Feasibility of New Technology to Comprehensively Characterize Air Emissions from Full Scale Open Burning and Open Detonation

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byung J. Kim ◽  
Michael R. Kemme ◽  
Brian Gullett ◽  
Mark J. Rood ◽  
Ram Hashmonay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Technology ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Air Emissions ◽  
Open Burning ◽  
Open Detonation

Characterization of Emissions Produced by the Open Burning/Open Detonation of Complex Munitions

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
James L. Wilcox ◽  
Ben Entezam ◽  
Michael J. Molenaar ◽  
Thomas R. Shreeve
Keyword(s):  
Open Burning ◽  
Open Detonation

Evaluating Pressure Integrity of Polymer Ring Seals for Threaded Connections in HP/HT Wells and Expandable Casing

SPE Journal ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (01) ◽  
pp. 123-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence B. Hilbert ◽  
Jorgen Bergstrom
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Constitutive Model ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Seal Integrity ◽  
Seal Design ◽  
Threaded Connections ◽  
Metal Seal ◽  
Physical Testing ◽  
Ring Seal

Summary This paper presents new technology for evaluating high-pressure gas-seal integrity of polymer ring seals used as secondary or backup pressure seals in casing and tubing threaded connections. This new technology may also enable the further consideration of API connections with ring seals, as an alternative to premium connections, for appropriate applications. A nonlinear elasto-viscoplastic constitutive model for the behavior of polymers and elastomers has been developed and extended to the specific application of analysis of casing and tubing connections with fiberglass-filled polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) ring seals. Procedures for modeling makeup of a connection including a fiberglass-filled PTFE ring seal have been developed using a finite-element model (FEM) of 10¾-in. OD, 45.5 lb/ft, P-110 API buttress thread casing-seal ring groove (BTC-SRG). The results of finite-element analysis (FEA) of makeup, followed by the application of thermal, axial, and internal pressure loads are presented in this paper. In addition, based on the interest in the development of gas-tight threaded connections for expandable casing, the FEM was subjected to a radial expansion of a 20% increase in the outside diameter. In this paper, the theory of the constitutive model is summarized and calibration of the model with experimental test and published data are presented. The focus of the FEA results is on the contact pressures between the ring seal, coupling groove, and pin threads. Historical Perspective FEA of threaded connections has been used for overcoming challenging well-design problems for many years (Crose et al. 1976). FEA has become an important part of the validation and service evaluation process of API and proprietary casing and tubing threaded connection designs, along with the physical testing procedures documented in API RP 5C5 (1996) and ISO 13679: 2002 (2002). Major advances have been achieved in design of premium connections through analysis of metal-to-metal seal contact stresses computed from FEM (Hilbert and Kalil 1992). Analysis and verification of the performance of threaded connections that include polymeric or elastomeric ring seals has been limited to full-scale physical testing (Payne 1988). Until now, only costly full-scale gas pressure tests have been used to evaluate ring seal integrity. Ring-seal design has been a trial and error process, with new ring-seal or pin and coupling dimensions prescribed only after failure of the seal in a proof test. In some cases, ring design or the effects of ring dimensions have been based on analytical calculations, relying on the bulk modulus of the material. When more advanced design tools, such as FEA, have been used, the pressure generated by entrapment of the ring seal has been estimated and then these pressures have been applied to the groove and pin thread surfaces to simulate the effect of the actual ring seal. The developments in the paper were motivated by a need to reduce the cost of connection qualification by reducing the number of tests and to improve the process of ring-seal design. Properties of PTFE PTFE is a thermoplastic fluorocarbon derived from the monomer tetrafluoroethylene (TFE). PTFE is a semi-crystalline polymer composed of crystalline and amorphous regions. Its molecular structure, shown in Fig. 1, consists of long chains of carbon atoms symmetrically surrounded by fluorine atoms. This structure imbues PTFE with unique mechanical and chemical properties. The straight "backbone" of carbon atoms provides PTFE with a high degree of chemical inertness, stability, and one of the lowest coefficients of friction of any commonly used material. PTFE is more commonly known by the trade name Teflon. In a moment of pure serendipity, in 1938 Roy Plunckett of DuPont discovered TFE when he was conducting experiments to develop nonflammable, nontoxic, colorless, and odorless refrigerants (Ebnesajjad 2000).

Testing and Analysis of Steel Strip Reinforcement for Pipeline External Rehabilitation

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Miles ◽  
Tim J. M. Bond ◽  
Raymond N. Burke ◽  
Ruben van Schalkwijk
Keyword(s):  
Steel Strip ◽  
New Technology ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Batch Tests ◽  
Girth Welds ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Pipeline Design

A new technology for external rehabilitation of pipelines, known as XHab™, has been developed. This method involves wrapping multiple layers of ultra-high strength steel strip (UHSS) in a helical form continuously over an extended length of pipeline using a dedicated forming and wrapping machine. The reinforcement afforded by the strip can be used to bring a defective section of pipe (e.g. externally corroded or dented) back to its original allowable operating conditions, or even to increase the allowable operating pressure if the desired operating conditions exceed the original pipeline design limits. This paper describes the full scale burst testing and analysis of defective pipes which have been repaired using the XHab process. The full scale test sections are 30″ × 0.5″ API 5L X52 DSAW pipe and include the following specimens: • Bare pipe with no defects; • Bare pipe with single machined defect; • Wrapped pipe with single machined defect and designed reinforcement; • Wrapped pipe with single machined defect and insufficient reinforcement; • Wrapped pipe with interacting defect array and designed reinforcement. The above full scale burst tests are supplemented by FEA models using ABAQUS. The material models for the steel pipe, UHSS strip, defect patch material and strip adhesive are based on measured data from the batch tests and tuned against the control burst test results. The structural behavior in the individual metallic and non-metallic elements can therefore be examined more closely, particularly in the region of the defect and where the wrapped strip crosses seam and girth welds.

