scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF AGRONOMIC AND CLIMATIC FACTORS ON WINTER OILSEED RAPE (BRASSICA NAPUS L.) ROOT NECK GROWTH IN AUTUMN

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gvidas ŠIDLAUSKAS ◽  
Irena PRANCKIETIENĖ ◽  
Rūta DROMANTIENĖ ◽  
Viktoras PRANCKIETIS
Keyword(s):  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Growing Degree Days ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Winter Oilseed Rape ◽  
Vegetative Period ◽  
Neck Growth

The aim of this study was to investigate the growth habit of winter oilseed rape root neck during the vegetative period in autumn. Such information is important for better understanding of winter oilseed rape growth pattern at early stages of development with the purpose to improve over winter survival. Field trials were conducted on Endocalcari – Epihypogleyic Cambisols. For the determination of changes of winter oilseed rape root neck thickness during autumnal development the effect of planting date, seedbed nitrogen application, stand population density, number of calendar days after emergence, accumulated by plants growing degree days and interaction among these factors was tested. For the description of the root neck growth pattern Boltzmann’s growth function performing a nonlinear fitting of estimating parameters was used. Results collected in the experiments indicate that the effect of sowing date including accumulated by plants growing degree days and the number of calendar days after emergence showed much greater effect on winter oilseed rape root diameter than seeding rate or pre-plant nitrogen application. On the basis of collected data winter oilseed rape root neck growth model was developed. These studies that relate mentioned factors to fall growth of winter oilseed rape root neck are presented in the paper.

scholarly journals Response of winter rape (Brassica napus L. ssp. oleifera Metzg., Sinsk) to foliar fertilization and different seeding rates

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cezary A. Kwiatkowski
Keyword(s):  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Glucosinolate Content ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Winter Oilseed Rape ◽  
Winter Rape ◽  
Npk Fertilizers ◽  
Foliar Fertilization

A field experiment in growing winter rape was carried out during the period 2009-2011 in a family farm (owned by Mr. M. Bednarczyk) located in Jaroszewice (Lublin region), on podzolic soil. Plant biometric features as well as yield and seed qualitative parameters (oil, protein and glucosinolate content) were evaluated depending on the following rates of soil NPK fertilizers and on foliar fertilization (autumn spraying with the fertilizer solution): 100% and 75% of NPK as well as urea + nickel chelate + MgSO4H2O; 100% and 75% of NPK as well as urea + Plonvit R + MgSO<sub>4</sub>H<sub>2</sub>O). Plots without foliar fertilization (only 100% of NPK) were the control treatment. The other experimental factor was the seeding rate (2.5 kg×ha<sup>-1</sup> – 30 cm row spacing; 4 kg×ha<sup>-1</sup> – 18 cm row spacing). Foliar spraying was done once in the autumn in the second decade of October. Tillage as well as mechanical and chemical control of agricultural pests in the plantation were typical for this plant species and consistent with the recommendations for winter rape protection. A hypothesis was made that the application of foliar fertilizers would have a beneficial effect on winter rape productivity, at the same time maintaining the high quality of raw material. It was also assumed that a reduction in the seeding rate of winter oilseed rape would result in reduced plant lodging and an increased number of siliques per plant; as a consequence, seed and oil productivity would be at a level not lower than that obtained at the higher seeding rate. The present study has proved that foliar fertilization of winter oilseed rape in the autumn period contributes to improved plant winter hardiness and increased productivity. The application of foliar fertilizers also enables the rates of basic mineral NPK fertilizers to be reduced by 25% without detriment to seed yield. Foliar fertilizers have been found to have a weaker effect on changing the chemical composition of rapeseed. The study has shown that, from the productive point of view, it is justified to use the lower seeding rate (2.5 kg×ha<sup>-1</sup>), since winter rape yield (seed and oil yield) did not significantly differ from that found in the case of the higher seeding rate (4.0 kg×ha<sup>-1</sup>).

scholarly journals Productivity, Energy and Economic Balance in the Production of Different Cultivars of Winter Oilseed Rape. A Case Study in North-Eastern Poland

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateusz Sokólski ◽  
Krzysztof Józef Jankowski ◽  
Dariusz Załuski ◽  
Artur Szatkowski
Keyword(s):  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Input ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Winter Oilseed Rape ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
Long Stem

