scholarly journals Effects of salt stress on growth, antioxidant enzyme and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activities in Jatropha curcas L. seedlings

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 374-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Gao ◽  
C. Ouyang ◽  
S. Wang ◽  
Y. Xu ◽  
L. Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase ◽  
Peak Activity ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Pal Activity ◽  
Organ Type ◽  
Nacl Concentration

The effects of increasing NaCl concentrations on biomass, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) in <I>Jatropha curcas</I> L. seedlings were investigated. The fresh weights of cotyledons and radicles with increasing NaCl concentrations decreased progressively, and the fresh weight of hypocotyls reached the lowest level at NaCl concentration of 150 mmol and then increased. SOD activity in the cotyledons, hypocotyls and radicles increased gradually up to NaCl concentrations of 150, 200 and 150 mmol, respectively. The highest POD activities in the cotyledons, hypocotyls and radicles were observed at NaCl concentrations of 150, 200 and 150 mmol, respectively. CAT activity in the cotyledons, hypocotyls and radicles enhanced gradually up to 100, 200 and 150 mmol NaCl concentrations, respectively. Increased PAL activity in the hypocotyls and radicles was linearly and positively correlated with increasing NaCl concentrations, but the peak activity in the cotyledons was observed at NaCl concentration of 150 mmol. Electrophoresis analysis suggested that different patterns in SOD and POD isoenzymes depend on NaCl concentrations and organ type, and the staining intensities of these isoforms are consistent with the changes of enzyme activity assayed in solutions.

scholarly journals Nickel toxicity induced antioxidant enzyme and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activities in Jatropha curcas L. cotyledons

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 294-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Yan ◽  
S. Gao ◽  
W. Yang ◽  
M. Cao ◽  
S. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Nickel Toxicity ◽  
Pal Activity ◽  
High Nickel ◽  
Isoenzyme Patterns ◽  
Negative Link

<I>Jatropha curcas</I> L. embryos were germinated and grown in vitro under nickel concentrations of 100, 200, 400 and 800 &mu;mol to observe the effects of high nickel concentrations on seedling growth. Observed biological makers included biomass, and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) in the cotyledons. The fresh weight of cotyledons in all the tested nickel concentrations was lower than that of the control, but dry weight of cotyledons increased with increasing nickel concentrations up to 200 &mu;mol. SOD activity increased significantly up to 400 &mu;mol and then decreased at 800 &mu;mol nickel. POD activities were induced remarkably at 100 and 200 &mu;mol, but the activity decreased with increasing nickel concentrations. Similarly, a negative link between CAT activity and nickel concentrations was observed in this experiment. PAL activity had a positive correlation to nickel concentrations, and the highest activity was found at 400 &mu;mol nickel. Electrophoresis analysis suggested that a significant correlation between nickel concentrations and isoenzyme patterns of SOD and POD was observed, and these results were consistent with the changes of the activity assayed in solutions.

scholarly journals Effects of copper on growth, antioxidant enzymes and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activities in Jatropha curcas L. seedling

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 117-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Gao ◽  
R. Yan ◽  
M. Cao ◽  
W. Yang ◽  
S. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase ◽  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Copper Stress ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Pal Activity ◽  
Seedling Biomass ◽  
Leaves And Roots

The effects of different concentrations of copper (0–800 &mu;mol) on growth, protein contents, peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) in <I>Jatropha curcas</I> L. seedlings were assessed by means of pot experiments. Results suggested that increased copper concentrations lead to decreased shoot elongation and seedling biomass. Protein content in the leaves and roots reached their highest levels at the copper concentrations of 400 &mu;mol, while the highest protein content in the stem was observed at 800 &mu;mol copper. POD activity in leaves and stems was unaffected at low copper concentrations, but showed a considerable variation at high copper concentrations. In roots, the highest POD activity was observed at 200 &mu;mol copper. Under copper stress, SOD activity in leaves increased concomitantly with increasing copper up to 400 &mu;mol, and SOD activity in stems and roots showed a slight increase. Catalase activity significantly elevated in leaves and roots but showed no significant changes in stems of the seedlings exposed to copper. A gradual increase of PAL activity in leaves and roots at the copper concentration of 400 and 200 &mu;mol was observed, while PAL activity remained unchanged in stems.