scholarly journals The application of ferrate for sewage treatment: pilot- to full-scale trials

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-99 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New Technology ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Substantial Cost ◽  
Substantial Cost Saving ◽  
Treatment Practice ◽  
High Doses

This paper aims to study a relative new technology, the online generation and application of ferrate(VI), for sewage treatment, from pilot to full scale trials at Hailsham North Wastewater Treatment Plant of Southern Water Ltd of UK. The work presented in this paper has significant impact on the use of ferrate(VI) in water and waste water treatment practice; the online production and application of ferrate(VI) resolves problems of the instability and needs no transportation. The current efficiency of ferrate(VI) generation was up to 70% through the developed system, which is relatively high. For achieving the same phosphorus removal target from the crude sewage, the ferrate dose required was in a very lower range, 0.01 - 0.2 mg Fe6+/L in comparison with high doses of ferric sulphate; these will reduce the chemical demand and sludge production and therefore result in a low operating cost and generate substantial cost saving in treating sewage.

Method for Screening and Analysis of Residues Common to Munition Open Burning/Open Detonation (OB/OD) Sites

1992 ◽  
Vol 48 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 217-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Major ◽  
R. T. Checkai ◽  
C. T. Phillips ◽  
R. S. Wentsel ◽  
R. O. Nwanguma
Keyword(s):  
Open Burning ◽  
Open Detonation

Low Emissions Combustion System Development for the GE Energy High Hydrogen Turbine Program

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Lacy ◽  
Willy Ziminsky ◽  
John Lipinski ◽  
Bala Varatharajan ◽  
Ertan Yilmaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
System Development ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle ◽  
High Hydrogen ◽  
Integrated Gasification

Progress on the joint GE Energy/US Department of Energy (DOE) High Hydrogen Turbine Program is presented. A summary of GE’s current integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) experience is provided. The Phase I approach is discussed with selected results included. The program follows the well-established GE approach to introducing new technology through: fundamental laboratory testing and analysis; subscale demonstration; full-scale development; full-scale verification. Advancements towards the ultimate goal of ultralow NOx emissions with coal derived pre-combustion carbon capture fuels are presented. Feasibility of diluent-free low NOx combustion is demonstrated experimentally at gas turbine conditions with representative fuel compositions. Phase II design challenges are highlighted within the framework of Phase I results.

scholarly journals Distribution and Fate of Military Explosives and Propellants in Soil: A Review

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Pichtel
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Energetic Materials ◽  
Military Training ◽  
Military Conflict ◽  
Open Burning ◽  
Manufacturing Operations ◽  
Training Activities ◽  
Open Detonation

Energetic materials comprise both explosives and propellants. When released to the biosphere, energetics are xenobiotic contaminants which pose toxic hazards to ecosystems, humans, and other biota. Soils worldwide are contaminated by energetic materials from manufacturing operations; military conflict; military training activities at firing and impact ranges; and open burning/open detonation (OB/OD) of obsolete munitions. Energetic materials undergo varying degrees of chemical and biochemical transformation depending on the compounds involved and environmental factors. This paper addresses the occurrence of energetic materials in soils including a discussion of their fates after contact with soil. Emphasis is placed on the explosives 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), and octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX), and the propellant ingredients nitroglycerin (NG), nitroguanidine (NQ), nitrocellulose (NC), 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT), and perchlorate.

Use of floating seals to exclude oxygen penetration in non-aerated selectors

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-364
Author(s):  
A. Jobbágy ◽  
T. Weinpel ◽  
V. Bakos ◽  
Zs. Vánkos
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Filamentous Bacteria ◽  
Oxygen Penetration ◽  
The North ◽  
Sludge Settling ◽  
P Removal

Abstract It is widely assumed that non-aerated selectors are very efficient in nutrient removal, and especially anaerobic basins may largely contribute to good sludge settleability as well. However, based on results measured in full-scale, this paper draws attention to the fact that with decreasing availability of readily biodegradable carbon source (rbCOD) being experienced worldwide, oxygen penetration into non-aerated basins through the uncovered surface may no longer be considered negligible. When the oxygen mass transfer is significant compared to the available influent rbCOD, non-aerated selectors should be regarded as basins with low dissolved oxygen (low DO) concentrations that may underperform with respect to nutrient removal and favor the growth of filaments, especially during low-loaded conditions. In order to fully exclude oxygen penetration, floating seals have been developed and applied at the North-Budapest Wastewater Treatment Plant in Hungary. Comparative full-scale studies showed prevention of significant amounts of influent rbCOD loss (up to 60 mg/L) through the application of this new technology. This amount of saved, non-oxidised but fermented carbon source could be accordingly used for enhancing biological P-removal. Due to the elimination of microaerophilic conditions, the undesirable growth of filamentous bacteria could also be avoided, leading to significantly better activated sludge settling.

Development & Test of a Full Scale Integrated Abatement System for the Treatment Of Ship Air Emissions

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Cazzola ◽  
◽  
E Firenze ◽  
M P Salio ◽  
L Grossi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Full Scale ◽  
Air Emissions
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