Effects of temperature and salinity on the germination of Puccinellia ciliata (Bor) cv. Menemen

1989 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 561 ◽  
Author(s):  
BA Myers ◽  
DI Couper
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Osmotic Effect ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Early Seedling Growth ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

Puccinecia ciliata is a salt-tolerant, winter-growing grass. The responses of germination of P. ciliata to salinity and temperature were investigated. With a day/night temperature regime of 25/15�C, the final germination percentage of P. ciliata in distilled water was 54%, and was not significantly affected by salinities up to 87 mol m NaCl (osmotic potential, =, -0.4 MPa), but decreased to 5.2% in 260 mol m-3 NaCl (=, -1.2 MPa). The n at which the final germination percentage was reduced by 5O0/n of that in distilled water was about -0.5 MPa, which was similar to that of Lolium perenne. However, for L. perenne, the final germination percentage decreased more rapidly with increasing salinity and from a higher value in distilled water (97%) compared with P. ciliata. Germination of P. ciliata was completely inhibited at constant 33�C and was low (<20%) where day temperature was 30�C and night temperature was greater than or equal to 17�C. Maximum germination was observed where day and night temperatures were between 17 and 24�C, but were not equal. The rate of germination decreased with increasing salinity and was maximal at temperatures between 17�C and 24�C. The reduction in the final germination percentage in NaCl solution was apparently an osmotic effect since the final germination percentage in iso-osmotic solutions of mannitol, polyethylene glycol, NaCl, KC1 and KNO3 were similar. P. ciliala and L. perenne were more salt sensitive during germination than during early seedling growth; for 35-day-old seedlings, shoot dry weight was reduced by 50% of that of the nonsaline treatment when irrigated with solution with = of -0.75 MPa for L. perenne and - 1.25 MPa for P. ciliala.

scholarly journals Seed Priming Significantly Affects Germination and Post Germination Early Seedling Growth in Okra

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rima Rima
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Seedling Vigor ◽  
Commercial Cultivation ◽  
Early Seedling Growth ◽  
Early Seedling

AbstractSeed priming significantly affects germination and post germination emergence in seedling of plants. Okra is an important vegetable plays significant role in human nutrition. However, little information is available regarding effect of seed priming on germination and post germination early vegetative growth. Therefore, a pot experiment was conducted to find out the effect of seed priming on the emergence and seedling vigor in different okra varieties. Six local Bangladeshi okra varieties were primed in water for 24 hours and evaluated their germination and post germination emergence. The varieties were named as V1-V6 (V1 = Flash power, V2 = Durga, V3 = BARI dheros-2, V4 =Okra pornota, V5 =Dandy all green, V6 = Boishakhi). Post priming evaluation was done based on germination percentage, root-shoot length of seedlings, seedling height, and dry weight of seedlings, germination index and speed of germination at different days after sowing (5-15 DAS). Highest germination was observed in V3 (88.00%) and lowest was in V5 (25.33%). Root length was highest in V3 and V4 (8.77cm) and lowest was observed in V2 (5.15cm). Shoot length of the seedlings was highest in V3 (7.94cm) followed by V1 (7.33). Shoot length of the seedlings was lowest in V5 (5.12cm). Seedling height was highest in V3 (16.71cm) which was followed by V6 (16.26cm). The lowest seedling height was observed in V1 (12.50cm). Dry weight of the seedlings was highest in V3 (2.32g) which was followed in V1 (2.26g). The lowest dry weight was observed in V5 (1.99g). The variety V3 performed better in most of the evaluated parameters and suggested for commercial cultivation.

scholarly journals Effect of waste water treated with TiO2 nanoparticles on early seedling growth of Zea mays L.

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 424-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonila Yaqoob ◽  
Faizan Ullah ◽  
Sultan Mehmood ◽  
Tariq Mahmood ◽  
Mohib Ullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Nano Tio2 ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Root Area ◽  
Early Seedling Growth ◽  
Early Seedling

Abstract The present investigation was to determine the effect of nano-TiO2 (2 to 6 nm) and waste water on early seedling growth of maize. The suspensions of nano-TiO2 either in deionized water or autoclaved waste water were applied at 100 mg/L, 50 mg/L and 25 mg/L under in vitro conditions. Analyses of waste water showed that it was not suitable for irrigation purposes as it had a higher content of heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cd, Cr and Cu) which were above permissible levels for irrigation. The higher concentration of nano-TiO2 (100 mg/L) and waste water significantly inhibited seed germination, seedling growth and caused accumulation of phenolics in maize plants (p &lt; 0.05). The application of nano-TiO2 at 25 mg/L significantly increased shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root fresh weight, root dry weight, root area, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids content (p &lt; 0.05). The adverse effects of waste water on growth attributes of maize were significantly ameliorated by nano-TiO2 at 25 mg/L (p &lt; 0.05). The treatment of waste water with nano-TiO2 (25 mg/L) is recommended before its utilization for agriculture purposes.

