scholarly journals The presence of potentially toxigenic fungi in poultry feed

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 87-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vesna Krnjaja ◽  
Lj. Stojanovic ◽  
R. Cmiljanic ◽  
S. Trenkovski ◽  
D. Tomasevic
Keyword(s):  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Fungal Contamination ◽  
Poultry Feeds ◽  
Toxigenic Fungi ◽  
Total Fungi ◽  
Feed Samples

In Serbia, commercial feedstuffs are an important component in modern animal husbandry, but there is no information available about fungal contamination. Because of that the aim of this study was to determine the mycoflora incidence in poultry feeds. A total of 230 samples of poultry feeds were examined for total fungi count and the presence of potential toxigenic fungi genera. Total fungi count were 1-9 x 104 CFU g-1 in the most of investigated poultry feed samples (38.26%). The most prevalent fungi genera were Fusarium (56.09%) and Aspergillus (54.35%), followed by Rhizopus (40%), Penicillium (30.87%), Mucor (30.04%) and the least frequency species were from genus Alternaria (3.48%).

scholarly journals Fungal contamination and natural occurrence of T-2 toxin in poultry feed

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Krnjaja ◽  
Z. Pavlovski ◽  
M. Lukic ◽  
Z. Skrbic ◽  
Lj. Stojanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Fungal Contamination ◽  
Elisa Method ◽  
Toxigenic Fungi ◽  
Plate Count Method ◽  
Total Fungi ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Feed Samples

In this study, a total of 41 poultry (chicken and laying hens) feed samples collected from different farms in Serbia in the beginning of 2014 were investigated for total fungal count, presence of potential toxigenic fungi and natural occurrence of T-2 toxin. The number of total fungi was determined using the plate count method whereas T-2 toxin was detected by enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) method. Relative high percent of investigated poultry feed samples (43.90%) had the total fungal count 1 - 7 x 102 CFU g-1, while in 29.27% of the samples that number was 1.4 - 14 x 104 CFU g-1. In regard to potentially toxigenic fungi, species of Fusarium genus were isolated in most of poultry feed samples (58.54%), while species from genus Alternaria were isolated in least of samples (9.76%). The presence of T-2 toxin was detected in 75.61% of the samples, with concentration of 25.07 - 426.08 ?g kg-1 (in average, 55.34 ?g kg-1). The statistical insignificant negative correlation (r = - 0.05) was obtained between total fungal count and concentrations of T-2 toxin. In addition, a total fungal count and content of T-2 toxin in the samples were not above the maximum allowed levels, although the presence of species from genus Fusarium was found in 58.54% samples. These results indicated that the sanitary and hygienic conditions during the production of poultry feed in Serbia have been at satisfactory level.

scholarly journals Fungal contamination and natural occurrence of ochratoxin A (OTA) in poultry feed

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 481-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Krnjaja ◽  
Z. Pavlovski ◽  
M. Lukic ◽  
Z. Skrbic ◽  
Lj. Stojanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Enzymatic Assay ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Fungal Contamination ◽  
Penicillium Species ◽  
Toxigenic Fungi ◽  
Feed Samples

Total fungal count, the presence of potentially toxigenic fungi and natural occurrence of ochratoxin A (OTA) were studied in 30 poultry feed samples (14 samples of feed for chickens and 16 samples of feed for laying hens), which were collected from different farms in Serbia at the beginning of year 2014. The total number of fungi was determined by the method of dilution and OTA was detected using the imunoadsorption enzymatic assay (ELISA). In most of the samples of chickens feed (50%) the total number of fungi was 1 - 3 x 102 CFU g-1, and in feed for laying hens the highest number of samples (37.50%) had the total fungal count from 1.4 to 4.8 x 104 CFU g -1. The species of genera Aspergillus and Penicillium were identified as producers of OTA in 21.43% and 42.86% of chickens feed samples and in 68.75% and 25% of samples of feed for laying hens. The presence of OTA was detected in 100% of samples of feed for chickens and laying hens, with average concentrations of 34.40 ?g kg-1 (feed for chickens) and 43.89 ?g kg-1 (feed for laying hens). The total fungal count and content of OTA were not above the maximum allowed quantities, even though the presence of Aspergillus and Penicillium species was found in a large number of samples (up to 68.75%). These results indicate that the tested samples of poultry feed were mycologically and mycotoxicologically correct.

