Cultivar of oil flax Y 220

The oil flax cultivar Y 220 is developed by a method of individual selection from a line k4165 at severe background after 6-field flax monocrop. It was estimated by resistance to fusariose in epicentrum of fusariose infection and to flax sickness at monocrop cultivation. Due to results of variety trials for 2019–2020, the cultivar Y 220 exceeded the standard cultivar FLIZ by yield by 0.77 t per ha. Plant height is 80–90 cm. Vegetative period is 75–80 days. Weight of 1000 seeds is equal to 6.02–6.06 g. Seeds color is brown. Oil content is 44.4%; linolenic acid content is lowered (23.3%). The cultivar Y 220 is differed with full resistance to flax sickness and high field resistance to fusarium wilt. This makes it possible to cultivate it in short crop rotations and at monocrop.

Species of herbivorous bugs in sunflower crops in the central agro-climatic zone of the Krasnodar region

One of the factors limiting high and qualitative yields of sunflower seeds is pests. Phytophages injure plants of the crop during the whole vegetative period causing growth and development disorders, and sometimes plants depth. Together, insects play the important role in distribution of pathogens, especially fungi from genera Alternaria, Fusarium, Rhizopus, and Puccinia, as well as bacteria. Among phytophages on sunflower, the most harmful are herbivorous bugs (class Hemiptera) of fleahopper (Miridae) and stinkbug (Pentatomidae) families. Bugs feeds on plants sap, they suck it out of the different plant organs. The basic oil crop in the Krasnodar region is sunflower. In 2021 its sowing area accounted to 442 thousand ha. Breaks of scientifically substituted cultivation technology lead to deterioration of phytosanitary state of sunflower crops by means of concentration of pathogens, including herbivorous bugs. The purpose of the research was to determine species and prevalence of bugs and their dominating species in sunflower crops in the Krasnodar region for the further development of protection measures. The result showed in the central zone of the Krasnodar region the sunflower crops are inhabited with 12 species of bugs from the families: Miridae, Pentatomidae, Alydidae and Coreidae. Prevalence of tarnished plant bug (Lygus pratensis (Linnaeus, 1758) and bishop bug (Lygus rugulipennis (Popp., 1911) was high (60 and 80%, respectively), and sloe bug (Dolycoris baccarum (Linnaeus, 1758) was maximal – 100%. A sloe bug prevailed in sunflower crops – 36.1%.

Influence of a complex of agrotechnical methods on yield qualities of F1 seeds of the hybrid Fakel in progeny (report II)

The researches were conducted on fields of a farm “Berezanskoe”, Korenovsk district, Krasnodar region. Size of a plot is equal to 112 sq. м, in three replications. The object of the research was F1 seeds of interlinear sunflower hybrid Fakel produced in 2020 with different positive modifications on a hybridization plot. The seed were planted in 2021 to estimate impact of the positive modifications (methods) on yield and quality seeds of the hybrid Fakel in progeny. Two sowing rates (60 and 80 thousand per a га) were used to realize fully a yield potential of the hybrid. A certain positive impact was fixed in variants with application of biological protection measures and microbiological fertilizers during plants vegetative period. Yield increase was 0.02 t per ha. Increase of oil content and oil yield of the hybrids Fakel in progeny under different positive modifications was insignificant: 0.2–0.3% and 0.01–0.02 t per ha, respectively. Application of biological protection measures and microbiological fertilizer during the vegetative period of plants on the hybridization in 2020 contributed in a profitability increase by 6% when sowing F1 seed in 2021 with sowing rate of 80 thousand seed per ha.

Factors Controlling the Hydraulic Efficiency of Green Roofs in the Metropolitan Area of Milan (Italy)