scholarly journals The influence of genotype and osmotic stress on germination and seedling of maize

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Mandic ◽  
Z. Bijelic ◽  
V. Krnjaja ◽  
Z. Tomic ◽  
A. Simic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Early Seedling Growth ◽  
Vigor Index ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Sterile Plastic

The aim of this research was to estimate the influence of different NaCl osmotic solutions (0, -0.3 MPa, -0.6 MPa, -0.9 MPa, -1.2 MPa, -1.5 MPa) on seed germination, and early seedling growth in two maize hybrid different maturity groups (ZP 560 - FAO 500 and ZP 666 - FAO 600). Germination was tested in sterile plastic vessels on filter paper moistened with different NaCl solutions, in the dark at 20 ? 1?C, in laboratory. Results of ANOVA indicated that hybrid ZP 666 had significantly higher root length (RL) (6.37 cm), shoot length (ShL) (2.06 cm), shoot fresh weight (ShFW) (43.86 mg), root dry weight (RDW) (7.56 mg), shoot dry weight (ShDW) (5.97 mg), seedling vigor index (SVI) (706.55) and dry matter stress tolerance index (DMSI) (55.85%) than hybrid ZP 560 (4.18 cm, 1.14 cm, 32.50 mg, 6.54 mg, 4.15 mg, 457.61 and 48.86%, respectively). Contrary, hybrid ZP 560 had significantly higher relative seedling water content (RSWC) (83.83%) and phytotoxicity of shoot (PhSh) (69.77%) than hybrid ZP 666 (81.16% and 62.51%, respectively). Generally, hybrid ZP 666 had better tolerance to salt stress than hybrid ZP 560. Germination energy (GE), germination (G), RL, ShL, root fresh weight (RFW), ShFW, RDW, ShDW, rate germination index (RGI), SVI, RSWC and DMSI were significantly decreased with the increase in osmotic stress induced by NaCl. Contrary, phytotoxicity of root (PhR) and PhSh significantly increased with the increase in osmotic stress.

Effects of seed provenance and mycorrhizal fungi on early seedling growth in Piceamariana

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 1739-1745 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Thomson ◽  
U. Matthes-Sears ◽  
R. L. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Seed Source ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Early Seedling Growth ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Aseptic Conditions

The importance of provenance and fungal species effects on mycorrhiza formation in Piceamariana was determined. Seed was collected from two sites near Chapleau, Ontario. One provenance was collected from an upland site with sandy soil, the second from a lowland site with peaty soil. Seedlings were grown under aseptic conditions in test tubes. Two experiments were performed: in the first, seedlings were inoculated with Hebelomacylindrosporum, Laccarialaccata, or Paxillusinvolutus, whereas in the second, seedlings were inoculated with Laccariabicolor, Laccarialaccata, Laccariaproximo or noninoculated agar plugs. Counts of ectomycorrhiza and lateral root formation were analyzed for significance with two-way factorial ANOVAS. When inoculated with L. laccata, seedlings from the lowland seed source had significantly more mycorrhizal second order lateral roots than seedlings from the upland seed source. Lowland seedlings also had greater shoot dry weight and foliage length values. However, overall differences between provenances were small. In contrast, differences between fungal treatments were pronounced. Both L. laccata and L. bicolor initiated good ectomycorrhiza formation and increased seedling growth.