scholarly journals Evaluation of microbial quality and pathogenic potentiality of enterobacteria in poultry feeds

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 59-68
Author(s):  
S Islam ◽  
N Tanjila ◽  
MF Begum
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Poultry Feeds ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Aerobic Plate Count ◽  
Feed Samples

The present investigation has been carried out to assess the microbial safety and pathogenic potentialities of enterobacteria in poultry feeds. From the results it was observed that total aerobic plate count of poultry feeds samples were recorded as 2.8 × 105 to 5.8 × 109 cfu/g and 100% samples contained ≥106 cfu/g while the highest mean of cfu was counted as log10 8.797/gm. Large number of coliforms were recorded in different poultry feed samples and the ranges of cfu were counted as 1.2 × 104 to 5.2 × 107/g while average 75% samples were contaminated with coliform bacteria with ≥104 cfu/g and the highest mean of cfu was counted as log10 6.103/g. The ranges of cfu of Escherichia coli were 1.03 × 102 to 1.09 × 105/g and 70% samples contained ≥102 cfu/g while the highest mean of cfu was counted as log10 4.493/gm. But the ranges of cfu of total Salmonella sp. were recorded as 1.02 × 101 to 5.25 × 104/g and 50% samples contained ≥102 cfu/g and the highest mean of cfu was counted as log10 3.665/g. Total 29 enterobacterial isolates were isolated from the feed by using selected media. On the basis of morphological characteristics and biochemical test results the isolates were identified as Salmonella sp., Shigella sp., Klebsiella sp., Citrobacter sp., Proteus sp., Enterobacter sp. and Escherichia coli. These isolates were tested on blood agar medium and only seven isolates showed positive β-hemolytic activity.In virulence efficacy test, only hemolytic positive isolates were ingested to chicken and observed that E. coli (SGE-1), Klebsiella sp. (SSE-6) and Salmonella sp. (JSS-9) isolates were highly toxic because the experimental chickens were died after 3 days of ingestion of the bacteria, two isolates showed loose motion symptom after 15 days while other isolates showed little sickness. All the selected isolates showed positive hem-agglutination reactivity in poultry RBC. The results indicate that the poultry feeds were highly contaminated with pathogenic enterobacteria which are risk to public health. J. bio-sci. 28: 59-68, 2020

Burden of Aflatoxin in Poultry Feeds in Selected Chicken Rearing Villages of Bishoftu-ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoseph Cherinet Megerssa ◽  
Tadesse Sisay Kassaw ◽  
Fanos Tadesse Woldemariyam
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Aflatoxin Contamination ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Preventive Strategies ◽  
Poultry Industry ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cattle Feed ◽  
Poultry Feeds ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Feed Samples

Abstract Background: Aflatoxins are major contaminants of feed used in poultry industry that negatively affect animal and human health. In Ethiopia, previous studies on aflatoxins mainly considered cattle feed and milk, but scarce information exists for poultry feeds.Method: The aim of this study was to determine the burden of aflatoxin in poultry feed in bishoftu.Cross sectional study was conducted from December, 2018 to May, 2019and 33 compound poultry feed samples were randomly collected from chicken rearing villages of Bishoftuand analyzed for G2, G1, B2 , B1 and total aflatoxins using HPLC.Results: The result indicated thatfrom a total of 33 samples 31(94%) samples were contaminated with aflatoxin. The mean level of aflatoxin G2, G1, B2, B1 and total aflatoxinswere 18.00 µg/g, 88.5499 µg/g, 13.50µg/g, 70.11µg/g and 190.18µg/g respectively. This study curtained the level of aflatoxinin 25 (72.75%) samples for AFT and 22 (66.67%) samples for AFB1 were above the limit of FDA regulatory levels of 20µg/g for poultry feed. Conclusion: The study showed the high contamination of aflatoxins in poultry feed. The study warrants the need for preventive strategies of aflatoxin contamination including implementation of regulatory legislation in poultry feeds in Bishoftu.

