scholarly journals Fungal contamination and natural occurrence of ochratoxin A (OTA) in poultry feed

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 481-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Krnjaja ◽  
Z. Pavlovski ◽  
M. Lukic ◽  
Z. Skrbic ◽  
Lj. Stojanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Enzymatic Assay ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Fungal Contamination ◽  
Penicillium Species ◽  
Toxigenic Fungi ◽  
Feed Samples

Total fungal count, the presence of potentially toxigenic fungi and natural occurrence of ochratoxin A (OTA) were studied in 30 poultry feed samples (14 samples of feed for chickens and 16 samples of feed for laying hens), which were collected from different farms in Serbia at the beginning of year 2014. The total number of fungi was determined by the method of dilution and OTA was detected using the imunoadsorption enzymatic assay (ELISA). In most of the samples of chickens feed (50%) the total number of fungi was 1 - 3 x 102 CFU g-1, and in feed for laying hens the highest number of samples (37.50%) had the total fungal count from 1.4 to 4.8 x 104 CFU g -1. The species of genera Aspergillus and Penicillium were identified as producers of OTA in 21.43% and 42.86% of chickens feed samples and in 68.75% and 25% of samples of feed for laying hens. The presence of OTA was detected in 100% of samples of feed for chickens and laying hens, with average concentrations of 34.40 ?g kg-1 (feed for chickens) and 43.89 ?g kg-1 (feed for laying hens). The total fungal count and content of OTA were not above the maximum allowed quantities, even though the presence of Aspergillus and Penicillium species was found in a large number of samples (up to 68.75%). These results indicate that the tested samples of poultry feed were mycologically and mycotoxicologically correct.

scholarly journals Mycobiota and aflatoxin B1 in poultry feeds

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-69
Author(s):  
Vesna Krnjaja ◽  
Tanja Petrovic ◽  
Slavica Stankovic ◽  
Milos Lukic ◽  
Zdenka Skrbic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Aflatoxin Contamination ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Fungal Contamination ◽  
Penicillium Species ◽  
Feed Samples

In this study, a total of 30 poultry (chicken and laying hens) feed samples collected from different poultry farms in Serbia in 2016 were tested for fungal and aflatoxin contamination. Using the plate count and standard mycological methods, total fungal counts and potentially toxigenic fungal genera were determined. Natural occurrence of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was detected by ELISA (enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay) method. The total fungal count was in the range from 1 x 102 (2 log CFU g-1) to 1.83 x 105 CFU g-1 (5.26 log CFU g-1). The majority of the chicken feeds (78.57%) had the total fungal count in the ranged from 1 x 102 to 4.8 x 104 CFU g-1, whereas in 68.75% of the laying hens feeds it was ranged from 5.3 x 104 to 1.83 x 105 CFU g-1. In 21.43% of the chicken feeds fungal contamination reached the level above the regulation limits. Three potentially toxigenic fungal genera, Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Penicillium, have been identified. In the tested poultry feed samples, more samples contaminated with Aspergillus were determined compared to samples contaminated by Fusarium and Penicillium species. The AFB1 was detected in concentrations from 1.34 to 18.29?g kg-1, with an average of 4.47 and 4.56?g kg-1 in the chicken and laying hens feed samples, respectively. In 14.29% of the chicken feeds, the level of AFB1 was above the regulation limits. The obtained results confirmed the importance of continuous mycological and mycotoxicological control of poultry feed, as well as need to improve risk assessments of such contaminants along the food chain.

scholarly journals Fungal contamination and natural occurrence of T-2 toxin in poultry feed

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Krnjaja ◽  
Z. Pavlovski ◽  
M. Lukic ◽  
Z. Skrbic ◽  
Lj. Stojanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Fungal Contamination ◽  
Elisa Method ◽  
Toxigenic Fungi ◽  
Plate Count Method ◽  
Total Fungi ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Feed Samples

In this study, a total of 41 poultry (chicken and laying hens) feed samples collected from different farms in Serbia in the beginning of 2014 were investigated for total fungal count, presence of potential toxigenic fungi and natural occurrence of T-2 toxin. The number of total fungi was determined using the plate count method whereas T-2 toxin was detected by enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) method. Relative high percent of investigated poultry feed samples (43.90%) had the total fungal count 1 - 7 x 102 CFU g-1, while in 29.27% of the samples that number was 1.4 - 14 x 104 CFU g-1. In regard to potentially toxigenic fungi, species of Fusarium genus were isolated in most of poultry feed samples (58.54%), while species from genus Alternaria were isolated in least of samples (9.76%). The presence of T-2 toxin was detected in 75.61% of the samples, with concentration of 25.07 - 426.08 ?g kg-1 (in average, 55.34 ?g kg-1). The statistical insignificant negative correlation (r = - 0.05) was obtained between total fungal count and concentrations of T-2 toxin. In addition, a total fungal count and content of T-2 toxin in the samples were not above the maximum allowed levels, although the presence of species from genus Fusarium was found in 58.54% samples. These results indicated that the sanitary and hygienic conditions during the production of poultry feed in Serbia have been at satisfactory level.