The relationship between multiple leaders and mechanical and frost damage to the apical meristem of Scots pine seedlings

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 280-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarmo K. Holopainen
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Frost Injury ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Multiple Leaders

The responses of young Scots pine seedlings to mechanical apical meristem damage before and after 4 nights exposure to minimum night temperatures of −2.2 and −6.7 °C in controlled environment growth chambers were compared with control seedlings that were subjected or not to apical meristem damage and exposed to a minimum night temperature of 12 °C. The feeding damage caused by Lygus bugs was simulated by piercing the apical meristem of young pine seedlings with a hypodermic syringe needle and injecting a small drop of distilled water into the wound. At −6.7 °C increased numbers of dead seedlings were found. The proportion of seedlings with multiple leaders greatly increased after piercing, and about half of the seedlings subjected to the apical meristem damage had multiple leaders. The proportion of seedlings with multiple leaders and the number of leader shoots per seedling did not differ among seedlings subjected to apical meristem damage before or after the frost exposure. Short and twisted primary needles occurred in the basal parts of the new shoots in the seedlings with multiple leaders. Seedlings with necrotic needles were most often found after exposure to the night temperature of −6.7 °C. Shoot dry weight and length were significantly lower in seedlings subjected to apical meristem damage after frost exposure than in seedlings subjected to apical meristem damage before frost exposure or to no frost exposure. The results suggest that an increased reduction in growth is to be expected if Lygus bug attacks occur on pine seedlings that already suffer from frost injury.

scholarly journals Selection of drought tolerant wheat genotypes by osmotic stress imposed at germination and early seedling stage

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-192
Author(s):  
RR Saha ◽  
A Hannan ◽  
A Nessa ◽  
MA Malek ◽  
MR Islam
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Metabolic Efficiency ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Vigour Index ◽  
Peg Treatment ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Different Levels

An experiment on hundred wheat genotypes under different levels of osmotic stress was carried out during 2014 to select the genotype(s) tolerant to drought at germination and early seedling stage. Different levels of osmotic stress were imposed by using polyethylene glycol (PEG). Three osmotic stress levels viz. control (distilled water), 15% PEG solution and 25% PEG solution were used. Among the 100 genotypes the rate of germination percentage, final germination (%), root and shoot dry weight, amount of respiration and vigour index under PEG treatment was found significantly lower than that of control condition. Compared to control condition relative decrease in rate of germination, final germination, amount of respiration and vigour index among the wheat genotypes were found more at 25% PEG than that of 15% PEG treatment. However, the seed metabolic efficiency was significantly higher in wheat genotypes under both 15% PEG and 25% PEG treatment compared to the control condition. A significant positive correlation exists between the important growth parameters like rate of germination (%), final germination (%), shoot dry weight, root dry weight and vigour index. On the basis of these physiological traits against osmotic stress, nine genotypes of wheat such as BD-480, BD-498, BD- 501, BD-513, BD-514, BD-519, BD-592, BD-618 and BD- 633 were selected as drought tolerant.SAARC J. Agri., 15(2): 177-192 (2017)

scholarly journals Imbibition, Germination, and Early Seedling Growth Responses of Light Purple and Yellow Seeds of Red Clover to Distilled Water, Sodium Chloride, and Nutrient Solution

Sci ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Costa ◽  
Luís Dias ◽  
Alexandra Dias
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Seed Imbibition ◽  
Early Seedling Growth ◽  
Early Seedling

The seeds of red clover are heteromorphic and two color morphs can be visually recognized, light purple and yellow, resulting from heterozygosity and recessive homozygosity at two loci. Here, we report the responses of seed imbibition, seed germination, and early seedling growth of the two morphs to distilled water, sodium chloride, and complete nutrient solution. The sensitivityof red clover seeds to treatments increased with the stage of development in what seems to be a cumulative process. No differences were found in seed imbibition between morphs or between treatments. In seedling growth, on the contrary, treatments were always effective, but differences between morphs were only observed in seeds that were treated with nutrient solution, whereas in the intermediate stage of seed germination, the effects by treatments were observed together with the appearance of differences between morphs in distilled water and in the treatment by sodium chloride solution. Simultaneously, the superior performance of the yellow morph that was found in germination, which appears to be a trait stable across cultivars of red clover seeds, turned into a superior performance of the light purple morph in seedling growth.

Physiological response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) at early seedling stage under salt stress conditions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Mann ◽  
Gurpreet Kaur ◽  
Ashwani Kumar ◽  
Satish Kumar Sanwal ◽  
Jogendra Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Early Seedling Growth ◽  
Early Seedling

Screening of chickpea lines for salt tolerance through seed germination and early seedling growth is crucial for their evaluation. Seeds of 30 chickpea genotypes were germinated on a sand bed irrigated with saline (3, 6, 9, 12 dS/m) and control solutions upto 30 days. At the early seedling stage (25-30 days), germination percentage, chlorophyll content, proline, root length, shoot length and seedling dry weight were found to be affected due to salinity. Salt tolerance index (STI) for plant biomass maintained a significant correlation with chlorophyll, proline, shoot length, and root length, which indicated that these parameters could be used as selection criteria for screening chickpea genotypes against salt stress. Significant differences in shoot length, root length, and seedling dry weight in 30-day-old seedlings were observed among selected chickpea genotypes as well. From the overall observation of germination characterstics and early seedling growth, it is concluded that the chickpea genotypes, HC-1, HC-5, ICC 867, ICC 5003, H-10-41 showed better salt tolerance as compared to the available salt tolerant check variety.

