scholarly journals Effects of Polysaccharide Elicitors on Secondary Metabolite Production and Antioxidant Response inHypericum perforatumL. Shoot Cultures

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonja Gadzovska Simic ◽  
Oliver Tusevski ◽  
Stéphane Maury ◽  
Alain Delaunay ◽  
Claude Joseph ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase ◽  
Hypericum Perforatum ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Redox System ◽  
Antioxidant Response ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Shoot Cultures ◽  
Significant Suppression ◽  
Pal Activity

The effects of polysaccharide elicitors such as chitin, pectin, and dextran on the production of phenylpropanoids (phenolics and flavonoids) and naphtodianthrones (hypericin and pseudohypericin) inHypericum perforatumshoot cultures were studied. Nonenzymatic antioxidant properties (NEAOP) and peroxidase (POD) activity were also observed in shoot extracts. The activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and chalcone-flavanone isomerase (CHFI) were monitored to estimate channeling in phenylpropanoid/flavonoid pathways of elicited shoot cultures. A significant suppression of the production of total phenolics and flavonoids was observed in elicited shoots from day 14 to day 21 of postelicitation. This inhibition of phenylpropanoid production was probably due to the decrease in CHFI activity in elicited shoots. Pectin and dextran promoted accumulation of naphtodianthrones, particularly pseudohypericin, within 21 days of postelicitation. The enhanced accumulation of naphtodianthrones was positively correlated with an increase of PAL activity in elicited shoots. All tested elicitors induced NEAOP at day 7, while chitin and pectin showed increase in POD activity within the entire period of postelicitation. The POD activity was in significantly positive correlation with flavonoid and hypericin contents, suggesting a strong perturbation of the cell redox system and activation of defense responses in polysaccharide-elicitedH. perforatumshoot cultures.

scholarly journals Role of Polyphenol Oxidase, Peroxidase, Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase, Chlorogenic Acid, and Total Soluble Phenols in Resistance of Potatoes to Soft Rot

Plant Disease ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Ngadze ◽  
David Icishahayo ◽  
Teresa A. Coutinho ◽  
Jacquie E. van der Waals
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Polyphenol Oxidase ◽  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Bacterial Invasion ◽  
Pal Activity ◽  
Soluble Phenols

Pectobacterium atrosepticum, P. carotovorum subsp. brasiliensis, and Dickeya spp. cause soft rot of potato (Solanum tuberosum) worldwide. Plants respond to bacterial invasion by activating defense responses associated with accumulation of several enzymes and inhibitors, which prevent pathogen infection. This study focused on the role of polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD), phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), chlorogenic acid, and total soluble phenols in imparting resistance to soft rot pathogens. Seven and 11 varieties grown by farmers in South Africa and Zimbabwe, respectively, were used in the study. The results showed significantly higher (P < 0.001) enzyme activity of PPO and PAL as well as higher concentrations of chlorogenic acid and total soluble phenols in Vanderplank, Pentland Dell, M69/11, Romano, M59/20, and MondialZw. PAL activity increased significantly with time in all varieties, and the highest activity was recorded 8 h after cutting. The resistance of the varieties was correlated with high PPO and PAL enzyme activity as well as increased concentrations of chlorogenic acid and total soluble phenols. PPO, POD, and PAL activities increased significantly in wounded and inoculated tubers. These findings show that PAL, PPO, POD, chlorogenic acid, and total soluble phenols play a role in imparting resistance to potato soft rot infection.

scholarly journals Induction of Chitinase, β-1,3-Glucanase, and Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase in Peach Fruit by UV-C Treatment

2003 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed El Ghaouth ◽  
Charles L. Wilson ◽  
Ann M. Callahan
Keyword(s):  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Peach Fruit ◽  
Rapid Induction ◽  
Pal Activity ◽  
Induction Kinetic ◽  
Elicitor Treatment ◽  
Kinetic Pattern ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Uv C

Treatment of peach fruit with UV-C light caused a rapid induction of chitinase, β-1,3-glucanase, and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activities starting 6 h after treatment and reaching maximum levels at 96 h after treatment. By 96 h after UV-C treatment, chitinase, β-1,3-glucanase, and PAL activities in UV-C-treated fruit were over twofold above the levels observed for the control. In nontreated control fruit, no apparent increase in chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase activities was detected but a minor increase in PAL activity was seen. The transient increase in chitinase, β-1,3-glucanase, and PAL activities in UV-C-treated fruit was preceded by a gradual activation of the corresponding genes. UV-C-treated fruit showed an increase in accumulation of β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase mRNAs at 3 h after treatment, which peaked approximately 96 h posttreatment. A similar induction kinetic pattern was observed for PAL mRNA in response to UV-C treatment, except the induction started 6 h after UV-C treatment. These results show that the response of peach fruit to elicitor treatment is similar to that seen in other plant-elicitors interactions and suggests the involvement of peach biochemical defense responses in UV-C-mediated disease resistance.

