scholarly journals Effects of copper on growth, antioxidant enzymes and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activities in Jatropha curcas L. seedling

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 117-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Gao ◽  
R. Yan ◽  
M. Cao ◽  
W. Yang ◽  
S. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase ◽  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Copper Stress ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Pal Activity ◽  
Seedling Biomass ◽  
Leaves And Roots

The effects of different concentrations of copper (0–800 &mu;mol) on growth, protein contents, peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) in <I>Jatropha curcas</I> L. seedlings were assessed by means of pot experiments. Results suggested that increased copper concentrations lead to decreased shoot elongation and seedling biomass. Protein content in the leaves and roots reached their highest levels at the copper concentrations of 400 &mu;mol, while the highest protein content in the stem was observed at 800 &mu;mol copper. POD activity in leaves and stems was unaffected at low copper concentrations, but showed a considerable variation at high copper concentrations. In roots, the highest POD activity was observed at 200 &mu;mol copper. Under copper stress, SOD activity in leaves increased concomitantly with increasing copper up to 400 &mu;mol, and SOD activity in stems and roots showed a slight increase. Catalase activity significantly elevated in leaves and roots but showed no significant changes in stems of the seedlings exposed to copper. A gradual increase of PAL activity in leaves and roots at the copper concentration of 400 and 200 &mu;mol was observed, while PAL activity remained unchanged in stems.

scholarly journals Effects of cadmium on growth and antioxidant responses in Glycyrrhiza uralensis seedlings

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 508-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Zheng ◽  
H.P. Lv ◽  
S. Gao ◽  
S.R. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase ◽  
Cadmium Toxicity ◽  
Cadmium Acetate ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Glycyrrhiza Uralensis ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Responses ◽  
Pal Activity ◽  
Seedling Biomass ◽  
Different Tissues

In the present study, Glycyrrhiza uralensis (Leguminosae) seeds were germinated and grown with different concentrations (0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 mmol/l) of cadmium acetate, in order to investigate the effects of cadmium on the growth, uptake, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activities in Glycyrrhiza uralensis seedlings. Uptake of Cd in different tissues of seedlings increased with increasing Cd concentrations in the tested medium, with most accumulation in the radicles. Results suggested that increased cadmium concentrations lead to decreased shoot elongation and seedling biomass. SOD activity in the cotyledons, hypocotyls and radicles increased gradually up to 0.2, 0.1 and 0.4 mmol/l, respectively. POD activity in the cotyledons, hypocotyls and radicles concentrations increased continuously with rising cadmium concentrations up to 0.2, 0.1 and 0.1 mmol/l, respectively. CAT activity in the cotyledons, hypocotyls and radicles increased gradually with increasing cadmium concentrations up to 0.2, 0.2 and 0.1 mmol/l, respectively. PPO activity showed significant increases in the cotyledons, hypocotyls and radicles at 0.4, 0.1 and 0.2 mmol/l cadmium, respectively. A significant change of PAL activity in the cotyledons, hypocotyls and radicles was observed with increasing cadmium concentrations up to 0.2, 0.4 and 0.2 mmol/l, respectively. Results of POD isoenzymes suggested that the staining intensities of isoform patterns were consistent with the changes of the activities assayed in solutions. These results suggested that Glycyrrhiza uralensis seedlings may have a better protection against oxidative stress by increasing antioxidant enzymes and PAL activity exposed to cadmium toxicity.

scholarly journals Nickel toxicity induced antioxidant enzyme and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activities in Jatropha curcas L. cotyledons

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 294-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Yan ◽  
S. Gao ◽  
W. Yang ◽  
M. Cao ◽  
S. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Nickel Toxicity ◽  
Pal Activity ◽  
High Nickel ◽  
Isoenzyme Patterns ◽  
Negative Link

<I>Jatropha curcas</I> L. embryos were germinated and grown in vitro under nickel concentrations of 100, 200, 400 and 800 &mu;mol to observe the effects of high nickel concentrations on seedling growth. Observed biological makers included biomass, and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) in the cotyledons. The fresh weight of cotyledons in all the tested nickel concentrations was lower than that of the control, but dry weight of cotyledons increased with increasing nickel concentrations up to 200 &mu;mol. SOD activity increased significantly up to 400 &mu;mol and then decreased at 800 &mu;mol nickel. POD activities were induced remarkably at 100 and 200 &mu;mol, but the activity decreased with increasing nickel concentrations. Similarly, a negative link between CAT activity and nickel concentrations was observed in this experiment. PAL activity had a positive correlation to nickel concentrations, and the highest activity was found at 400 &mu;mol nickel. Electrophoresis analysis suggested that a significant correlation between nickel concentrations and isoenzyme patterns of SOD and POD was observed, and these results were consistent with the changes of the activity assayed in solutions.

