scholarly journals Evaluation of Preemergence Herbicides in Vegetable Crops

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. Haar ◽  
S.A. Fennimore ◽  
M.E. McGiffen ◽  
W.T. Lanini ◽  
C.E. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Daucus Carota ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Processing Tomato ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides ◽  
Crop Stand

In an effort to identify new herbicides for vegetables crops, broccoli (Brassica oleracea) cantaloupe (Cucumis melo), carrot (Daucus carota), head lettuce (Lactuca sativa), bulb onion (Allium cepa), spinach (Spinacia oleracea) and processing tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) were evaluated in the field for tolerance to eight herbicides. The following herbicides and rates, expressed in a.i. lb/acre, were applied preemergence: carfentrazone, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2; flufenacet, 0.525; flumioxazin, 0.063, 0.125 and 0.25; halosulfuron, 0.032 and 0.047; isoxaben, 0.25 and 0.50; rimsulfuron, 0.016 and 0.031; SAN 582, 0.94 and 1.20 and sulfentrazone, 0.15 and 0.25 (1.000 lb/acre = 1.1208 kg·ha-1). Tolerance was evaluated by measuring crop stand, injury and biomass. Several leads for new vegetable herbicides were identified. Lettuce demonstrated tolerance to carfentrazone at 0.05 and 0.10 lb/acre. Cantaloupe and processing tomato were tolerant of halosulfuron at 0.032 and 0.047 lb/acre. Broccoli, cantaloupe and processing tomato were tolerant of SAN 582 at 0.94 lb/acre. Broccoli and carrot were tolerant of sulfentrazone at 0.15 lb/acre.

scholarly journals Seeding Uniformity of Precision Seeders

1998 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina P. Bracy ◽  
Richard L. Parish
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Daucus Carota ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Prior Work ◽  
Complete Determination

Stanhay, Carraro, and Gaspardo precision vegetable seeders were evaluated for seeding uniformity with seeds of five vegetable crops—cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. Capitata group), carrot (Daucus carota L.), cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), onion (Allium cepa L. Cepa group), and spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.). Five measurements [mean, percentage of misses, percentage of multiples, quality of feed, and precision (defined as the coefficient of variation after misses and multiples were discarded)] were used to evaluate seeder uniformity. Using all five measurements provided a more complete determination of the metering uniformity of the seeders than was possible in prior work when only mean and coefficient of variation were used. The belt seeder (Stanhay) was effective at singulating spherical seeds (cabbage) and nearly spherical seeds (onion)as the most precise vacuum seeder (Carraro). Seeding uniformity of all seeders with elongated (carrot and cucumber) or angular (spinach) seeds was inadequate for precision seeding.

scholarly journals Induction of Dormancy in Nondormant Seeds

1994 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 408-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anwar A. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Daucus Carota ◽  
Apium Graveolens ◽  
Lettuce Seeds ◽  
Moist Chilling ◽  
Dormancy Induction ◽  
Ga Biosynthesis

A gibberellic acid (GA) biosynthesis inhibitor, tetcyclacis, induced dormancy in nondormant seeds of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), carrot [Daucus carota var. sativus (Hoffn.)], onion (Allium cepa L.), celery (Apium graveolens L.), and impatiens (Impatiens novette), as most of the seeds failed to germinate after washing under conditions that permitted germination before dormancy induction. In lettuce seeds, tetcyclacis and paclobutrazol were more effective in inhibiting germination in light than in darkness. A 16- to 24-h soak treatment with tetcyclacis was sufficient to induce dormancy in nearly all seeds. Tetcyclacis failed to induce dormancy if applied after 6 h presoak in water. Dormancy induced by tetcyclacis was released by GA4+7 (a mixture of gibberellin A4 and A7), light, and moist-chilling treatments. When GA4+7 was applied with tetcyclacis, dormancy induction was prevented under both favorable, e.g., 25C, and unfavorable, e.g., 5C, or low water potential (Ψ), germination conditions. Unlike tetcyclacis, abscisic acid (ABA) failed to induce dormancy in lettuce seeds. Thermodormancy induction in lettuce seeds at 35C was prevented by fluridone. However, neither ABA nor tetcyclacis countered its effect. Dormancy was also induced in lettuce seeds by ancymidol, flurprimidol, or paclobutrazol. Dormancy induced by tetcyclacis in pepper, tomato, carrot, and onion seeds was released by GA4+7, but not by irradiation or moist-chilling. Chemical names used: 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-3, 4, 5, 9, 10-pentaazatetracyclo [5.4.102,6.08,11]-dodeca-3, 9-diene (tetcyclacis); 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4, 4-dimethyl-2-(1H-1, 2, 4-triazole-1-yl)-3-pentanol (paclobutrazol); α-cyclopropyl-α-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-pyrimidine methanol (ancymidol); α-(1-methyl)-α-[4-(trifluoromethoxy) phenyl]-5-pyrimidine-methanol (flurprimidol); 1-methyl-3-phenyl-5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4 (1H)-pyridinone (fluridone).

