scholarly journals Seeding Uniformity of Precision Seeders

1998 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina P. Bracy ◽  
Richard L. Parish
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Daucus Carota ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Prior Work ◽  
Complete Determination

Stanhay, Carraro, and Gaspardo precision vegetable seeders were evaluated for seeding uniformity with seeds of five vegetable crops—cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. Capitata group), carrot (Daucus carota L.), cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), onion (Allium cepa L. Cepa group), and spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.). Five measurements [mean, percentage of misses, percentage of multiples, quality of feed, and precision (defined as the coefficient of variation after misses and multiples were discarded)] were used to evaluate seeder uniformity. Using all five measurements provided a more complete determination of the metering uniformity of the seeders than was possible in prior work when only mean and coefficient of variation were used. The belt seeder (Stanhay) was effective at singulating spherical seeds (cabbage) and nearly spherical seeds (onion)as the most precise vacuum seeder (Carraro). Seeding uniformity of all seeders with elongated (carrot and cucumber) or angular (spinach) seeds was inadequate for precision seeding.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Preemergence Herbicides in Vegetable Crops

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. Haar ◽  
S.A. Fennimore ◽  
M.E. McGiffen ◽  
W.T. Lanini ◽  
C.E. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Daucus Carota ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Processing Tomato ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides ◽  
Crop Stand

In an effort to identify new herbicides for vegetables crops, broccoli (Brassica oleracea) cantaloupe (Cucumis melo), carrot (Daucus carota), head lettuce (Lactuca sativa), bulb onion (Allium cepa), spinach (Spinacia oleracea) and processing tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) were evaluated in the field for tolerance to eight herbicides. The following herbicides and rates, expressed in a.i. lb/acre, were applied preemergence: carfentrazone, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2; flufenacet, 0.525; flumioxazin, 0.063, 0.125 and 0.25; halosulfuron, 0.032 and 0.047; isoxaben, 0.25 and 0.50; rimsulfuron, 0.016 and 0.031; SAN 582, 0.94 and 1.20 and sulfentrazone, 0.15 and 0.25 (1.000 lb/acre = 1.1208 kg·ha-1). Tolerance was evaluated by measuring crop stand, injury and biomass. Several leads for new vegetable herbicides were identified. Lettuce demonstrated tolerance to carfentrazone at 0.05 and 0.10 lb/acre. Cantaloupe and processing tomato were tolerant of halosulfuron at 0.032 and 0.047 lb/acre. Broccoli, cantaloupe and processing tomato were tolerant of SAN 582 at 0.94 lb/acre. Broccoli and carrot were tolerant of sulfentrazone at 0.15 lb/acre.

scholarly journals Regression model of the influence of the height of drum mixer blades on the quality of mixture

2020 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 05047
Author(s):  
Konstantin Fudin ◽  
Vladimir Konovalov ◽  
Vladimir Zaitsev ◽  
Vyacheslav Teryushkov
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Experimental Error ◽  
Functional Dependence ◽  
Mixing Time ◽  
Computer Processing ◽  
Fourth Level ◽  
Drum Mixer ◽  
Design Factors

The aim of the research was to establish the influence of the number and height of blades of a drum mixer on the quality of the prepared mixture of concentrated feed. The research method of the drum mixer provided for the experimental determination of the coefficient of variation (unevenness) of the mixture with a three-level combination of the blades height and their number. The absence of an extremum according to the obtained data required the use of a fourth level of the number of blades. Computer processing of the results made it possible to establish a functional dependence of the influence of design factors on the quality of the mixture. The implementation of the used research methodology for the operation of the drum mixer made it possible to establish an adequate functional dependence of the influence of the number of blades and their height on the quality of the mixture. The number of blades used practically does not affect the coefficient of variation of the content of the control component. The values change less than experimental error. However, existing trends indicate a slight (about 1%) decrease in the coefficient of variation of the mixture with an increase in the number of blades from 2 to 8 pcs. For 50 kg of feed in a drum capacity of 0.26 m3, the height of the blades is about 0.15 m. The increase or decrease in the height to 0.125 m or 0.175 m affects the quality of the mixture, increasing the coefficient of variation from 20.6% to 34-50% at the proportion of the control component of 1% and the mixing time of 200 seconds.