scholarly journals Effects of salt stress on growth, antioxidant enzyme and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activities in Jatropha curcas L. seedlings

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 374-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Gao ◽  
C. Ouyang ◽  
S. Wang ◽  
Y. Xu ◽  
L. Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase ◽  
Peak Activity ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Pal Activity ◽  
Organ Type ◽  
Nacl Concentration

The effects of increasing NaCl concentrations on biomass, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) in <I>Jatropha curcas</I> L. seedlings were investigated. The fresh weights of cotyledons and radicles with increasing NaCl concentrations decreased progressively, and the fresh weight of hypocotyls reached the lowest level at NaCl concentration of 150 mmol and then increased. SOD activity in the cotyledons, hypocotyls and radicles increased gradually up to NaCl concentrations of 150, 200 and 150 mmol, respectively. The highest POD activities in the cotyledons, hypocotyls and radicles were observed at NaCl concentrations of 150, 200 and 150 mmol, respectively. CAT activity in the cotyledons, hypocotyls and radicles enhanced gradually up to 100, 200 and 150 mmol NaCl concentrations, respectively. Increased PAL activity in the hypocotyls and radicles was linearly and positively correlated with increasing NaCl concentrations, but the peak activity in the cotyledons was observed at NaCl concentration of 150 mmol. Electrophoresis analysis suggested that different patterns in SOD and POD isoenzymes depend on NaCl concentrations and organ type, and the staining intensities of these isoforms are consistent with the changes of enzyme activity assayed in solutions.

Changes of Antioxidant Enzyme and Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase Activities during Chimonanthus praecox Seed Maturation

2008 ◽  
Vol 63 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 569-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojia He ◽  
Shun Gao
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Seed Maturation ◽  
Pal Activity ◽  
Chimonanthus Praecox

Changes in peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activities were studied during Chimonanthus praecox seed maturation. According to our findings the protein content increased steadily from 8 to 12 weeks after flowering, and thereafter decreased significantly. Similarly, SOD and POD activities increased gradually up to 12 weeks after flowering and then declined. PAL activity declined gradually during seed maturation. CAT activity, however, showed no changes during seed maturation. By means of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), SOD and POD isoenzymes were observed during seed maturation. The staining intensities of SOD and POD isoenzymes correlated well with SOD and POD activities as obtained by an assay in solution. These findings suggest that POD, SOD and PAL may be involved in the growth and development during Chimonanthus praecox seed maturation.

Growth and Antioxidant Responses in Jatropha curcas Cotyledons under Lead Stress

2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 859-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shun Gao ◽  
Rui Yan ◽  
Jun Wu ◽  
Fu-li Zhang ◽  
Sheng-hua Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Lead Concentration ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Responses ◽  
Pal Activity

Jatropha curcas embryos were grown in vitro to observe the effects of lead on cotyledon responses. The cotyledon biomass increased initially and then decreased with increasing lead concentration. The SOD activity increased gradually up to 200 μM and then decreased. The POD activity showed a similar trend. The CAT activity was increased at all lead concentrations, the highest activity being observed at 200 μM. However, the PAL activity was inhibited significantly except for 100 μM. Anaylsis by electrophoresis suggested a significant correlation between lead concentration and patterns of SOD, POD and CAT isoenzymes, and these results were consistent with changes of the antioxidant enzyme activities as assayed in solution.

scholarly journals Cell Death and Metabolic Stress in Gymnodinium catenatum Induced by Allelopathy

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 506
Author(s):  
Leyberth José Fernández-Herrera ◽  
Christine Johanna Band-Schmidt ◽  
Tania Zenteno-Savín ◽  
Ignacio Leyva-Valencia ◽  
Claudia Judith Hernández-Guerrero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Cellular Stress ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Free Media ◽  
O2 Production ◽  
Gymnodinium Catenatum