scholarly journals Survey of Mycotoxigenic Fungi in Concentrated Poultry Feed in Niger State, Nigeria

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeniran Lateef Ariyo ◽  
Makun Hussaini Anthony ◽  
Muhammad Hadiza Lami
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Poultry Feeds ◽  
Commercial Feed ◽  
Mycotoxigenic Fungi ◽  
Vital Component ◽  
Penicillium Spp ◽  
Feed Samples

In Nigeria, concentrated poultry feed is a vital component of animal production and health but there was no reliable mycogram in Niger state, Nigeria. As a result this study determined the incidence of mycotoxigenic fungi in both commercial and privately milled concentrated poultry feeds. A total of 100 poultry feed samples consisting of 52 privately milled poultry feed and 48 commercial feed samples were collected. Mycoflora in the feed was determined. Nine fungi genera were isolated. The most frequently isolated fungi genera in both privately milled and commercial feed was <em>Aspergillus</em> <em>spp </em>which was about 40% of mould isolate. <em>Penicillium spp </em>is 20% in private feed and 13% in commercial feed. A total of 874 fungi were isolated consisting of 458 fungi species in privately milled feed and 416 fungi species found in commercial feed. Mycotoxigenic fungi genera, <em>Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium and Alternaria</em> were isolated. <em>Aspergillus flavus</em> is the commonest isolated fungi species.

scholarly journals Toxigenic Fungal Contamination for Assessment of Poultry Feeds: Mashed vs. Pellet

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
Seyed Soheil Ghaemmaghami ◽  
◽  
Hossien Nowroozi ◽  
Hossien Nowroozi ◽  
Mahmoud Tohidi moghadam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Heat Processing ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Taxonomic Identification ◽  
Fungal Contamination ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Feed Processing ◽  
Poultry Feeds

Background: Much attention has been paid to poultry feed processing and the contamination In Iran in order to improve the production and reduce the waste. No information is available on the fungal contamination and the strains found in processed (pellet) and non-processed (mash) poultry feeds. This study was designed to determine the hygienic condition and the risk of fungal contamination affecting the quality of poultry feeds (mashed vs. pellet). Methods: A total of 90 samples of poultry feeds were collected from warehouses in Tehran and Alborz provinces. Samples were cultured on SDA, the CFUs were calculated, and the taxonomic identification of various fungal genera was made, both macroscopically and microscopically. Results: Total mould counts for mashed feeds (15×103) was significantly (P<0.05) higher than pelleted feeds (11×102). The most frequent fungal genus recovered were Fusarium spp (90%) and Aspergillus spp (70%) in mashed and pellet feeds, respectively. Conclusion: Heat processing reduced fungal contamination in poultry feeds. However, some fungal species are able to survive heat exposure and continue to form spores. We concluded that the assessment of fungal contamination in poultry feeds deserves a high attention to improve the quality, hygiene and safety of the foods originated from poultry .

scholarly journals Monitoring the Presence and Investigation of Toxigenic Fungi and Mycotoxins in Poultry Feed and its Products

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana Abdalla Aboumaalie ◽  
Samir Jaoua
Keyword(s):  
Detection Limit ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Toxigenic Fungi ◽  
Aflatoxin Concentration ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Feed Samples