scholarly journals A Greener HPTLC Approach for the Determination of β-Carotene in Traditional and Ultrasound-Based Extracts of Different Fractions of Daucus carota (L.), Ipomea batatas (L.), and Commercial Formulation

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2443
Author(s):  
Mohammed H. Alqarni ◽  
Prawez Alam ◽  
Aftab Alam ◽  
Abuzer Ali ◽  
Ahmed I. Foudah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Daucus Carota ◽  
Mobile Phase ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Commercial Formulation ◽  
Daucus Carota L ◽  
Ipomea Batatas ◽  
Analytical Approaches ◽  
Β Carotene

Various analytical approaches for determining β-carotene in vegetable crops and commercial dosage forms have been documented. However, neither the qualitative nor quantitative environmental safety and greener aspects of the literature analytical methodologies of β-carotene analysis have been assessed. As a result, the goal of this research is to develop and validate a reversed-phase “high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC)” approach for determining β-carotene in traditional (TE) and ultrasound-assisted (UBE) extracts of different fractions of Daucus carota (L.), Ipomea batatas (L.), and commercial formulation. The greener mobile phase for β-carotene analysis was a ternary mixture of ethanol, cyclohexane, and ammonia (95:2.5:2.5, v v v−1). The detection of β-carotene was done at a wavelength of 459 nm. In the 25–1000 ng band−1 range, the greener reversed-phase HPTLC approach was linear. Other validation factors for β-carotene analysis, including as accuracy, precision, robustness, and sensitivity, were likewise dependable. The contents of β-carotene were found to be maximum in hexane: acetone (50:50%) fractions of TE and UBE of D. carota and I. batatas compared to their acetone and hexane fractions. The amount of β-carotene in hexane: acetone (50:50%) portions of TE of D. carota, I. batatas and commercial formulation A was estimated to be 10.32, 3.73, and 6.73 percent w w−1, respectively. However, the amount of β-carotene in hexane: acetone (50:50%) portions of UBE of D. carota, I. batatas and commercial formulation A was estimated to be 11.03, 4.43, and 6.89 percent w w−1, respectively. The greenness scale for the proposed HPTLC strategy was calculated as 0.81 using the “analytical GREEnness (AGREE)” method, indicating that the proposed HPTLC methodology has good greenness. The UBE approach for extracting β-carotene outperformed the TE procedure. These results indicated that the greener reversed-phase HPTLC approach can be utilized for the determination of β-carotene in different vegetable crops, plant-based phytopharmaceuticals, and commercial products. In addition, this approach is also safe and sustainable due to the utilization of a greener mobile phase compared to the toxic mobile phases utilized in literature analytical approaches of β-carotene estimation.

scholarly journals (212) Gas Exchange and Antioxidant Properties of Two Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) Cultivars of Contrasting Morphology

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1057A-1057
Author(s):  
Alexis M. Barbarin ◽  
Frank J. Williams ◽  
Greg T. Bettmann ◽  
Donald P. Hauber ◽  
Harish H. Ratnayaka
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Photosystem Ii Efficiency ◽  
Chlorophylls A And B

'Knowledge of constitutive levels of gas exchange and antioxidant properties under unstressed conditions is critical for elucidating their potential roles in stress tolerance, planning cultural practices, and evaluating nutritional quality of vegetable crops. This greenhouse study reports gas exchange, photosystem II efficiency, and pigment and antioxidant profiles of two spinach cultivars [SpinaciaoleraceaL., cvs. Bloomsdale Long Standing (Bloomsdale) and Hybrid Tyee (Tyee)] with contrasting morphology. `Bloomsdale', the cultivar with more compact stature and larger leaves, had 47% greater photosynthesis (Pnet) than `Tyee'. Stomatal conductance (gs) and transpiration (E) were 94% and 46% greater in `Bloomsdale' than `Tyee', respectively. However, photosystem II efficiency (Fv'/Fm') was only 8% greater in `Bloomsdale' than `Tyee'. Instantaneous water use efficiency was similar in both cultivars. `Bloomsdale' had nonsignificantly greater concentrations of chlorophylls a and b, lutein, β-carotene and violaxanthin than `Tyee'. Both cultivars had similar, marginal α-tocopherol concentrations (<0.1 ng·g-1 FW). However, `Tyee' had a greater chlorophyll a:b ratio which, combined with lower gs and E, suggests a possible advantage for `Tyee' over `Bloomsdale' under relatively dry and high light conditions. Further studies must be conducted to compare nutritional quality of the two cultivars, based on constitutive levels of pigments and antioxidants. Greater gas exchange activity in `Bloomsdale' than `Tyee' appears to be due more to CO2 acquisition/metabolism than photosystem II efficiency or concentrations of pigments and antioxidants.