Differential Responses of Potato Cell Suspensions to a Culture Filtrate of Phytophthora infestans

1997 ◽  
Vol 52 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 333-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. M. Awan ◽  
U. Maciejewska ◽  
K. Kleczkowski ◽  
B. Wielgat
Keyword(s):  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Cell Suspensions ◽  
Plant Defense Responses ◽  
Polygenic Resistance ◽  
Pal Activity ◽  
Potato Cell

Abstract General (polygenic) resistance of plant hosts to an attack by a range of pathogens is an important feature of plant defense responses against the infection. In search of biochemical markers defining this resistance, cell suspensions derived from leaves of potato (Solanum tuberosum L .) cvs. Tarpan and Bzura that are polygenically susceptible and resistant to Phytophthora infestans, respectively, were inoculated with culture filtrate (CF) of the fungus. Cell suspension of Tarpan responded to CF treatment by a higher extracellular alkalinization and more significant reduction in their viability and growth than those of the Bzura cultivar. The stimulation of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL ) activity but not of β-1,3-glucanase, was significantly higher in CF treated Bzura cells than in Tarpan ones. The obtained results suggest that sensitivity to the fungal toxins and variation of PAL activity may represent useful markers for the evaluation of polygenic resistance in potato.

Total phenolics, carotenoids and antioxidant properties of Tommy Atkin mango cubes as affected by drying techniques

LWT ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 564-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalbir Singh Sogi ◽  
Muhammad Siddiq ◽  
Kirk D. Dolan
Keyword(s):  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Drying Techniques

Perception and first defense responses against Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola in Phaseolus vulgaris L.: identification of Wall-Associated Kinase receptors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonso Gonzalo De la Rubia ◽  
María Luz Centeno ◽  
Victor Moreno-González ◽  
María De Castro ◽  
Penélope García-Angulo
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Early Time ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Antioxidant Response ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Initial Increase ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is attacked by several pathogens such as the biotrophic gamma-proteobacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola (Pph). In order to study the Pph-bean interaction during the first stages of infection, leaf disks of a susceptible bean variety named Riñón were infected with a pathogenic Pph. Using this experimental system, six new putative Wall-Associated Kinase (WAKs) receptors, previously identified in silico, were tested. These six bean WAKs (PvWAKs) showed high protein sequence homology to the well-described Arabidopsis WAK1 (AtWAK1) receptor and, by phylogenetic analysis, clustered together with AtWAKs. The expression of PvWAK1 increased at very early stages after the Pph infection. Time course experiments were performed to evaluate the accumulation of apoplastic H2O2, Ca2+ influx, total H2O2, antioxidant enzymatic activities, lipid peroxidation, and the concentrations of abscisic acid (ABA) and salicylic acid (SA), as well as the expression of six defense-related genes – MEKK-1, MAPKK, WRKY33, RIN4, PR1 and NPR1. The results showed that overexpression of PR1 occurred 2 h after Pph infection without a concomitant increase in SA levels. Although apoplastic H2O2 increased after infection, the oxidative burst was neither intense nor rapid and an efficient antioxidant response did not occur, suggesting that the observed cellular damage was due to the initial increase in total H2O2 at early time points after infection. In conclusion, the Riñón variety can perceive the presence of Pph, but this recognition only results in a modest and slow activation of host defenses, leading to high susceptibility to Pph.

scholarly journals IN VITRO TOTAL PHENOLICS, FLAVONOIDS CONTENTS, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITES OF VARIOUS SOLVENT EXTRACTS FROM THE MEDICINAL PLANT PHYSALIS MINIMA LINN

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venkanna Banothu ◽  
Uma Adepally ◽  
Jayalakshmi Lingam
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Aluminium Chloride ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Antioxidant Power

