scholarly journals Impact of winter oilseed rape nutritional status during vegetative growth on yield

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 490-496
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Przygocka-Cyna ◽  
Witold Grzebisz ◽  
Witold Szczepaniak ◽  
Agnieszka Zawieja
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Late Stage ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Fertility Level ◽  
Winter Oilseed Rape ◽  
Inflorescence Development ◽  
Vegetative Period ◽  
Limiting Nutrient

The nutritional status of winter oilseed rape (WOSR) during its vegetative period is crucial for plant growth and can be used for the seed yield prediction. This hypothesis was verified based on the data from long-term field experiments. The experiment consisted of four potassium (K) treatments based on the progressive K supply potential to plants from soil and fertilizer and two magnesium treatments (–Mg, +Mg) conducted in 2013–2015. The content of nutrients (N<sub>tot</sub>, P, K, Mg, Ca, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu) was determined at the rosette stage (BBCH 30) for leaves and separately for leaves and stems in the late stage of inflorescence growth (BBCH 57–59). The low K content appeared as the key limiting nutrient in WOSR plants in the rosette stage due to the insufficient soil fertility level, depended even more on weather conditions. This negative K nutritional trait persisted through the whole vegetative WOSR growth. Its detection was possible, because stems were included in the diagnostic procedure. The most reliable prognosis of WOSR yield was conducted based on the nutritional status of stems in the late stage of the inflorescence development.  

Greenhouse and field experiments with winter oilseed rape cultivars resistant to Plasmodiophora brassicae Wor.

2017 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 60-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronika Řičařová ◽  
Jan Kazda ◽  
Petr Baranyk ◽  
Pavel Ryšánek
Keyword(s):  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
Winter Oilseed Rape

scholarly journals Effect of Site Specific Nitrogen Management on Seed Nitrogen—A Driving Factor of Winter Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.) Yield

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Remigiusz Łukowiak ◽  
Witold Grzebisz
Keyword(s):  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Winter Oilseed Rape ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Site Diversity ◽  
Rate Interaction ◽  
N Pool

It has been assumed that the management of both soil and fertilizer N in winter oilseed rape (WOSR) is crucial for N accumulation in seeds (Nse) and yield. This hypothesis was evaluated based on field experiments conducted in 2008/09, 2009/10, 2010/11 seasons, each year at two sites, differing in soil fertility, including indigenous N (Ni) supply. The experimental factors consisted of two N fertilizers: N and NS, and four Nf rates: 0, 80, 120, 160 kg ha−1. Yield, as governed by site × Nf rate interaction, responded linearly to Nse at harvest. The maximum Nse (Nsemax), as evaluated by N input (Nin = Ni + Nf) to WOSR at spring regrowth, varied from 95 to 153 kg ha−1, and determined 80% of yield variability. The basic reason of site diversity in Nsemax was Ni efficiency, ranging from 46% to 70%, respectively. The second cause of Nse variability was a shortage of N supply from + 9.5 soil to −8.8 kg ha−1 to the growing seeds during the seed filling period (SFP). This N pool supports the N concentration in seeds, resulting in both seed density and a seed weight increase, finally leading to a yield increase.

scholarly journals Productive and Environmental Consequences of Sixteen Years of Unbalanced Fertilization with Nitrogen and Phosphorus—Trials in Poland with Oilseed Rape, Wheat, Maize and Barley

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1747
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Rutkowska ◽  
Piotr Skowron
Keyword(s):  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Winter Oilseed Rape ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
The Baltic