In this study, the agricultural inputs, energy requirements and costs associated with the production of semi-dwarf (PR45 D03 and Avenir) and long-stem (Visby) cultivars of winter oilseed rape were optimized in an experiment with 35-1 fractional factorial design. A field experiment was carried out in the Agricultural Experiment Station in Bałcyny (north-eastern Poland) in 2008–2011. The study investigated the responses of two morphotypes of hybrid cultivars of winter oilseed rape to key yield-forming factors (seeding date, seeding rate, nitrogen fertilization) and yield protection factors (fungal disease control). Agronomic inputs were tested at three levels. Our findings indicate that production technologies (characterized by a different intensity of agricultural inputs) should target the specific requirements of winter oilseed rape cultivars. Semi-dwarf cultivars of winter oilseed rape (PR45 D03 and Avenir) were characterized by higher yield potential at different input levels than the long-stem cultivar (Visby). Semi-dwarf cultivars required higher levels of agricultural inputs than the long-stem cultivar. Semi-dwarf cultivars grown in high-input technologies were characterized by the highest energy efficiency ratio. In contrast, the long-stem cultivar was characterized by the optimal energy input-energy output ratio in the low-input technology. Regardless of cultivar, high-input production technologies were more profitable because the resulting increase in seed yield significantly outweighed the rise in production costs.

scholarly journals Impact of winter oilseed rape nutritional status during vegetative growth on yield

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 490-496
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Przygocka-Cyna ◽  
Witold Grzebisz ◽  
Witold Szczepaniak ◽  
Agnieszka Zawieja
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Late Stage ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Fertility Level ◽  
Winter Oilseed Rape ◽  
Inflorescence Development ◽  
Vegetative Period ◽  
Limiting Nutrient

The nutritional status of winter oilseed rape (WOSR) during its vegetative period is crucial for plant growth and can be used for the seed yield prediction. This hypothesis was verified based on the data from long-term field experiments. The experiment consisted of four potassium (K) treatments based on the progressive K supply potential to plants from soil and fertilizer and two magnesium treatments (–Mg, +Mg) conducted in 2013–2015. The content of nutrients (N<sub>tot</sub>, P, K, Mg, Ca, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu) was determined at the rosette stage (BBCH 30) for leaves and separately for leaves and stems in the late stage of inflorescence growth (BBCH 57–59). The low K content appeared as the key limiting nutrient in WOSR plants in the rosette stage due to the insufficient soil fertility level, depended even more on weather conditions. This negative K nutritional trait persisted through the whole vegetative WOSR growth. Its detection was possible, because stems were included in the diagnostic procedure. The most reliable prognosis of WOSR yield was conducted based on the nutritional status of stems in the late stage of the inflorescence development.  

scholarly journals Ecological and biological conformity of conditions of the brewing barley cultivation zone

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 246-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Gorash ◽  
R. Klymyshena ◽  
V. Khomina ◽  
L. Vilchynska
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Energy Conditions ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Vegetative Period

The correspondence of agro-ecological and climatic factors of the external environment of the industrial zone of brewing barley to the biological requirements of barley culture has been analyzed. The peculiarity of brewing barley in the formation of the crop and its quality is characterized by the necessity of directing, in the process of photosynthesis, the accumulation of the carbohydrate component of the grain more than in the protein content. The important role of ensuring these requirements depends mainly on the PAR of the long-wavelength range, especially during the second half of the growing season, during the growth and development of the grain. At this time, an important factor in ensuring the brewing quality of barley is the moisture supply of soil moisture, as it depends on the growth process of the grain. The barley culture belongs to the early spring cereals. Due to the changes in climatic conditions, which is directly related to the zone of industrial brewing of barley by analysis of ten-year temperature data, the favorable conditions for the growth and development of barley, the conditions of sowing in early spring have been found. In particular, sowing time is actually possible 20-25 days earlier than traditional, this is the first and second ten days of March. Conducted trial reconnaissance crops in the first decade of March ensured the effective development of plants and the formation of crops favorable to meet the quality requirements for the cultivation of products for the production of malt. The vegetative period of development before the onset of the generative has increased in plants up to 45 days, which by itself is a rather positive component of the efficiency of cultivation technology according to the results of the analysis of climatic factors of the zone of industrial production of brewing barley. As a result of analytical studies the improvement of ecological and biological compliance of spring barley development for the period 2010-2019 has been revealed. Due to the early onset of heat in March, there was a need to make adjustments to certain elements of technology based on appropriate research to ensure effective implementation of the agro-ecological resource of the area. The urgent tasks, with the aim of balanced processes of spring barley development to energy conditions of the environment, are research with seeding rate, row spacing, depth of seeds wrapping, application of mineral fertilizers.