Green roofs (GRs) are considered sustainable solutions for the adaptation of urban water management to climate change. The use of GRs is particularly promising in urban environments like the Metropolitan Area of Milan, the most urbanized area in Italy. In this work, we evaluated the subsurface runoff coefficient at the event-time scale, for more than one year of observations, of 68 small-scale test beds comprising different configurations of green roofs (e.g., different vegetations, types and depths of growing media, and different slopes) installed in the Metropolitan Area of Milan. The objectives of this study are three-fold. Firstly, the controlling factors of the hydraulic have been assessed for efficiency. We calculated a mean drainage flow rate of 51%, finding that growing media play a significant role in determining the drainage flow during the spring, at the beginning of the vegetative period. During this season, water retention in fertilized beds increases significantly. At the beginning of the summer, the vegetation cover is able to significantly reduce the drainage flow, playing an even more crucial role with respect to the growing medium material. However, we found that the vegetation type (grass field and Sedum) does not play a significant role in the retention processes. Secondly, the delay of the peak flow rate was determined. We found a precipitation peak delay from 1 to 2 h, which would be sufficient to guarantee environmental benefits for urban drainage. Finally, the factors controlling the hydraulic efficiency of GRs for individual precipitation events were assessed. We found that soil moisture and cumulated precipitation are both significant factors determining the drainage flow rate. In conclusion, we point out that soil moisture is one of the main parameters characterizing GR drainage and should be further considered in future research efforts devoted to the analysis of GR performance.

BIOTRICO: A Breakthrough Fertilizer for Sustainable Agriculture

The second goal of Sustainable Development Goals is to end hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition as well as promote sustainable agriculture. Within the framework of sustainable development, agriculture has dimensions as a complex ecosystem of which biodiversity and productivity must be maintained. Accordingly, organic agriculture is an agricultural system that holistically pays attention to the sustainability of biodiversity, biological cycles, and soil biological activities. The problems faced by farmers are the attack of disease-causing pathogens; the level of pathogen attack can even cause crop failure. Phytophthora infestans is a pathogen that causes root, stem, and leaf disease, and this disease is hazardous for plants. Phytophthora infestans are challenging to control, easily transmitted, and have the highest virulence when the plant is in the vegetative period. Therefore, this research aims to determine the level of effectiveness of BIOTRICO in controlling Phytophthora infestans by using experimental method in CV Agrolestari Merbabu. From the experimental results, BIOTRICO was able to minimize the attack of pathogens to only 20%, much lower than the control (60%) and proven capability to become a better option in root, stem, and leaf disease than chemical pesticides for sustainable agricultural practice.

New cultivar of soybean Gorinskaya

The paper presents results of research into breeding of the new soybean cultivar Gorinskaya by the methods of hybridization and individual selection. Soybean varieties SibNIIK-315 (female parent) and Fiskebi V (male parent) were used as a starting material. The studies were carried out in the forest-steppe zone of the Western Siberia (Novosibirsk region). Soybean Gorinskaya belongs to the Manchu subspecies. The plants have a light brown (reddish) pubescence of the stem, leaves, beans. The growth pattern and the type of apex is intermediate, the number of branches is 1–3, the angle of branching is 20–30 degrees, the bush is compressed. The height to the first branch is 6–10 cm, the attachment height of the lower pod is 10–13 cm. The beans are distributed evenly throughout the plant. The length of the stem is 55–75 cm, the number of internodes on the stem is 12–15. The inflorescence is a small-flowered raceme of 3-5 flowers. The corolla is purple in color. The pods are slightly curved with a pointed tip; when ripe, they acquire a brown color. The seeds are elongated-oval, greenish-yellow in color, without pigmentation. The seed hilum is brown. The cultivar is the grain variety for use. The yield in the competitive variety testing reached 29.4 c / ha. The mass of seeds per plant is 10–12 g, the mass of 1000 seeds is 150–160 g. The number of seeds per pod is 2-3; the average number of pods per 1 productive node is 2-3. The protein content in seeds is 35-38, fat – 17-19%. Duration of the vegetative period is 100-105 days. The cultivar is medium resistant to diseases, cold, drought, and soil salinity. In 2018, the Gorinskaya soybean variety was included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements Approved for Use in the Russian Federation for the East Siberian region.