scholarly journals THE CORRELATION BETWEEN FAT INTAKE AND PLASMA SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE ACTIVITY WITH TELOMERE LENGTH OF MINANGKABAU ETHNICITY MEN, IN WEST SUMATERA, INDONESIA

2019 ◽  
pp. 305-309
Author(s):  
AFRIWARDI AFRIWARDI ◽  
DELMI SULASTRI ◽  
YUNIAR LESTARI ◽  
DESMAWATI DESMAWATI ◽  
PRIMA MINERVA
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Total Fat

Objective: The purpose of this research is to investigate the correlation between fat intake and plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity with telomere length of Minangkabau ethnic men in West Sumatera, Indonesia. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Padang City in 2016, using a sample of 107 Minangkabau ethnic men, aged between 40 and 50 years. The total fat, saturated fatty acids (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake were collected using a food frequency questionnaire, and blood sample analysis to measure telomere length and plasma SOD activity. Results: This research indicated that an average telomere length was 584.59±305.92 bp, fat intake consists of total fat was 27.01±6.68% calorie, SFA was 24,7510.07% calorie, MUFA was 10.24±5.41% calorie, and PUFA was 7.35±3.54% calorie. Average of plasma SOD activity was 5.85±3.41 u/mL. There were no correlations between fat intake (total fat, SFA, MUFA, and PUFA) with telomere length (p>0.05), but there was a significant positive correlation between plasma SOD enzyme activity with telomere length (r=−0.202, p=0.037). Conclusion: Fat intake within normal limits does not correlate with telomere length, and plasma SOD activity is a risk factor for telomere shortening in ethnic Minangkabau men.

Effects of PGPR (Pseudomonas sp.) and Ag-nanoparticles on Enzymatic Activity and Physiology of Cucumber

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sehrish Nawaz ◽  
Asghari Bano
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
Ag Nanoparticles ◽  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Pseudomonas Stutzeri ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Vegetative Phase ◽  
Pal Activity ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting

Background: The present investigation aimed to evaluate the role of Plant Growth- Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) and Ag-nanoparticles on two varieties (American variety, Poinsett 76 and Desi variety, Sialkot selection) of cucumber plants. Methods: Cucumber seeds prior to sowing, were inoculated with two strains of PGPR, Pseudomonas putida (KX574857) and Pseudomonas stutzeri (KX574858) at the rate of 106 cells/ml. Agnanoparticles (5ppm) were sprayed on the plant at early vegetative phase 27 d after sowing. Results: The proline, sugar, protein, phenolics, flavonoids, chlorophyll and carotenoids contents of leaves of plants and the activities of Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase (PAL), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Catalase (CAT) were determined from leaves of plants at early vegetative phase. After 3 months of seeds sowing, Ag-nanoparticles enhanced the length of root but decreased the length of shoot and fresh weight of root and shoot as compared to control whereas, the leaf protein, proline, phenolics, flavonoids, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, sugar and Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase (PAL) activity of plants were increased significantly over control. Ag-nanoparticles also suppressed the effect of PGPR for root, shoot length but augmented the protein and phenolics contents of leaves of both the varieties. Conclusion: The combined treatment of Ag-nanoparticles and PGPR enhanced flavonoids content of leaves and the activities of PAL, SOD and CAT in leaves of plants over control. Agnanoparticles effectively increased the Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase (PAL), Catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in leaves of both the varieties. Pseudomonas putida may be used either alone or in combination with Ag-nanoparticles to enhance the antioxidant and defense enzyme activities. Hence, the plant can tolerate the diseases and stresses in a much better way with higher protein and phenolics content.

scholarly journals Effects of cadmium on growth and antioxidant responses in Glycyrrhiza uralensis seedlings

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 508-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Zheng ◽  
H.P. Lv ◽  
S. Gao ◽  
S.R. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase ◽  
Cadmium Toxicity ◽  
Cadmium Acetate ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Glycyrrhiza Uralensis ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Responses ◽  
Pal Activity ◽  
Seedling Biomass ◽  
Different Tissues

