Mechanism Study on the Impact of China Population Structure Change on the Water Use of the Three Main Industries

As the principal part of economic and social development, the demographic factor is the fundamental factor driving the change of water resources, and achieving the harmony of human and water has been one of the most important tasks to promote high-quality development. Based on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory, this article applied panel data for 19 years and employed impulse response functions and threshold models to do a mechanism analysis of the impact of population structure changes on the water consumption changes of the three main industries. The study found the following: Firstly, the urban population promotes an increase of the total water consumption, industrial water consumption, and domestic water consumption, which suppresses agricultural water consumption and shows an inverted “N” trend. Secondly, the aging population has expanded the total water consumption, and agricultural and domestic water demand, and reduced industrial water consumption. Thirdly, food consumption helps to reduce the total water consumption and agricultural water consumption, but increases the industrial water consumption and the growth rate rises. Fourthly, the increase in the proportion of agricultural employment reduces the total water consumption, and agricultural and domestic water consumption, and increases industrial water consumption. Fifthly, the total water consumption and domestic water consumption both increase with the improvement of the population education level, while the agricultural water consumption declines first and then rises. The empirical results can provide a reference for analyzing the driving mechanisms of regional water consumption changes.

Water Management in Agriculture and Industry: Challenges, Trends, and Opportunities

This Special Issue aims to explore current challenges and trends, as well as opportunities for sustainability and innovation, in the fields of agricultural and industrial water management [...]

Quantification and Degradation of 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) in Bioethanol Fermentation Coproducts

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) has been used as a biocide in industrial water applications due to its instantaneous antimicrobial activity and rapid chemical breakdown. In this study DBNPA is considered as a potential alternative for antibiotics used for bacterial control during corn to ethanol fermentation. A method using LC/MS/MS was developed to accurately quantify DBNPA in water. When this method was applied to quantify DBNPA concentration in a fermentation matrix, DBNPA was found to be unstable and to decay rapidly, preventing validation of the method or quantitation. This method was then used to evaluate the degradation rate of DBNPA in whole stillage, which is the nonvolatile residue produced by removal of ethanol from corn-based fermentation beer by distillation through the relative decrease in measured signal. In addition, a method was developed and validated to quantify bromide, one of the degradation products of DBNPA, in whole stillage using LC/MS/MS. The degradation rate of DBNPA in whole stillage was found to display first order kinetics with a calculated half-life of 85 min. Laboratory analytical chemistry results on DBNPA degradation were confirmed in field trials.

RATIONAL USE OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND RESOURCE CONSERVATION IN THE PRODUCTION OF BUILDING MATERIALS

The problem of using natural zeolites and utilization of spent sorbents-zeolites used in industrial water purification processes is considered. The promising possibility of their use as additives in the production of cement and concretes, as additives to Portland cement, is shown. Zeolites are crystalline aqueous aluminosilicates containing as cations elements I and II groups of the periodic table, in particular sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, and barium.

Analysis of the efficiency of industrial water purification from heavy metals with a carbon-containing sorbent

The article presents the results of determining the efficiency of removing heavy metals from industrial wastewater by the sorption method using the “charge”, which is a waste of a coal mining enterprise, as well as activated carbon. Also, in addition to experimental data, the research material contains photographic materials of the sorbent surface and the result of its X-ray spectroscopy.