparently an osmotic effect since the final germination percentage in iso-osmotic solutions of mannitol, polyethylene glycol, NaCl, KC1 and KNO3 were similar. P. ciliala and L. perenne were more salt sensitive during germination than during early seedling growth; for 35-day-old seedlings, shoot dry weight was reduced by 50% of that of the nonsaline treatment when irrigated with solution with = of -0.75 MPa for L. perenne and - 1.25 MPa for P. ciliala.

scholarly journals Impact of mixing treated industrial water with olive mill wastewater on vetch (Vicia sativa L.) germination and early seedling growth

2020 ◽  
pp. 124-132
Author(s):  
Naji K. Al Mefleh ◽  
Maher J. Tadros ◽  
Jalal A. Al tabbal
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Olive Mill Wastewater ◽  
Industrial Water ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Early Seedling Growth ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Water Treatments ◽  
Olive Mill

Vetch is a forage crop that is widely grown in high rainfall areas in Jordan for forage production and grazing. Growing vetch species out of the season will need irrigation, which is very expensive. In here, we propose application of wastewater or olive mill wastewater as alternative to the fresh water. An experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of diluting the industrial water (IND) with olive mill wastewater (OMWW) on the vetch germination (GR) and early seedling growth under controlled conditions. The water treatments consisted of T1 (pure IND100%), T2 (mix of IND75% + OMWW25%), T3 (IND50% + OMWW50%), T4 (IND25% + OMWW75%) and T5 (pure OMWW100%) and tap water (control). This experiment was designed in a CRD with three replications for each treatment. Several measurements on the morphological and biochemical analysis were taken during this study such as seed germination (GR), as well as the seedlings fresh weight of shoot (FWS), dry weight of shoot (DWS), fresh weight of shoot (FWR), dry weight of root (DWR), shoot length (SL), root length (RL) and the ratios of DWS/DWR and SL/RL. The water treatments had a significant influence on data taken, in which the highest mean values of morphological characteristics were obtained under the T1, while the lowest were obtained under the T5 due to high phenols concentrations. The OMWW treatment showed an adverse effect on GR, DWS, DWR, SL, and RL due to low pH values (4.5) and high phenols concentration (1700 mg/L). In contrast, the industrial water showed low to moderate effect on the vetch seed germination. The means of DWS and DWR under T3 and T4 were not significantly different from each other but were different comparing with control. It is recommended that the use of a mixture of OMWW and the Industrial water will have a positive effect on Vetch growth.

Effects of seed provenance and mycorrhizal fungi on early seedling growth in Piceamariana

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 1739-1745 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Thomson ◽  
U. Matthes-Sears ◽  
R. L. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Seed Source ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Early Seedling Growth ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Aseptic Conditions

The importance of provenance and fungal species effects on mycorrhiza formation in Piceamariana was determined. Seed was collected from two sites near Chapleau, Ontario. One provenance was collected from an upland site with sandy soil, the second from a lowland site with peaty soil. Seedlings were grown under aseptic conditions in test tubes. Two experiments were performed: in the first, seedlings were inoculated with Hebelomacylindrosporum, Laccarialaccata, or Paxillusinvolutus, whereas in the second, seedlings were inoculated with Laccariabicolor, Laccarialaccata, Laccariaproximo or noninoculated agar plugs. Counts of ectomycorrhiza and lateral root formation were analyzed for significance with two-way factorial ANOVAS. When inoculated with L. laccata, seedlings from the lowland seed source had significantly more mycorrhizal second order lateral roots than seedlings from the upland seed source. Lowland seedlings also had greater shoot dry weight and foliage length values. However, overall differences between provenances were small. In contrast, differences between fungal treatments were pronounced. Both L. laccata and L. bicolor initiated good ectomycorrhiza formation and increased seedling growth.

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