Lettuce infectious yellows 'closterovirus'. [Distribution map].

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Daucus Carota ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Lettuce infectious yellows closterovirus Viruses: Possible Closterovirus Hosts: Many crops and weeds, including lettuce (Lactuca sativa), beetroot (Beta vulgaris), marrow (Cucurbita pepo), melon (Cucumis melo), other Cucurbitaceae and carrot (Daucus carota). Information is given on the geographical distribution in NORTH AMERICA, Mexico, USA, Arizona, California, Pennsylvania, Texas.

scholarly journals Análisis comparativo de precios y costos de producción de hortalizas cultivadas de manera orgánica y convencional

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Elena Arce Quesada
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Daucus Carota ◽  
Coriandrum Sativum ◽  
Apium Graveolens

Introducción. La presente investigaciónes el primer esfuerzo identificado en Costa Rica, que concreta una comparación de costos de producción entre hortalizas orgánicas y convencionales. El proyecto permitió visibilizar los precios de venta, costos unitarios y márgenes de ganancia de los productos seleccionados y los comparó entre ambos esquemas de producción. Objetivo.Esclarecer las causas asignables a la diferenciaen precios de venta y costos de producción entre 6 hortalizas orgánicas y su homólogo convencional. Materiales y métodos. Se formuló un cues-tionario para consultar a 2 grupos de productores, uno conformado por 10 productores de hortalizas orgánicas y otro por 10 productores dedicados a la producción convencional. Se formularon 19 preguntas cerradas sobre costos de inversión, costos de producción, ingresos, relación costo-beneficio. Las hortalizas seleccionadasfueron culantro (Coriandrum sativum), lechuga(Lactuca sativa), papa (Solanum tuberosum), zanahoria (Daucus carota), apio (Apium graveolens) y brócoli (Brassica oleracea). Los datos  registrados fueron agrupados por costos de producción y precio de venta en ferias del agricultor. Resultados. El precio de venta de los productos orgánicos por unidad comercializada fue superior al de prácticas convencionales en todos los casos. Se logró determinar que la diferenciaporcentual en precios para zanahoria fue de28,57%, apio 40%, 25% para culantro, 53,33%para papa, 33,33% para lechuga y 66,67% parabroccoli. Además, se evidenció que los productosconvencionales presentaron mayor costo total de producción con respecto a los productos orgánicos, esto es un 41,70% superior para zanahoria, 65,18% para apio, 29,03% para culantro, 34,78%para papa, 16,65% para lechuga y 44,91% para brócoli. Conclusiones. Las actividades con prác-ticas convencionales expusieron costos superiores, debido a la demanda y compra de insumos externos y a la utilización de métodos de tránsito y rodaje de maquinaria, mientras que la producción orgánica propone baja dependencia de compra de insumos externos, ya que los requeridos son generados fundamentalmente en la propiafinca y los productores llevan a cabo prácticasque promueven la salud del agroecosistema, labiodiversidad y los ciclos biológicos.

scholarly journals Utjecaj uvjeta skladištenja na klijavost sjemena povrtnih vrsta

Sjemenarstvo ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 29-40
Author(s):  
Dijana Horvat ◽  
Helena Tomić-Obrtalj ◽  
Marina Palfi ◽  
Ivana Koprivnjak ◽  
Iva Rojnica
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Apium Graveolens ◽  
Allium Porrum ◽  
Lactuca Sativa L ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea L ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Brassica Oleracea L