scholarly journals Isolation and identification of toxigenic and non-toxigenic fungi in samples of medicinal plants from the market

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-266
Author(s):  
C.G. PEREIRA ◽  
J.R.O. SILVA ◽  
L.R. BATISTA
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Coconut Milk ◽  
Fungal Contamination ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Penicillium Species ◽  
Toxigenic Fungi ◽  
Plant Product ◽  
Growth Of Fungi

ABSTRACT:The consumption of preparations of medicinal plants has been increasing during the last decades in occidental societies. The presence of toxigenic fungi in a plant product may represent a potential risk of contamination, because of aflatoxins and ochratoxins. In this study, 12 samples of medicinal plants were analyzed in relation to the level of fungal contamination, and the presence of producers of ochratoxin A and aflatoxins was assessed by visualization of fungi using a cromatovisor in coconut milk. Most of the species found belong to the genus Cladosporium, Fusarium, Aspergillus and Penicillium. Species producing ochratoxin A were present in 2 samples (16.7%), Melissa and Hibiscus. Species producing aflatoxin were found in samples of Jacaranda decurrens (8.33%). This study suggests that herbs, if stored improperly, can provide the growth of fungi and should be examined before consumption.

scholarly journals The presence of potentially toxigenic fungi in poultry feed

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 87-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vesna Krnjaja ◽  
Lj. Stojanovic ◽  
R. Cmiljanic ◽  
S. Trenkovski ◽  
D. Tomasevic
Keyword(s):  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Fungal Contamination ◽  
Poultry Feeds ◽  
Toxigenic Fungi ◽  
Total Fungi ◽  
Feed Samples

In Serbia, commercial feedstuffs are an important component in modern animal husbandry, but there is no information available about fungal contamination. Because of that the aim of this study was to determine the mycoflora incidence in poultry feeds. A total of 230 samples of poultry feeds were examined for total fungi count and the presence of potential toxigenic fungi genera. Total fungi count were 1-9 x 104 CFU g-1 in the most of investigated poultry feed samples (38.26%). The most prevalent fungi genera were Fusarium (56.09%) and Aspergillus (54.35%), followed by Rhizopus (40%), Penicillium (30.87%), Mucor (30.04%) and the least frequency species were from genus Alternaria (3.48%).

scholarly journals Monitoring the Presence and Investigation of Toxigenic Fungi and Mycotoxins in Poultry Feed and its Products

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana Abdalla Aboumaalie ◽  
Samir Jaoua
Keyword(s):  
Detection Limit ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Toxigenic Fungi ◽  
Aflatoxin Concentration ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Feed Samples

Contaminating poultry feed and their products with mycotoxins produced by fungi may cause many health effects on animals and human if they were at high concentrations. Therefore, it is imperative to regularly monitor the concentration of mycotoxins specially aflatoxin and ochratoxin A in the poultry feed and their products. In the present study, we demonstrated that Aspergillus flavus was the major contaminant using DNA extraction and gel electrophoresis. Using ELISA kit for ochratoxin A, Ochratoxin A did not exceed the detection limit 50 ng/kg but in one sample has exceeded the European Union maximum limit for aflatoxins of 20 μg/kg through the ELISA aflatoxin All kit. Aflatoxin B1 was detected in chicken liver samples using ELISA aflatoxin B1. Almost all samples were contaminated with fungi but only 4 feed samples showed aflatoxin concentration within the detection limit. Furthere experiments should be done on different liver samples in Qatar to chek the probability of this presence.

scholarly journals Effect of relative humidity on biodeterioration of poultry feed and ochratoxin A production by Penicillium species

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Koteswara Rao ◽  
B. Aruna ◽  
Md. Rafiyuddin ◽  
K. Narasimha Rao ◽  
S. Girisham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Penicillium Species

scholarly journals Fungal contamination of pig farm feeds

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-147
Author(s):  
Vesna Krnjaja ◽  
Aleksandar Stanojkovic ◽  
Tanja Petrovic ◽  
Violeta Mandic ◽  
Zorica Bijelic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Fungal Contamination ◽  
Penicillium Species ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Identification Of Fungi ◽  
Pig Farm ◽  
Feed Safety ◽  
Fattening Pigs ◽  
Feed Samples