Contaminating poultry feed and their products with mycotoxins produced by fungi may cause many health effects on animals and human if they were at high concentrations. Therefore, it is imperative to regularly monitor the concentration of mycotoxins specially aflatoxin and ochratoxin A in the poultry feed and their products. In the present study, we demonstrated that Aspergillus flavus was the major contaminant using DNA extraction and gel electrophoresis. Using ELISA kit for ochratoxin A, Ochratoxin A did not exceed the detection limit 50 ng/kg but in one sample has exceeded the European Union maximum limit for aflatoxins of 20 μg/kg through the ELISA aflatoxin All kit. Aflatoxin B1 was detected in chicken liver samples using ELISA aflatoxin B1. Almost all samples were contaminated with fungi but only 4 feed samples showed aflatoxin concentration within the detection limit. Furthere experiments should be done on different liver samples in Qatar to chek the probability of this presence.

scholarly journals Mycobiota and aflatoxin B1 in poultry feeds

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-69
Author(s):  
Vesna Krnjaja ◽  
Tanja Petrovic ◽  
Slavica Stankovic ◽  
Milos Lukic ◽  
Zdenka Skrbic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Aflatoxin Contamination ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Fungal Contamination ◽  
Penicillium Species ◽  
Feed Samples

In this study, a total of 30 poultry (chicken and laying hens) feed samples collected from different poultry farms in Serbia in 2016 were tested for fungal and aflatoxin contamination. Using the plate count and standard mycological methods, total fungal counts and potentially toxigenic fungal genera were determined. Natural occurrence of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was detected by ELISA (enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay) method. The total fungal count was in the range from 1 x 102 (2 log CFU g-1) to 1.83 x 105 CFU g-1 (5.26 log CFU g-1). The majority of the chicken feeds (78.57%) had the total fungal count in the ranged from 1 x 102 to 4.8 x 104 CFU g-1, whereas in 68.75% of the laying hens feeds it was ranged from 5.3 x 104 to 1.83 x 105 CFU g-1. In 21.43% of the chicken feeds fungal contamination reached the level above the regulation limits. Three potentially toxigenic fungal genera, Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Penicillium, have been identified. In the tested poultry feed samples, more samples contaminated with Aspergillus were determined compared to samples contaminated by Fusarium and Penicillium species. The AFB1 was detected in concentrations from 1.34 to 18.29?g kg-1, with an average of 4.47 and 4.56?g kg-1 in the chicken and laying hens feed samples, respectively. In 14.29% of the chicken feeds, the level of AFB1 was above the regulation limits. The obtained results confirmed the importance of continuous mycological and mycotoxicological control of poultry feed, as well as need to improve risk assessments of such contaminants along the food chain.

scholarly journals Toxigenic Fungi from Poultry Feed and Litter

1972 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 309-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Lovett
Keyword(s):  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Toxigenic Fungi

Nontraditional Feedstuffs as an Alternative in Poultry Feed

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed I. Alshelmani ◽  
Emhimad A. Abdalla ◽  
Ubedullah Kaka ◽  
Muhammad Abdul Basit
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Poultry Feeds ◽  
Poultry Products ◽  
Yellow Corn ◽  
Nutritive Quality ◽  
Nutrients Availability ◽  
Poultry Diets ◽  
Alternative Feedstuffs

Soybean meal and yellow corn are conventional feedstuffs used as the main ingredients in poultry feeds due to their high nutrients availability. On the other hand, these two feedstuffs are high in demand by other animals (soybean meal) and humans (yellow corn). By the year 2050, the world’s population is expected to increase up to 9.1 billion. Global consumption of poultry products, such as meat or eggs is increasing predominantly in developing countries. Consequently, the global demand for poultry feedstuffs would increase. The availability of feedstuffs for poultry nutrition nowadays is becoming more competitive. Thus, food security, especially in the developing countries, would be threatened. Currently, efforts are being made to use alternative feedstuffs to substitute portion of soybean meal and yellow corn in poultry diets. This chapter discusses the alternative feedstuffs that can be incorporated in poultry feeds. In addition, the nutritive content and availability are examined as well as how to improve the nutritive quality of such nontraditional feedstuffs.

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