scholarly journals Broadcast vs. Band Applications of Fertilizer for Vegetable Crops

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 599D-599
Author(s):  
Richard L. Parish ◽  
Regina P. Bracy ◽  
Hershel F. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Yield And Quality

A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of banding or broadcasting fertilizer on yield and quality of turnip (Brassica rapa L. Rapifera group), sweetcorn (Zea mays var. rugosa Bonaf), and cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. Capitata group). Preplant fertilizer was applied broadcast prior to bedding, broadcast after bedding, or banded after bedding. Sidedress applications were broadcast or banded on the beds. Strong visual differences were noticed early in the season in the spring turnip crop with the growth in the broadcast-then-bed treatment appearing superior. The yield at first harvest and total yield were lower for turnip growth with the bed-and-broadcast treatments. No differences in yield of cabbage and sweetcorn resulted from the treatments. Few differences in turnip stem to leaf ratio were noted due to fertilizer treatment. Few differences in yield due to sidedress method were noted with any of the crops. Since broadcasting can be done with a faster, wider applicator, growers could reduce costs by broadcasting fertilizer and obtain yields that are at least equivalent to the yields from banding.

NUMERICAL DETERMINATION OF THE FACTOR OF ENCIRCLED ENERGY RELATIVE TO A DIFFRACTION PATTERN OF REVOLUTION

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 1696-1709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Lansraux ◽  
Germain Boivin
Keyword(s):  
Diffraction Pattern ◽  
Optical System ◽  
Computing Methods ◽  
Numerical Determination ◽  
Normalization Factor ◽  
Good Test ◽  
Observation Plane ◽  
Complete Determination

An optical system which is symmetrical about some axis forms a diffraction pattern around its focus F in an observation plane II.The factor of encircled energy E(W) is, apart from a normalization factor, the energy spread over the II plane inside a circle of radius W, centered on F.Although it is a good test for the quality of an optical system, the factor of encircled energy has not been used a great deal because of the lengthy calculations that its numerical determination requires. Two rapid computing methods are exposed here, with tables allowing a complete determination of E(W).

scholarly journals Determination of Germination Quality of Cucumber (Cucumis Sativus) Seed by LED-Induced Hyperspectral Reflectance Imaging

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 318-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changyeun Mo ◽  
Jongguk Lim ◽  
Kangjin Lee ◽  
Sukwon Kang ◽  
Moon S. Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Hyperspectral Reflectance

Development of an eco-friendly approach based on dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for the quantitative determination of quercetin inNasturtium officinale,Apium graveolens,Spinacia oleracea,Brassica oleracea var. sabellica, and food samples

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (17) ◽  
pp. 14340-14348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Arabi ◽  
Abbas Ostovan ◽  
Arash Asfaram ◽  
Mehrorang Ghaedi
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Apium Graveolens ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Dispersive Liquid Liquid Microextraction ◽  
Liquid Microextraction

A fast, sensitive, inexpensive and environment-friendly dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction technique was developed based on solidification of floating organic drops.

scholarly journals Optimal plot size in the evaluation of papaya scions: proposal and comparison of methods

Revista CERES ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Humberto Felipe Celanti ◽  
Edilson Romais Schmildt ◽  
Omar Schmildt ◽  
Rodrigo Sobreira Alexandre ◽  
Laercio Francisco Cattaneo
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Petiole Length ◽  
Blank Trial ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Maximum Curvature ◽  
Bootstrap Simulation ◽  
Number Of Leaves