The effectiveness of fertilizer for sunflower on typical black soil of the Tambov region

Currently, sunflower is the main oil crop in the Tambov region. The most important task of modern agricultural production is the use of technologies that increase the yield and quality of field crops. Data on seed and oil yield of sunflower are very important when choosing different types of mineral fertilizers. In this regard, the purpose of our research was to study the effect of various doses, methods and terms of application of macro- and microfertilizers on yield, crop quality and oil yield of sunflower in a link of the 6-year crop rotation: fallow – winter wheat – corn (for grain) – barley – sunflower – spring wheat. The research was conducted at the Tambov Research Institute of Agriculture – a branch of the I.V. Michurin Federal Research Center, which is located in the Tambov region. On typical black soil, application of both traditional mineral fertilizers (N16P16K16) for plowing, and liquid mineral fertilizers (Megamix) during pre-sowing treatment and for plants treatment during vegetative period contributes to obtaining an additional seed and oil yields. For 2014–2020, the highest seed and oil yields were obtained in variant (5) with N30P30K30 for plowing + seed treatment with Megamix (2.0 l/t) and amounted to 2.84 t/ha and 1324 kg/ha, respectively. The fat content varied depending on the variant of the experiment. The maximum indicator of 53.6% was in the variant with the application of N30P30K30. But due to the lower seed yield, the oil yield amounted to 1.21 t/ha. All variants for seed and oil yields were superior to the control one (without fertilizers).

Overexpression of full-length and partial DREB2A enhances soybean drought tolerance

Soybean is an important commodity worldwide. Abiotic conditions can adversely disturb crop growth and final yield. The transcription factor Dehydration-Responsive Element-Binding Proteins 2 (DREB2) act as a regulator of drought-responses. This study aimed to characterize soybean plants genetically modified with GmDREB2A;2 FL and GmDREB2A;2 CA for molecular, physiological, and agronomic responses, at different developmental periods. Results showed that seedlings from GmDREB2A;2 FL event presented lower growth reduction under osmotic treatment during germination. The GmDREB2A;2 FL and GmDREB2A;2 CA events showed improved performance in experiments of water deficit imposed in the vegetative period and higher rates in physiological parameters. In the reproductive period, there was a trend of higher yield compounds in GM GmDREB2A;2 FL event when compared to other genotypes and treatments. It was suggested that GmDREB2A;2 FL event presented superior performance due to the higher expression levels of the cisgene and drought-induced genes.

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens as a halo-PGPB and chitosan effects in nutritional value and yield production of Asparagus officinalis L. under Sonora desert conditions

Asparagus officinalis L. is a crop associated with arid and dry environments of arid deserts; its tender product is considered a gourmet food for its exclusive consumption and its high prices. Among the main attributes of this vegetable are being a product low in calories, fat and cholesterol, with a high content of vitamin C, as well as rich in potassium and calcium phosphate. The indiscriminate use of synthetic fertilizers in agricultural crop production systems, as well as the increasing dependence, they cause deterioration of the physical and chemical properties of the soil, in addition have a variable impact on the composition and functions of the soil microbiota. Under indigenous area “Seris” in Sonora desert conditions (salinity and high °C), var. ‘Early California’ of asparagus was biofertilized with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (Ba) as a halo-PGPB and chitosan (QUI) to evaluate nutritional value and yield-production. Results showed that Ba and QUI in the vegetative period increased the emergence rate (≥15%), nitrates in sap (≥10%), fresh and root weight and crown (≥25%); significant values in its subsequent production stage of shoots for human consumption (proximal values such as protein (≥33%), and carbohydrates (≥20%), in addition to K+ (≥9%) and Vit C (≥15%) compared with the control, were obtained. These results express the possibility of using Bacillus amyloliquefaciens as a halo-PGPB and chitosan as a biofertilizer of marine origin in asparagus under Sonora desert conditions.

Seasonal and multiannual dynamics of sedentary species populations of hunting interest

The aim of the research was to study the number dynamics of the populations of dominant sedentary species of hunting interest as a theoretical context in arguing sustainable measures for the management of economic interest fauna. The studies between 2000-2021 shows that after a period of depression in the populations of sedentary species of hunting interest in 2004-2012 there is an increase from 2016-2017 till present of reproductive stocks in all studied species on average by 95%. The losses in the cold period of the year varied depending on the climatic conditions of the cold period of the year, as well as the age structure at the end of the reproductive period: for the hare between 14% and 30%, with an average of 23%; in grey partridge from 56% to 71% and in pheasant they fluctuate between 48% and 56% of the autumn number, being lower in warm winters (37%). Analyzing the dynamics of annual increases in sedentary small game species in different climatic conditions, it was found that arid conditions during nesting and offspring growth, decrease annual increases by 143% in pheasants, 122% in hares, and only 74% in partridges, which is a species less dependent on aridizations in the vegetative period.