Germination of the Salt-Tolerant Grass Diplachne fusca. II. Salinity Responses

1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 239 ◽  
Author(s):  
BA Myers ◽  
WC Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Daily Minimum Temperature ◽  
Daily Maximum Temperature ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Similar Reduction ◽  
Threshold Temperatures

The responses -of germination of the salt-tolerant grass Diplachne fusca (L.) Beauv. to salinity and various temperature regimes are described. At temperatures of 30/20°C (12 h light and dark periods), final germination was 70% in distilled water, decreased to 50% in 175 mol m-3 NaCl (π = - 0.8 MPa) and 7% in 380 mol m-3 NaCl (π = -1.8 MPa). Increasing salinity from 0-130mol m-3 NaCl decreased the final germination percentage, but did not modify the threshold temperatures (day or night temperature > 27°C) at which germination occurred. Presoaking in distilled water or 1% CaCl2· 2H20 solution did not significantly affect the final germination percentage of seeds which were subsequently placed in solutions with a range of salinities from 0-210 mol m-3 NaCl (*#960 = 0 to - 1.0 MPa). How- ever, addition of CaCl2 to NaCl solution increased the final germination percentage compared with that in pure NaCl solution. Presoaking in concentrated (400 mol m-3) NaCl solution caused a decrease in subsequent germinability of 20 or 40% in 0 and 40 mol m-3 NaCl, respectively. Under field conditions (in soil with mean daily maximum temperature of 33°C and mean daily minimum temperature of 15°C), rates of seedling establishment were similar (16% of seed sown) in soils irrigated with 0 or 50 mol m-3 NaCl, and were 1% in those irrigated with 100 mol m-3 NaCl. The inhibition of germination in NaCl solution was largely an osmotic effect since there was a similar reduction in the final germination percentage in iso-osmotic solutions of NaCl and mannitol. However, the proportion of seeds germinating in NaCl solution was enhanced by adding calcium. The inhibition of germination was greater in sulfate solutions compared with that in chloride solutions and, to a lesser degree, in potassium compared with sodium solutions. The practical implications of our results are discussed. The incorporation of gypsum into the soil and measures to leach salts from the topsoil are recommended before D. fusca is sown on saline land.

Salinity tolerance during germination of seashore halophytes and salt-tolerant grass cultivars

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Martin Hanslin ◽  
Trine Eggen
Keyword(s):  
High Salinity ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Artemisia Vulgaris ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Salinity Response ◽  
Tolerant Species ◽  
High Germination ◽  
Juncus Gerardii ◽  
Saline Habitats

Direct sowing is the simplest method of plant establishment for restoration and remediation purposes, but relatively few plants can establish under high salinity conditions. In this study, the ability of different seashore plants and grass cultivars to germinate in different dilutions of seawater (0–400 mM NaCl) was tested. Highest germination was found in distilled water or seawater dilutions up to 100 mM NaCl. When seawater concentrations were increased from 100 to 200 mM NaCl, a strong decline in germination percentage and rate was observed in less salt-tolerant species, such as Matricaria maritima and Achillea millefolium. The more salt-tolerant species, Plantago maritima, Juncus gerardii, Artemisia vulgaris, Agrostis spp. and Rumex spp., had a threshold salinity, where germination was significantly decreased in seawater dilutions between 200 and 400 mM NaCl. Even among the salt-tolerant species, only two, Agrostis stolonifera and Artemisia vulgaris, germinated at 400 mM. Variation in salinity response was observed among populations of Artemisia vulgaris and among cultivars of Festuca spp. Increasing salinity to 200 mM NaCl delayed germination in most species. Ungerminated seeds of most salinity-tolerant species were still viable after 21 d at the highest salinity (400 mM), and showed a rapid and high germination when transferred to distilled water. These species would be able to survive high salinity and germinate when the salinity of the sediments decreases through dilution or leaching of salts. The experiment revealed species and cultivars that will be of interest in further testing for restoration and remediation in saline habitats.

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