Objective: To estimate the in vitro total phenolics, flavonoids contents, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of various solvent extracts from the medicinal plant Physalis minima Linn.Methods: The crude bioactive were extracted from the dried powder of Physalis minima using methanol, ethyl acetate, chloroform and hexane solvents. Total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were estimated using Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminium chloride colorimetric methods respectively. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2’-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays were used to determine the in vitro antioxidant capacity. The antimicrobial assay was done through agar well diffusion; minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined using broth microdilution methods against the Gram-negative bacteria (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris) and Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus).Results: TPC expressed as gallic acid equivalents (GAE) ranged from 60.27±1.73-151.25±2.50 mg GAE/g dry weight, and TFC expressed as quercetin equivalents (QE) ranged from 56.66±0.80-158.84±2.30 mg QE/g dry weight. Methanol extract showed the highest antioxidant activity followed by ethyl acetate, chloroform, hexane extract and the IC50 values of methanol extract for scavenging DPPH and ABTS free radicals were 280.23±5.75-173.40±0.38µg/ml, respectively. All the extracts have shown potent antimicrobial activity for the zone of inhibition ranged from 9-35 mm; MICs and MBCs values ranged from 0.125-4.0 and 0.25-8.0 mg/ml, respectively towards tested pathogenic species.Conclusion: The comprehensive analysis of the present results demonstrated that Physalis minima possess high potential antioxidant properties which could be used as a viable source of natural antioxidants in treating infections caused by above-mentioned pathogens.

scholarly journals Influence of the Addition of Selected Spices on Sensory Quality and Biological Activity of Honey

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Wilczyńska ◽  
Joanna Newerli-Guz ◽  
Piotr Szweda
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Sensory Quality ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Functional Product ◽  
Phenolics Content ◽  
Growth Of Bacteria

Bee honey is nutritious and has numerous health benefits, but its taste is for many people too bland. Honey with addition of spices could be important to the food industry as a functional product with positive health image and interesting taste. Such product would definitely meet health-driven consumers’ expectations. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of addition of selected spices on sensory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties of honey. Results showed that the addition of spices significantly affected the taste and the smell of honey (p<0,05) and that honey with the cinnamon was the most desired and easily accepted product by the consumers. The addition of spices had no significant effect on texture and appearance. All tested samples showed the ability to inhibit the growth of bacteria and, contrary to the assumptions, the addition of spices did not cause an increase of antimicrobial activity. The results also showed that the kind and amount of added spice significantly affected the antioxidant activity: ability to scavenge free radicals and total phenolics content. The highest antioxidant activity revealed the honey with cinnamon and the lowest revealed the honey with cardamom addition.

Effects of Herbicides on Growth and Extractable Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase Activity in Light- and Dark-Grown Soybean (Glycine max) Seedlings

Weed Science ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Hoagland ◽  
Stephen O. Duke
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Continuous Darkness ◽  
Soybean Seedlings ◽  
Pal Activity ◽  
Lyase Activity ◽  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase Activity

Effects of 16 herbicides representing 14 herbicide classes on growth and extractable phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL, EC 4.3.1.5) were examined in light- and dark-grown soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Hill’] seedlings. High purity (96 to 100%) herbicides were supplied via aqueous culture at various concentrations: 0.5 mM amitrole (3-amino-s-triazole), 0.1 mM atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine], 0.07 mM diclofop-methyl {methyl ester of 2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy] propanoicacid}, 0.5 mM DSMA (disodium methanearsonate), 0.2 mM fenuron (1,1-dimethyl-3-phenylurea), 0.05 mM fluridone {1-methyl-3-phenyl-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4(1H)-pyridinone}, 0.5 mM MH (1,2-dihydro-3,6-pyridazinedione), 0.5 mM metribuzin [4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylthio)-as-triazin-5(4H)-one], 1.8 μM nitralin [4-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropylaniline], 0.5 mM norflurazon [4-chloro-5-(methylamino)-2-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)-3(2H)-pyridazinone], 0.05 mM paraquat (1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ion), 0.15 mM perfluidone {1,1,1-trifluoro-N-[2-methyl-4-(phenylsulfonyl)phenyl] methanesulfonamide}, 0.2 mM propanil (3′,4′-dichloropropionanilide), 0.1 mM propham (isopropyl carbanilate), 0.5 mM TCA (trichloroacetic acid), and 0.05 mM 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid]. Dark-grown soybean seedlings (3-day-old) were transferred to control solutions (2 mM CaSO4) or to herbicide solutions (in 2 mM CaSO4) and grown at 25 C in continuous white light (200 μE•m-2•s-1) or continuous darkness until harvested 24 or 48 h after transfer. After 48 h, growth (fresh weight, dry weight, elongation) was inhibited by most of the chemicals. Other signs of toxicity (necrosis, secondary root stunting, and root tip swelling) were noted for some treatments. Roots were most affected, although hypocotyls were generally not changed. Hypocotyl elongation was stimulated by atrazine, fluridone, and norflurazon after 48 h light. Extractable PAL activity from soybean axes was decreased by atrazine, fenuron, metribuzin, norflurazon, propanil, propham, and 2,4-D. Amitrole and paraquat were the only herbicides that increased extractable PAL activity. Other compounds tested had no effect on the enzyme. None of the herbicides significantly affected in vitro PAL activity.