Agronomic studies on pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.). I. Field responses to sowing time

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
JO Akinola ◽  
PC Whiteman
Keyword(s):  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Growing Degree Days ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Photoperiodic Responses ◽  
Plot Design

A split-plot design was used to investigate the vegetative and reproductive responses of two earlymaturing and two late-maturing Cajanus cajan accessions to eight sowing dates. Pre-flowering to pod-ripening durations varied, depending upon interactions between climatic factors and the photoperiodic responses of the accessions. Quantitative short-day, day-neutral or nearly day-neutral, and intermediate photoperiodic forms were identified. Relationships between day length, radiation, growing degree-days, and seed yield per hectare based on individual monthly harvests and harvest index were established for a sowing density of 2990 plants ha-1. Optimum sowing times were identified as late November-mid January for dry seed production in the latematuring accessions, and not later than December for periodic green pod picking in the earlymaturing accessions.

scholarly journals Reproductive Biology of Olive Trees (Arbequina cultivar) at the Northern Limit of Their Distribution Areas

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 204
Author(s):  
Alejandro Garrido ◽  
María Fernández-González ◽  
Rosa A. Vázquez-Ruiz ◽  
F. Javier Rodríguez-Rajo ◽  
María J. Aira
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Olive Tree ◽  
Growing Degree Days ◽  
Olive Grove ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Vegetative Period ◽  
Main Pollen Season ◽  
Pollen Concentrations ◽  
Olive Trees

In recent years, North-western Spain has experienced an increase in the cultivated area of olive trees. The main propitious areas for olive groves are the Miño and Sil basins, as a consequence of their Oceanic climate with Mediterranean influence. The objective of this study is to determine the characteristics of reproductive biology, phenological and aerobiological behaviour of olive trees in the most northerly new plantation areas of the Iberian Peninsula. The study was carried out in an olive grove growing Olea europaea L. cv. ‘Arbequina’ located in Quiroga (Lugo) from 2016 to 2018. The phenological observations were based upon the main growth stages following the Biologische Bundesanstalt Bundessortenamt and Chemical industry (BBCH) scale. To predict the onset of flowering, a thermal time model was used in order to quantify the chill requirements, and growing degree-days were applied to determine the heat requirement. The production, viability and germination rates of Olea pollen were evaluated from samples selected in nine individual trees for the phenological survey. The aerobiological study was conducted by means of a Hirst-type pollen trap located in the centre of the olive grove. The vegetative period of the olive tree in the study area lasted an average of 259 days. The important phenological stage 6 (flowering) was the shortest stage. An average of 704 Chilling Hours (CH) with a threshold of 2.5 °C was required to overcome the chilling period, 1139 Growing Degree Days (GDD) for the beginning of flowering, and 4463 GDD for harvest. The pollen production per anther was 82589 grains (± 14084 pollen grains), with a rate of 81% viability and 12% pollen tube germination. The main pollen season started on average on May 20th and ended on June 16th with an average duration of 27 days and an annual pollen integral of 833 pollen grains. The low pollen concentrations could be a consequence of the Northern location of the forest, in a bioclimatic transition zone between the Eurosiberian and the Mediterranean areas, at the limit of olive tree distribution.

Evaluation of Finger Millet Varieties under Rainfed Condition of Eastern India

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Singh ◽  
VINOD KUMAR ◽  
SHAMBHU PRASAD
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Finger Millet ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Growing Degree Days ◽  
Eastern India ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Rainfed Condition ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Humid Environment ◽  
Use Efficiency

A field experiment was carried out during the kharif of 2014 and 2015 to evaluate the yield potential, economics and thermal utilization in eleven finger millet varieties under the rainfed condition of the sub-humid environment of South Bihar of Eastern India. Results revealed that the significantly higher grain yield (20.41 q ha-1), net returns (Rs 25301) and B: C ratio (1.51) was with the finger millet variety ‘GPU 67’ but was being at par to ‘GPU28’and ‘RAU-8’, and significantly superior over remaining varieties. The highest heat units (1535.1oC day), helio-thermal units (7519.7oC day hours), phenothermal index (19.4 oC days day-1) were recorded with variety ‘GPU 67’ followed by ‘RAU 8’ and ‘GPU 28’ and lowest in ‘VL 149’ at 50 % anthesis stage. Similarly, the highest growing degree days (2100 oC day), helio-thermal units (11035.8 oC day hours) were noted with ‘GPU 67’ followed by ‘RAU 8’ and ‘GPU 28’ at maturity. The highest heat use efficiency (0.97 kg ha-1 oC day) and helio-thermal use efficiency (0.19 kg ha-1 oC day hour) were in ‘GPU 67’ followed by ‘VL 315’.

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