Allelopathy between phytoplankton species can promote cellular stress and programmed cell death (PCD). The raphidophyte Chattonella marina var. marina, and the dinoflagellates Margalefidinium polykrikoides and Gymnodinium impudicum have allelopathic effects on Gymnodinium catenatum; however, the physiological mechanisms are unknown. We evaluated whether the allelopathic effect promotes cellular stress and activates PCD in G. catenatum. Cultures of G. catenatum were exposed to cell-free media of C. marina var. marina, M. polykrikoides and G. impudicum. The mortality, superoxide radical (O2●−) production, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, protein content, and caspase-3 activity were quantified. Mortality (between 57 and 79%) was registered in G. catenatum after exposure to cell-free media of the three species. The maximal O2●− production occurred with C. marina var. marina cell-free media. The highest TBARS levels and SOD activity in G. catenatum were recorded with cell-free media from G. impudicum. The highest protein content was recorded with cell-free media from M. polykrikoides. All cell-free media caused an increase in the activity of caspase-3. These results indicate that the allelopathic effect in G. catenatum promotes cell stress and caspase-3 activation, as a signal for the induction of programmed cell death.

scholarly journals Effects of Polysaccharide Elicitors on Secondary Metabolite Production and Antioxidant Response inHypericum perforatumL. Shoot Cultures

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonja Gadzovska Simic ◽  
Oliver Tusevski ◽  
Stéphane Maury ◽  
Alain Delaunay ◽  
Claude Joseph ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase ◽  
Hypericum Perforatum ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Redox System ◽  
Antioxidant Response ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Shoot Cultures ◽  
Significant Suppression ◽  
Pal Activity

The effects of polysaccharide elicitors such as chitin, pectin, and dextran on the production of phenylpropanoids (phenolics and flavonoids) and naphtodianthrones (hypericin and pseudohypericin) inHypericum perforatumshoot cultures were studied. Nonenzymatic antioxidant properties (NEAOP) and peroxidase (POD) activity were also observed in shoot extracts. The activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and chalcone-flavanone isomerase (CHFI) were monitored to estimate channeling in phenylpropanoid/flavonoid pathways of elicited shoot cultures. A significant suppression of the production of total phenolics and flavonoids was observed in elicited shoots from day 14 to day 21 of postelicitation. This inhibition of phenylpropanoid production was probably due to the decrease in CHFI activity in elicited shoots. Pectin and dextran promoted accumulation of naphtodianthrones, particularly pseudohypericin, within 21 days of postelicitation. The enhanced accumulation of naphtodianthrones was positively correlated with an increase of PAL activity in elicited shoots. All tested elicitors induced NEAOP at day 7, while chitin and pectin showed increase in POD activity within the entire period of postelicitation. The POD activity was in significantly positive correlation with flavonoid and hypericin contents, suggesting a strong perturbation of the cell redox system and activation of defense responses in polysaccharide-elicitedH. perforatumshoot cultures.

Effects of Herbicides on Growth and Extractable Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase Activity in Light- and Dark-Grown Soybean (Glycine max) Seedlings

Weed Science ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Hoagland ◽  
Stephen O. Duke
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Continuous Darkness ◽  
Soybean Seedlings ◽  
Pal Activity ◽  
Lyase Activity ◽  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase Activity

Effects of 16 herbicides representing 14 herbicide classes on growth and extractable phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL, EC 4.3.1.5) were examined in light- and dark-grown soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Hill’] seedlings. High purity (96 to 100%) herbicides were supplied via aqueous culture at various concentrations: 0.5 mM amitrole (3-amino-s-triazole), 0.1 mM atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine], 0.07 mM diclofop-methyl {methyl ester of 2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy] propanoicacid}, 0.5 mM DSMA (disodium methanearsonate), 0.2 mM fenuron (1,1-dimethyl-3-phenylurea), 0.05 mM fluridone {1-methyl-3-phenyl-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4(1H)-pyridinone}, 0.5 mM MH (1,2-dihydro-3,6-pyridazinedione), 0.5 mM metribuzin [4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylthio)-as-triazin-5(4H)-one], 1.8 μM nitralin [4-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropylaniline], 0.5 mM norflurazon [4-chloro-5-(methylamino)-2-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)-3(2H)-pyridazinone], 0.05 mM paraquat (1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ion), 0.15 mM perfluidone {1,1,1-trifluoro-N-[2-methyl-4-(phenylsulfonyl)phenyl] methanesulfonamide}, 0.2 mM propanil (3′,4′-dichloropropionanilide), 0.1 mM propham (isopropyl carbanilate), 0.5 mM TCA (trichloroacetic acid), and 0.05 mM 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid]. Dark-grown soybean seedlings (3-day-old) were transferred to control solutions (2 mM CaSO4) or to herbicide solutions (in 2 mM CaSO4) and grown at 25 C in continuous white light (200 μE•m-2•s-1) or continuous darkness until harvested 24 or 48 h after transfer. After 48 h, growth (fresh weight, dry weight, elongation) was inhibited by most of the chemicals. Other signs of toxicity (necrosis, secondary root stunting, and root tip swelling) were noted for some treatments. Roots were most affected, although hypocotyls were generally not changed. Hypocotyl elongation was stimulated by atrazine, fluridone, and norflurazon after 48 h light. Extractable PAL activity from soybean axes was decreased by atrazine, fenuron, metribuzin, norflurazon, propanil, propham, and 2,4-D. Amitrole and paraquat were the only herbicides that increased extractable PAL activity. Other compounds tested had no effect on the enzyme. None of the herbicides significantly affected in vitro PAL activity.