Two factorial field experiments were carried out between 2003 and 2018 in the Experimental Stations in Eastern and Western Poland using four crop rotations with winter oilseed rape, winter wheat, maize and spring barley. The initial value of phosphorus (P) in Grabów soil was 69.8 mg P·kg−1 soil and in Baborówko soil it was 111.3 mg P·kg−1 soil (Egner-Riehm Double-Lactate DL). P fertilizer was added annually at 39 kg P·ha−1 under winter oilseed rape, 35 kg P·ha−1 under maize and 31 kg P·ha−1 under wheat and barley using superphosphate and nitrogen (N), which was added at five levels (30–250 kg N·ha−1) per year as ammonium nitrate in addition to controls with no added fertilizer. Through the several years of the experiment, P fertilizer had no effect on crop N use efficiency (NUE) nor crop productivity. There was significant soil P mining particularly in the high-N fertilizer trials causing a reduction in the content of available soil P by up to 35%. This work recommends that, based on soil P analysis, P fertilizer should not be added to high-P soils. This practice may continue uninterrupted for several years (16 in this case) until the excess soil P has been reduced. This mechanism of removal of “legacy” P from soil has major implications in reducing runoff P into the Baltic Sea drainage area and other water bodies.

scholarly journals Soil Extracellular Enzyme Activities and Uptake of N by Oilseed Rape Depending on Fertilization and Seaweed Biostimulant Application

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anetta Siwik-Ziomek ◽  
Małgorzata Szczepanek
Keyword(s):  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Extracellular Enzyme ◽  
Winter Oilseed Rape ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Npk Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Rates ◽  
Insufficient Knowledge ◽  
Npk Fertilization

The present study has aimed at enhancing the insufficient knowledge of functional soil enzymes properties influenced by inorganic fertilization and biostimulant application to increase the uptake of nitrogen affecting the winter oilseed rape yield. Field experiments were conducted in Poland (53° N, 18° E) in Alfisol (USDA). In this experiment, the NPK rates applied were as follows: high 180 N, 70 P and 160 K 132 N (kg ha−1) or low 144 N, 35 P and 66 K (kg ha−1); fertilization with elemental S 36 or 0 (kg ha−1); and the seaweed biostimulant Kelpak was applied or there was no such treatment. Due to low NPK fertilization rates, the activity of dehydrogenases, peroxidases, and catalase increased in subsistent generative development stages from flowering to ripening. At the ripening stage, the activity of these enzymes, as well as nitroreductase activity, were inhibited by high NPK fertilizer rates. The seaweed biostimulant application and S fertilization increased N accumulation in plants of oilseed rape in generative development, by 16% and 13%, respectively, as compared with the lack of these treatments. The application of S increased the uptake of nitrogen in shoots and in whole oilseed rape plants only after application of higher rates of NPK.

scholarly journals Effect of Chlorocholine Chloride and Triazoles – Tebuconazole and Flusilazole on Winter Oilseed Rape (Brassica Napus Var. Oleifera L.) in Response to the Application Term and Sowing Density

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kinga Matysiak ◽  
Sylwia Kaczmarek
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Winter Oilseed Rape ◽  
Chlorocholine Chloride

Abstract Winter oilseed rape is strongly responsive to changes in the plant density. Any change in plant density significantly affects the morphological characteristics and yield of the crop. In addition, plant growth habit can be modified by the use of plant growth regulators. Apart from plant growth regulators like eg. chlorocholine chloride some triazoles have dual properties (fungicide and plant growth regulator) eg. tebuconazole. The trials were carried out in the years 2006-2008 at the Institute of Plant Protection - National Research Institute in Poznan (Poland). The treatments consisted of chlorocholine chloride, tebuconazole and flusilazole applied in spring at the growth stage BBCH 30 and BBCH 50 of winter oilseed rape. The field trials were conducted with two sowing densities of winter oilseed rape: 60 seeds/ m2 and 120 seeds/m2. The vegetation seasons varied according to the weather conditions, and the second testing year was characterised by drought in May and June. In the experiments plant height, SPAD units, number of siliques per plant, seed number per silique, weight of thousand seeds, yield, protein and fat content in the seeds were estimated. The increase of silique numbers per plant appeared only at the lower sowing density as a result of the application of tebuconazole or a mixture of tebuconazole with CCC. Flusilazole had a positive impact on seed number per silique. At both sowing densities, changes in the weight of a thousand seeds under the influence of the test preparations, were observed only in that year which had wet weather conditions. A more favourable effect of the test substances on the weight of a thousand seeds was obtained at the lower sowing density. All the tested substances positively affected SPAD unit values at the lower sowing density. At the higher sowing density, SPAD unit values increased after the application of flusilazole, and after a mixture of CCC + tebuconazole. The tested substances had a positive impact on plant yield but they did not affect the protein and fat content in oilseed rape seeds.