In the present study, Glycyrrhiza uralensis (Leguminosae) seeds were germinated and grown with different concentrations (0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 mmol/l) of cadmium acetate, in order to investigate the effects of cadmium on the growth, uptake, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activities in Glycyrrhiza uralensis seedlings. Uptake of Cd in different tissues of seedlings increased with increasing Cd concentrations in the tested medium, with most accumulation in the radicles. Results suggested that increased cadmium concentrations lead to decreased shoot elongation and seedling biomass. SOD activity in the cotyledons, hypocotyls and radicles increased gradually up to 0.2, 0.1 and 0.4 mmol/l, respectively. POD activity in the cotyledons, hypocotyls and radicles concentrations increased continuously with rising cadmium concentrations up to 0.2, 0.1 and 0.1 mmol/l, respectively. CAT activity in the cotyledons, hypocotyls and radicles increased gradually with increasing cadmium concentrations up to 0.2, 0.2 and 0.1 mmol/l, respectively. PPO activity showed significant increases in the cotyledons, hypocotyls and radicles at 0.4, 0.1 and 0.2 mmol/l cadmium, respectively. A significant change of PAL activity in the cotyledons, hypocotyls and radicles was observed with increasing cadmium concentrations up to 0.2, 0.4 and 0.2 mmol/l, respectively. Results of POD isoenzymes suggested that the staining intensities of isoform patterns were consistent with the changes of the activities assayed in solutions. These results suggested that Glycyrrhiza uralensis seedlings may have a better protection against oxidative stress by increasing antioxidant enzymes and PAL activity exposed to cadmium toxicity.

Resistance to downy mildew in pearl millet is associated with increased phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 267 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. P. Geetha ◽  
K. N. Amruthesh ◽  
R. G. Sharathchandra ◽  
H. S. Shetty
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Enzyme Activation ◽  
Sclerospora Graminicola ◽  
Pathogen Infection ◽  
Pal Activity ◽  
Downy Mildew Disease

Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity was studied in pearl millet cultivars with different levels of resistance to the downy mildew disease caused by Sclerospora graminicola, an important oomycete pathogen. PAL activity was elevated in resistant host cultivar and decreased in susceptible cultivars following downy mildew pathogen infection. The enzyme activation varied between cultivars and was correlated with the degree of resistance to downy mildew disease. The induction of PAL as a response to pathogen inoculation was further corroborated by a time-course study in seedlings and cultured cells of pearl millet. The level of PAL activity was highest at 1.5 h in cultured cells and 4 h in seedlings of resistant host cultivar after inoculation with Sclerospora graminicola. Further studies on PAL activity in different tissues of seedlings showed highest enzyme activity in the young growing region of the root of the resistant host cultivars. The accumulation of wall-bound phenolics and lignin was higher in the resistant cultivar seedlings as evidenced by phloroglucinol–HCl staining and p-coumaric acid assay. The temporal changes in lignin concentration and the concentration of soluble phenolics were greater in root tissues of resistant cultivars than in those of susceptible cultivars. Treatment of resistant seedlings with a PAL inhibitor, α-aminooxy-β-phenylpropionic acid, resulted in the enhancement of the enzyme activity, whereas in the presence of 1 mm trans-cinnamic acid the pathogen-induced PAL was completely inhibited. Treatment of pearl millet seedlings with exogenously applied PAL inhibitors induced downy mildew disease susceptibility in the resistant pearl millet cultivar, consistent with direct involvement of PAL in downy mildew resistance. Results are discussed with respect to the presumed importance of host phenolic compounds and lignin accumulation and its relation to PAL activation as a response to the pathogen infection.

Changes of Antioxidant Enzyme and Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase Activities during Chimonanthus praecox Seed Maturation

2008 ◽  
Vol 63 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 569-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojia He ◽  
Shun Gao
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Seed Maturation ◽  
Pal Activity ◽  
Chimonanthus Praecox

Changes in peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activities were studied during Chimonanthus praecox seed maturation. According to our findings the protein content increased steadily from 8 to 12 weeks after flowering, and thereafter decreased significantly. Similarly, SOD and POD activities increased gradually up to 12 weeks after flowering and then declined. PAL activity declined gradually during seed maturation. CAT activity, however, showed no changes during seed maturation. By means of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), SOD and POD isoenzymes were observed during seed maturation. The staining intensities of SOD and POD isoenzymes correlated well with SOD and POD activities as obtained by an assay in solution. These findings suggest that POD, SOD and PAL may be involved in the growth and development during Chimonanthus praecox seed maturation.