Sjeme povrtnih vrsta namijenjeno vrtlarima hobistima uglavnom je iz uvoza, kategorije standard i pakirano u sitnim pakiranjima. Uvoznici koji prepakiravaju sjeme obavezni su nakon pakiranja ispitati klijavost. Neprodane količine sjemena povlače se s tržišta na kraju sezone i plasiraju u iduće dvije do tri sezone bez kontrole klijavosti te se događa da sjeme u prodaji ima lošu klijavost ili uopće nije klijavo. Cilj istraživanja bio je ispitati klijavost sjemena 24 povrtne vrste na uzorcima partija sjemena skladištenih u klimatiziranom skladištu i na uzorcima istih partija koje je na tržištu dvije vegetacijske sezone te usporediti s ispitanom klijavosti nakon uvoza. Istraživanjem je utvrđeno da klijavost sjemena celera listaša (Apium graveolens var. secalinum L.), celera korjenaša (Apium graveolens L.), peršina listaša (Petroselium crispum ssp. crispum L.), poriluka (Allium porrum L.), boba (Vicia faba L.), paprike (Capsicum annuum L.) i špinata (Spinacia oleracea L.)pada neovisno o uvjetima skladištenja, dok uvjeti skladištenja značajno utječu na klijavost kupusa (Brassica oleracea L.), brokule (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica), salate (Lactuca sativa L.) i cikle (Beta vulgaris L. var. conditiva). Od ukupno 24 partije sjemena povrtnih vrsta uzorkovanih u skladištu dorađivača (uvoznika) njih 46% nakon 20 mjeseci ne zadovoljava propisanu minimalnu klijavost, dok od istih partija sjemena uzorkovanih u skladištu laboratorija (kontrolirani uvjeti) ne zadovoljava njih 29%. Skladištenjem sjemena na temperaturi 15° C na tamnom i suhom mjestu te kontrolom klijavosti nakon svake vegetacijske sezone može se značajno utjecati na kvalitetu sjemena povrtnih vrsta na tržištu.

scholarly journals Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization and HPS Supplementary Lighting on Vegetable Transplant Production. II. Yield

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 599-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Masson ◽  
Nicolas Tremblay ◽  
André Gosselin
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Apium Graveolens ◽  
Natural Light ◽  
Factorial Combination ◽  
Supplementary Lighting

Transplants of celery (Apium graveolens L.), lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), broccoli (Brassica oleracea italica L.), and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) grown in multicellular trays under natural light or with supplementary lighting of 100 μmol·s-1·m-2 (PAR) in factorial combination with four rates of N fertilization (100, 200, 300, and 400 mg•liter-1) were tested for productivity under field conditions. Celery was seeded once, lettuce twice, and broccoli and tomato three times. Broccoli and tomato were transplanted at two sites, celery and lettuce at one. Supplementary lighting had no effect on yields of celery, lettuce, and broccoli, but significantly increased yields of early seeded tomato. High rates of N fertilization (300 and 400 mg·liter-1) applied at the transplant stage improved yields for all the species.

scholarly journals An Assessment of the Effects of ENSO Events on Fresh Vegetable and Melon Supplies

HortScience ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaehong Park ◽  
James W. Mjelde ◽  
Stephen W. Fuller ◽  
Jaime E. Malaga ◽  
C. Parr Rosson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Single Equation ◽  
Enso Events ◽  
Fresh Vegetable ◽  
Fresh Vegetables ◽  
Praecitrullus Fistulosus

The historical effects of El Niño/La Niña events on supplies of selected fresh vegetables and melons (Cucumis melo L.) were evaluated by estimating single-equation supply relationships. Economic variables in the estimated equations were, generally, of the correct sign and significant at usual levels. El Niño events had a negative and statistically significant effect on the Texas muskmelon, Florida fall squash [Praecitrullus fistulosus Stocks) Pang.] and the California fall lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) supply with expected production declines of 15%, 21%, and 5% relative to historical mean production. In contrast, the expected supplies of United States summer onions (Allium cepa L.) and Florida fall and winter tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) increased about 7%, 10%, and 25% during El Niño events. La Niña events had a negative and significant effect on Texas muskmelon, honeydew, and watermelon, with supplies expected to decline 20%, 29%, and 13% with the occurrence of this event.

Phytotoxic Effect of Oxyfluorfen Vaporization

Weed Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 306-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet M. Grabowski ◽  
Herbert J. Hopen
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Test Species ◽  
Emulsifiable Concentrate ◽  
Phytotoxic Effect

Under greenhouse conditions, vaporization of oxyfluorfen [2-chloro-1-(3-ethoxy-4-nitrophenoxy)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene] formulations (2 EC, 25 WP, 1G) was studied on cabbage (Brassica oleraceaL. var. capitata L. F. alba DC. ‘Market Prize’), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentumMill. ‘Campbell 37’), cucumber (Cucumis sativusL. ‘Straight 8’), and lettuce (Lactuca sativaL. ‘Salad Bowl’). The emulsifiable concentrate and granular formulations caused vapor injury to plants exposed under glass bell jars. Vapor injury to all species increased when exposure times were increased from 8 to 72 h. Lettuce was the most susceptible test species. Exposure temperatures of 18 and 29 C did not alter the amount of vapor injury apparent on tomato foliage. Oxyfluorfen vapor injury did not reduce dry weight of any test species.

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