Segregation of Triazine-Resistant Chloroplasts after Introduction into Winter Type Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.) by Protoplast Fusion

1990 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 478-481
Author(s):  
R. Hain ◽  
J. E. Thomzik
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Protoplast Fusion ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Winter Oilseed Rape ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
X Irradiation ◽  
Spring Type

Abstract Triazine-resistant chloroplasts of the Canadian spring oilseed rape variety OAC Triton were transferred into four German winter oilseed rape lines and two cultivars of double-low quality by means of protoplast fusion. X-irradiation has been used to reduce the amount of nuclear D N A of the spring type cultivar and to promote cybrid formation. RFLP-analysis showed that some regenerants and their progeny carried both types of chloroplasts. In some instances regenerants and progeny containing mixtures of both chloroplasts not kept under selective conditions lost their triazine-resistant chloroplasts completely during further plant growth. Preliminary results of greenhouse and field experiments indicate that volunteer plants can be eliminated by application of 150-300 g/ha metribuzin (SencorR, Bayer AG) in a stand of triazine-resistant oilseed rape of double-low quality.

scholarly journals Contrasting Patterns of Colonization with Verticillium longisporum in Winter- and Spring-Type Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus) in the Field and Greenhouse and the Role of Soil Temperature

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (8) ◽  
pp. 2090-2099 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaorong Zheng ◽  
Annette Pfordt ◽  
Laxman Khatri ◽  
Alice Bisola Eseola ◽  
Antonia Wilch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Temporal Pattern ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Juvenile Growth ◽  
Root Infection ◽  
Winter Oilseed Rape ◽  
Winter Type ◽  
Spring Type

Oilseed rape, an important source of vegetable plant oil, is threatened by Verticillium longisporum, a soil-borne vascular fungal pathogen so far occurring in oilseed rape growing regions in Europe and Canada. Despite intensive research into V. longisporum in the last decades in controlled conditions, basic knowledge is still lacking about the time course of infection, temporal pattern of colonization, and disease development on field-grown plants. In this study, colonization of roots, stem bases, and stems with V. longisporum was followed by real-time PCR from the seedling until mature plant stages in 2-year field experiments with microsclerotia-infested plots and either spring-type or autumn-sown (winter-type) oilseed rape cultivars. The temporal pattern of plant colonization differed between greenhouse and field-grown oilseed rape and between spring- and winter-type plants in the field. Within 28 to 35 days, a continuous systemic colonization with V. longisporum was detected in roots and shoots of young plants in the greenhouse associated with significant stunting. In contrast, real-time PCR analysis of V. longisporum in field-grown winter oilseed rape plants displayed a strongly discontinuous colonization pattern with low fungal growth in roots during juvenile growth stages until flowering, whereas in spring oilseed rape, no root colonization was observed until early flowering stages. Hence, stem colonization with the pathogen required 6 months in winter oilseed rape and 1 month in spring oilseed rape from the time of initial root infection. The different patterns of stem colonization were related to soil temperature. Average soil temperatures in 5-cm depth during 7 days before sampling time points from 2 years of field experiments displayed a significant relationship with fungal colonization in the root. A climate chamber inoculation trial with soil temperature levels that varied from 6 to 18°C revealed a threshold temperature of >12°C in the soil to enable root invasion. This soil condition is reached in winter-type oilseed rape in the field in Germany either until the eight-leaf stage in early autumn or after pod stage in spring, whereas in spring-sown oilseed rape early root infection is delayed owing to the cool conditions during juvenile growth stages. The delay of stem colonization in field-grown oilseed rape may explain the lack of stunting as observed in the greenhouse and the previously reported inconsistent effects of V. longisporum on yield levels and seed quality, which were confirmed in this study.