ABSTRACT Evaluating the quality of scions is extremely important and it can be done by characteristics of shoots and roots. This experiment evaluated height of the aerial part, stem diameter, number of leaves, petiole length and length of roots of papaya seedlings. Analyses were performed from a blank trial with 240 seedlings of "Golden Pecíolo Curto". The determination of the optimum plot size was done by applying the methods of maximum curvature, maximum curvature of coefficient of variation and a new proposed method, which incorporates the bootstrap resampling simulation to the maximum curvature method. According to the results obtained, five is the optimal number of seedlings of papaya "Golden Pecíolo Curto" per plot. The proposed method of bootstrap simulation with replacement provides optimal plot sizes equal or higher than the maximum curvature method and provides same plot size than maximum curvature method of the coefficient of variation.

scholarly journals Dosage des métaux lourds dans le sol et les produits maraîchers du site maraîcher de Houéyiho au Bénin

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1893-1901
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Yehouenou Azehoun Pazou ◽  
Judicaël Azehoun Pazou ◽  
Mahoudjro Roméo Adamou
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Cooking Methods ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Vegetable Products ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
Continue Research

Le maraîchage dans les villes et les localités périurbaines ne sont pas sans conséquence sur la qualité des produits maraîchers qui y sont cultivés. La présente étude vise à évaluer la qualité des produits maraîchers consommés au Bénin afin de mieux appréhender les risques pour la santé humaine. Les métaux lourds (Pb, Cu et Zn) ont été dosés par la spectrophotométrie d’absorption atomique dans le sol et les cultures maraîchères fraîches et cuites. Il ressort de l’étude que le sol des différentes cultures maraîchères est contaminé par les métaux lourds (Pb : 0,028 à 2,235 mg/kg, Cu : 0,037 mg/kg à 0,264 mg/kg, Zn : 0,613 à 3,234 mg/kg) ainsi que le compost utilisé pour son amendement (Pb : 0,224 mg/kg, Cu : 0,419 mg/kg et Zn : 1,717 mg/kg). Les cultures maraîchères analysées sont aussi contaminés par les métaux lourds (Pb : 0,009 à 4,124 mg/kg, Cu : 0,073 mg/kg à 2,146 mg/kg, Zn : 0,573 à 14,12 mg/kg) avec des facteurs de bioconcentration allant à plus de 4 pour le Brassica oleracea et 8 pour le Vernonia amygdalina qui sont les plus contaminés. Toutefois, la cuisson a entraîné une réduction considérable des teneurs en métaux lourds, ce qui réduit le risque sanitaire pour le consommateur. Une vigilance de la population et une variation de l’alimentation sont alors importantes pour garantir une meilleure santé. Il est prévu de continuer les travaux de recherche sur d’autres spéculations maraîchères et polluants chimiques.Mots clés: Éléments métalliques, spéculations maraîchères, influence modes de cuisson. English Title: Determination of heavy metals in soil and vegetable products in BeninMarket gardening in towns and peri-urban localities is not without consequence on the quality of the market garden products which are cultivated there. This study aims to evaluate the quality of market garden produce consumed in Benin in order to better understand the risks to human health. Heavy metals (Pb, Cu and Zn) were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry in soil and fresh and cooked vegetable crops. The study showed that the soil of the various vegetable crops is contaminated by heavy metals (Pb: 0.028 to 2.235 mg/kg, Cu: 0.037 mg/kg to 0.264 mg/kg, Zn: 0.613 to 3.234 mg/kg) and the compost used for its amendment too (Pb: 0.224 mg/kg, Cu: 0.419 mg/kg and Zn: 1.717 mg/kg). The vegetable crops analyzed are also contaminated by heavy metals (Pb: 0.009 to 4.124 mg/kg, Cu: 0.073 mg/kg to 2.146 mg/kg, Zn: 0.573 to 14.12 mg/kg) with bioconcentration factors ranging from more than 4 for Brassica oleracea and 8 for Vernonia amygdalina which are the most contaminated. However, cooking has resulted in a significant reduction in heavy metal contents, which reduces the health risk for the consumer. A vigilance of the population and a variation of the food are then important to guarantee a better health. It is planned to continue research on other vegetable crops and chemical pollutantsKeywords: Metallic elements, vegetables crops, cooking methods influence.    

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