Effects of Nonylphenol on the Enzyme Activity of SOD in Shrimp (Neocaridina heteropoda)

2014 ◽  
Vol 1073-1076 ◽  
pp. 256-258
Author(s):  
Hong Wei Wang ◽  
Qing Chao Xing ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Rui Yin ◽  
Duan Bo Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Physiological Indicators ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The effects of different concentrations of nonylphenol on Neocaridina heteropoda were studied through testing the Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) activity in the muscle of N. heteropoda under the nonylphenol stress, then explored the relationship of the time that was N. heteropoda exposed nonylphenol and the in vivo physiological indicators. Results showed the following conclusion: in a certain range, higher concentrations of nonylphenol had heavier influence on SOD activity of shrimps; shrimps were infected significantly when they were exposed to the same concentration of nonylphenol in 2 days; the influence was reduced to the shrimp with the prolonging of time.

scholarly journals Role of Polyphenol Oxidase, Peroxidase, Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase, Chlorogenic Acid, and Total Soluble Phenols in Resistance of Potatoes to Soft Rot

Plant Disease ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Ngadze ◽  
David Icishahayo ◽  
Teresa A. Coutinho ◽  
Jacquie E. van der Waals
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Polyphenol Oxidase ◽  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Bacterial Invasion ◽  
Pal Activity ◽  
Soluble Phenols

Pectobacterium atrosepticum, P. carotovorum subsp. brasiliensis, and Dickeya spp. cause soft rot of potato (Solanum tuberosum) worldwide. Plants respond to bacterial invasion by activating defense responses associated with accumulation of several enzymes and inhibitors, which prevent pathogen infection. This study focused on the role of polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD), phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), chlorogenic acid, and total soluble phenols in imparting resistance to soft rot pathogens. Seven and 11 varieties grown by farmers in South Africa and Zimbabwe, respectively, were used in the study. The results showed significantly higher (P < 0.001) enzyme activity of PPO and PAL as well as higher concentrations of chlorogenic acid and total soluble phenols in Vanderplank, Pentland Dell, M69/11, Romano, M59/20, and MondialZw. PAL activity increased significantly with time in all varieties, and the highest activity was recorded 8 h after cutting. The resistance of the varieties was correlated with high PPO and PAL enzyme activity as well as increased concentrations of chlorogenic acid and total soluble phenols. PPO, POD, and PAL activities increased significantly in wounded and inoculated tubers. These findings show that PAL, PPO, POD, chlorogenic acid, and total soluble phenols play a role in imparting resistance to potato soft rot infection.

scholarly journals   Antioxidative mechanisms on selenium accumulation in Pteris vittata L., a potential selenium phytoremediation plant

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 105-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.W. Feng ◽  
C.Y. Wei
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Pteris Vittata ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Responses ◽  
Industrial Activities ◽  
Chinese Brake Fern ◽  
Selenium Accumulation ◽  
Pteris Vittata L

Selenium (Se) contamination due to industrial activities has received increasing concerns. Phytoremediation has been suggested to be an efficient and feasible way to remove Se from Se-contaminated environment. Recently, an arsenic (As) hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata L. (Chinese Brake fern) was found to be a Se accumulator. This study was carried out to investigate Se accumulation mechanisms concentrating on antioxidant responses of this plant to six levels of selenite (0, 1, 2, 5, 10, and 20 mg/L). The results showed that Chinese Brake fern can accumulate a large amount of Se without any visible toxic symptoms and significant decreases in its biomass. However, the root took up more Se than the fronds. The highest concentration of Se in the roots and fronds was 1.536 mg/kg and 242 mg/kg, respectively, demonstrating a typical accumulation character to Se. Addition of 2 mg/L Se decreased, but &ge; 5&nbsp;mg/L Se enhanced the production of malondialdehyde (MDA), suggesting an antioxidant role of low dosages of Se. The enzymes of catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and peroxidase (POD) contributed their anti-oxidative functions only under low dosages of Se, as shown by their increased activities at Se levels &le; 5 mg/L and lowered activities at Se levels &gt; 5 mg/L. The concentration of glutathione (GSH) and enzyme activity of glutathione reductase (GR) were stimulated by &ge; 5 mg/L Se. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was also enhanced by 20 mg/L Se. Our results suggest that SOD, GSH and GR were likely responsible for, but enzymes of POD, APX, and CAT have limited roles in Se accumulation in Chinese Brake fern. &nbsp;

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