scholarly journals RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES AND NUTRITIONAL COMPOSITION OF SOME GALACTOPOIETICS HERBS USED IN INDONESIA: A COMPARATIVE STUDY

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ade Chandra Iwansyah ◽  
Rizal M. Damanik ◽  
Lilik Kustiyah ◽  
Muhammad Hanafi
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Total Flavonoids ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Phenolics Content

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objectives of this research were to evaluate and compare the antioxidant activity; phenolics and flavonoids contents; and chemical composition of some galactopoietic herbs used in Indonesia and to find a possible relationship between antioxidant activity; phenolics, flavonoids and chemical composition of these plants.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A wide range of analytical parameters was studied, including yield; pH; water activity (a<sub>w</sub>); total color difference; phenolics and flavonoids content; moisture; ash; protein; fat; carbohydrate; fiber; calcium; zinc; magnesium; potassium; iron content; and the data were analyzed by partial least squares (PLS) regression analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) to evaluate the correlation between the parameters and classification of the plants. Folin–cioceltaeu assay, aluminum chloride assay and DPPH scavenging assay were used to evaluate of total phenolics content and free radical scavenging activity of the ethanolic extract of galactopoietic herbs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All of the galactagogue herbs, <em>viz</em>. <em>Plectranthus amboinicus </em>(Lour.) (PA), <em>Sauropus androgynus</em> (SA), <em>Moringa oleifera</em> (MO), and <em>Carica papaya</em> leaves (CP) exhibited good results of TPC, TFC and antioxidant activity. MO contained the highest average of total phenolics content (53.89 mg GAE/g). SA with a ratio of total flavonoids to total phenolics (TF/TP) which is 1.59 contained the highest average of total flavonoids and antioxidant activity (IC<sub>50</sub>), 43.63 mg QE/g and 126.13 μg/ml, respectively, followed by MO&gt;CA&gt;PA. Based on PLS and PCA analysis, antioxidant activity correlated with fat, protein, phenolics content, flavonoids content and pH, but only the total flavonoids content correlated strongly with antioxidant activity.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This provides useful data about the studied relationships and chemical patterns in some galactopoietic herbs used and provides a helpful tool for understanding much more about the interpretation of results from the experiments and the mechanism of biosynthesis in plants.</p>

scholarly journals Application of Ultrasonic or Microwave Radiation to Delay Crystallization and Liquefy Solid Honey

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-253
Author(s):  
Ewelina Sidor ◽  
Monika Tomczyk ◽  
Małgorzata Dżugan
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Radiation ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Crystallization Process ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Natural Process ◽  
Dpph Method ◽  
Phenolics Content ◽  
And Control

Abstract Crystallization of honey is a natural process occurring during honey storage and forces beekeepers to practice the decrystallization process, which mainly concerns honey heating. The aim of this study was to examine the possible use of ultrasounds or microwave radiation to delay the crystallization of honey and to liquefy crystallized honeys while maintaining their biological activity. Lime, acacia and multifloral honeys obtained from a local apiary were used. Fresh honeys were pretreated through ultrasounds (40 kHz, for 5 and 20 min) or microwaves (800 W, 4 x 30s) in order to obtain samples U5, U20 and M, respectively. Experimental and control samples were stored for twelve months at room temperature (20±2°C) without light. Crystallized honey was liquefied through the same methods of ultrasounds (sample U5* and U20*) and microwaves (sample M*). Naturally crystallized honeys were used as the controls. For fixed (U5, U20 and M) and decrystallized (U5*, U20*, M*) honeys, the water content (refractometrically), antioxidant properties (DPPH method), total phenolics content (Folin-Ciocalteu method) and enzymatic activity (diastase, α-glucosidase, β-galactosidase and α-mannosidase) were determined. The analyzed physicochemical parameters for both fixed and liquefied honeys did not differ significantly (P>0.05) in comparison to the control honey. Moreover, the decrystallization process increased the antioxidant activity of all tested honeys. The smallest changes in honey properties to ultrasonic treatments were observed, and this method was recommended to delay the crystallization process and significantly accelerate the liquefaction time of solid honeys without compromising its quality.

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