scholarly journals The Reaction of Winter Oilseed Rape to Different Foliar Fertilization with Macro- and Micronutrients

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 515
Author(s):  
Wacław Jarecki
Keyword(s):  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Winter Oilseed Rape ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Plant Seed ◽  
Foliar Fertilization

Foliar fertilization provides cultivated plants with the necessary nutrients during the growing season. The conducted field experiment was aimed at comparing the effectiveness of different variants of foliar fertilization applied in the cultivation of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.), cultivar ‘ES Cesario’. The experimental factors were: A (control), B (YaraVita Brassitrel Pro), C (YaraVita Brassitrel Pro and YaraVita Thiotrac), D (YaraVita Brassitrel Pro and YaraVita Bortrac), E (YaraVita Brassitrel Pro and YaraVita Bortrac and YaraVita Thiotrac) and F (YaraVita Thiotrac). Weather conditions were variable over the years of the study and had a modifying effect on most of the tested parameters. Intensive foliar fertilization (variants D and E) resulted in a significant increase in the number of pods per plant, seed and fat yields, and SPAD (soil plant analysis development) and LAI (leaf area index) indices compared to the control. The protein yield was the highest after fertilizer applications in variants C and E. The use of YaraVita Thiotrac alone (variant F) did not provide the expected results. Foliar fertilizers applied in variant D increased Gs (leaf stomatal conductance) measurements and fat content in seeds but decreased TSW and seed protein content. It was shown that intensive foliar fertilization (variants D and E) increased seed boron content compared to YaraVita Thiotrac fertilization and the control. Fat and protein yields were strongly positively correlated with seed yield (r = 0.93 and r = 0.71, respectively). The best economic effect was obtained after applying foliar fertilization in variants D and E; therefore, they can be recommended for agricultural practice.

scholarly journals Nutritional status of winter oilseed rape in cardinal stages of growth as the yield indicator

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 291-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Szczepaniak ◽  
W. Grzebisz ◽  
J. Potarzycki ◽  
R. Łukowiak ◽  
K. Przygocka-Cyna
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Winter Oilseed Rape

scholarly journals Dynamics of Growth and Nitrogen Capture in Winter Oilseed Rape Hybrid and Line Cultivars under Contrasting N Supply

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yangyang Zhang ◽  
Piaopiao Lu ◽  
Tao Ren ◽  
Jianwei Lu ◽  
Li Wang
Keyword(s):  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Winter Oilseed Rape ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Parental Lines

Cultivation of winter oilseed rape hybrids has been introduced as a promising solution to improve the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and to reduce the large N balance surpluses in this crop. To achieve a better understanding of the underlying physiological mechanisms, field experiments were conducted over two years to investigate the dynamics of growth and N capture in an oilseed rape hybrid and its parental lines under both low (0 kg ha−1) and high (180 kg ha−1) N supply. The results showed that the dynamic trajectories of crop growth and N capture could be accurately characterized by logistic equation using growing degree days as the independent variable. At both N rates, the oilseed rape hybrid outperformed the parental lines in seed yield and aboveground biomass accumulation, which was more closely associated with the longer duration (td) of the rapid growth period (RGP), than with the higher maximum growth rate (vm). N uptake was the main factor driving genotypic variation in seed yield, with an increasing importance of N utilization efficiency at high N supply. The hybrid had significantly higher N uptake than the parental lines at both low and high N supply, because of larger vm for N accumulation during the RGP, which may present a scope for genetically improving NUE in oilseed rape. High N application enhanced crop biomass production and N accumulation, as a result of prolonged td and larger vm during the RGP. The initiation of RGP for N accumulation occurred after overwinter period, which could not be accelerated by high N supply, suggesting rational distribution of N fertilizer with reduced basal dose. However, larger amounts in spring would be beneficial for a better synchronization to crop N demand with lower environmental risks.

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