The aim of this study was to establish the total fungal (mould) count in 79 commercial pig farm feed samples (42 samples for piglets, 29 samples for fattening pigs and 8 samples for sows) collected from the Serbian feed producers during the three-year period (2017-2019), as well as to evaluate the percentage of contamination samples by fungi, especially species from Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillium genera. Using standard mycological methods, the total count and identification of fungi were determined. Total fungal count was ranging from 1 ? 102 to 1.41 ? 105 cfu g-1 in the feed samples for piglets. Furthermore, in the feed samples for fattening pigs it ranged from1 ? 102 to 2.54 ? 105 cfu g-1, and from 1 ? 102 to 1.93 ? 105 cfu g-1 in the feed samples for sows. It has established the impermissible limit of total fungal count in 3.45% and 4.76% of a feed for fattening pigs and feed for piglets, respectively. Statistical analysis of the total number of fungi did not establish significant differences between the examined feed groups. Fusarium species were present in the most feed samples for fattening pigs (65.52%), followed by the feed for sows (62.50%) and piglets (47.62%). Aspergillus species were determined in 59.52, 58.62 and 37.50% feed samples for piglets, fattening pigs and sows, respectively. Penicillium species contaminated the lowest percentage of feed samples for fattening pigs (27.59%) and the highest percentage of feed samples for sows (37.50%). In a small number of samples Alternaria, Mucor, and Rhizopus species were identified. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the investigation of fungal contamination is an important indicator of a hygienic condition of feed intended for the nutrition of farm pigs. In addition, the percentage of fungal contamination of the examined samples indicates a potentially high risk to animal health. Due to that, a regular mycological evaluation is necessary to assess nutritional quality as one of the fundamental criteria for feed safety.

scholarly journals Natural Occurrence of Ochratoxin A in Blood and Milk Samples from Jennies and Their Foals after Delivery

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 758
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Lippolis ◽  
Shafaq Asif ◽  
Michelangelo Pascale ◽  
Salvatore Cervellieri ◽  
Erminia Mancini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Seasonal Effect ◽  
Official Method ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Aoac Official ◽  
Feed Samples

An assessment of the natural ochratoxin A (OTA) exposure of seven Martina Franca jennies was carried out by analyzing blood and milk samples collected close to and after delivery. A total of 41 and 34 blood samples were collected from jennies and foals, respectively, and analyzed by ELISA. A total of 33 milk samples were collected from jennies and analyzed by the HPLC/FLD method based on IAC clean-up. Furthermore, 53 feed samples were collected from January to September and analyzed by a reference method (AOAC Official Method No. 2000.03) for OTA content. Feed samples showed OTA levels up to 2.7 ng/g with an incidence of 32%, while the OTA incidence rate in jennies’ blood samples was 73%, with a median value of 97 ng/L and concentrations ranging from <LOD to 6000 ng/L. A seasonal effect on OTA levels in positive blood samples was observed, with increases in the 53% of the positive ones from April to June. Concerning foals, the incidence rate of blood samples was 50%, with a median value of 52 ng/L, and concentrations ranged from <LOD to 4034 ng/L. The incidence of milk samples was 36%, with levels ranging from <LOD to 82 ng/L. In conclusion, the results showed a natural exposure of jennies and foals to OTA, and its presence in jenny milk could pose a risk for human newborns, considering its well-known nutritional and health properties.

Ochratoxin A and zearalenone in poultry feed samples from South China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiongshan Wang ◽  
Yarong Zhao ◽  
Peirong Chen ◽  
Rui Zeng ◽  
Yunxiang Liang
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
South China ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Feed Samples

Mycobiota and naturally-occurring ochratoxin A in dairy cattle feed from Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Rosa ◽  
L. Cavaglieri ◽  
J. Ribeiro ◽  
K. Keller ◽  
V. Alonso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Penicillium Species ◽  
Cattle Feed ◽  
Toxigenic Fungi ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Care Costs ◽  
Prevalent Species ◽  
Penicillium Spp

The worldwide contamination of foods and feeds with toxigenic fungi and its mycotoxins is a significant problem of great agro-economic importance. The impact of mycotoxins includes toxic effects on humans and animals with increased health care, veterinary care costs and a reduced livestock production. The aims of the present work were: (1) to determine the mycobiota present in raw materials and finished cow's feed as well as to determine the ability of several Aspergillus and Penicillium isolated species to produce ochratoxin A, and (2) to evaluate the ochratoxin A production on these substrates. Samples (133) (corn, brewer's grain, barley rootlets, cotton flour, pelletised citric pulp and finished cow's feed) were collected. They were examined for total moulds, Aspergillus and Penicillium spp. occurrence and relative densities. The capacity to produce ochratoxin A by selected Aspergillus and Penicillium spp. was determined by HPLC. Total mould counts were generally higher than 1 x 104 cfu/g. Aspergillus and Penicillium species were isolated in the highest numbers. Aspergillus flavus, A. niger and A. ochraceus were the most prevalent species. A. niger (38.5%), A. carbonarius (71.4%), A. ochraceus (32.7%), and P. verrucosum (13.1%) were OTA producers at levels that ranged between 9 and 126 µg/kg. Finished cow's feed (25%), corn (31%), barley rootlet (21.6%) and brewer's grain (45%) samples were positive for OTA contamination. In this study, total counts were over the proposed limit to ensure hygienic quality. In general, samples showed the main toxicogenic genera, Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium, as prevalent. OTA producer strains were found and many samples yielded OTA levels higher than the permissible limits. OTA survey in raw materials and storage practices must be investigated to determine their occurrence and to establish the livestock toxicological risk in cow's feed.

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