scholarly journals Effects of Water Particles in the Jinjiang River Estuary on the Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Microcystit Flos-Aquae

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiting Nan ◽  
Peiyong Guo ◽  
Hui Xing ◽  
Sijia Chen ◽  
Bo Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Suspended Particulate Matter ◽  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Suspended Particles ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Soluble Protein Content ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Suspended Particulate

Abstract The effects of different concentrations (100,150,200,250 mg/L) and different particle sizes (0–75µm, 75–120µm, 120–150µm, 150–500µm) on soluble protein content, SOD and CAT activity, MDA content, chlorophyll a content and photosynthetic parameters of Microcystis flos-aquae were studied, the mechanism of the effect of suspended particulate matter on the physiology and biochemistry of Microcystis flos-aquae was discussed. The results showed that the soluble protein content of Microcystis flos-aquae did not change obviously after being stressed by suspended particles of different concentration/diameter. The SOD activity of Microcystis flos-aquae increased at first and then decreased with the increase of the concentration of suspended particulate matter. The SOD activity of Microcystis flos-aquae reached 28.03 U/mL when the concentration of suspended particulate matter was 100 mg/L. The CAT activity of Microcystis flos-aquae increased with the increase of the concentration of suspended particles, and reached the maximum value of 12.45 U/mgprot in the concentration group of 250 mg/L, showing a certain dose-effect. The effect of small particle size on SOD, CAT and MDA of Microcystis flos-aquae was more significant than that of large particle size. The larger the concentration and the smaller the particle size, the stronger the attenuation of light and the lower the content of chlorophyll a. Both Fv/Fm and Fv/F0 of Microcystis flos-aquae increased at first and then decreased under different concentration/size of suspended particles. The relative electron transfer rate gradually returned to the normal level with the passage of time. There was no significant difference in α value between treatment group and control group, ETRmax and Ik decreased.

scholarly journals Integrated assessment of biomarker responses in algae Chlorella sorokiniana exposed to copper and cadmium

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Titi hayati Rahayu ◽  
ANDHIKA PUSPITO NUGROHO
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Integrated Assessment ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Chlorella Sorokiniana ◽  
Metal Exposure ◽  
Multiple Factor Analysis ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Integrated Biomarker Response ◽  
Biomarker Response ◽  
Stress States

Abstract. Rahayu TH, Nugroho AP. 2020. Integrated assessment of biomarker responses in algae Chlorella sorokiniana exposed to copper and cadmium. Biodiversitas 21: 3569-3575. Microalgae Chorella as a major producer in aquatic ecosystems has high probability ofth being exposed to metal pollutants. Metal exposure to algae can induce the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to oxidative stress states. ROS trigger the responses of biomarkers of antioxidative enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). This study aims to develop an integrated biomarker response index and star plot for interpretation of the antioxidative enzyme responses in Chlorella sorokiniana. The microalgae was exposed to three concentrations of copper (Cu) and cadmium (Cd) for 48 h, respectively. The results showed that exposure to Cu and Cd caused an increase of protein content and activities of SOD and APX. Analysis of integrated biomarker response (IBR) showed a decrease in the value of IBR along with an increase in cadmium concentration but no similar pattern found in copper. The multiple factor analysis (MFA) approach showed that exposure to Cu 0.3 μmol L-1 for 48 h had high score of protein content and SOD activity in the first dimension. For the second dimension, exposure to Cu 1.6 µmol L-1 for 6 h had high score of APX and SOD activity.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document