scholarly journals The birds communities functional structure dynamics in the ash individual consortia under the influence of the climatic factors annual dynamics

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
O. L. Ponomarenko
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Time Budget ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Significant Part ◽  
Open Architecture ◽  
Test Plot ◽  
High Fecundity ◽  
Different Seasons

The studying of the connections between the birds and consortia is impossible without their dynamics research. The amount of organisms that are part of the consortium is large enough and their significant part is active only for some year part, the full extent of the links detection is impossible without the seasonal dynamics analyses. The article is devoted to the bird communities in individual consortia of such edificator of the linden-ash-tree oak groves, as the ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.). This work material was collected in different seasons of 2004–2010 years in a linden-ash oak grove on the test plot No. 209 of the ecological profile of the NSC «Belgard Prisamar`e International Biospheric stationary», Novomoskovsk district, Dnepropetrovsk region. The individual consortia of 183 ash examples of three age conditions (virgins – virg, young generative – gl, mature and old generative individuals – g2–g3) were investigated. The ash consortia have in their composition topomorphs of the woodbirds, edge birds, and ubiquitous birds. Woodbirds are the dominant birds group. They completely dominate in the virginia ash consortia and significantly prevail over the ubiquitous on young generative trees. An edge birds group appears only on old and mature generative trees. Climamorphs are represented by year-round and seasonal bird species. The ratio of these two groups in consortia varies during the year, but in general, year-round bird species dominate. Therefore, the interaction system of the birds with ash has is quit stable. The virginal ash has seasonal species only in summer and autumn. The generative ashes of all the categories have the both climamorphe groups during the year. This indicates that a stable system of the birds with ash consortive interactions has been formed only with the fruiting beginning. The trophomorphs are the most diverse group of the morphs. Such biomorphs as zoophages, phytophages, omnivores are represented in the ash consortium. Within these biomorphs, second-order biomors were identified: seed-eaters, fruit-eaters, observers, sweepers, deep sweepers. The third order trophomorphs were also distinguished as the size links. The trophomorphs greatest variety was recorded for the young generative trees – 13 trophomorphs of the second and third orders. The mature and old generative trees have 12 trophomorphs. The virginal trees – only 2 trophomorphs. This is partly due to the neighboring tree species influence in the tree stand composition. It was found that the virgin trees have the lowest biomorphic diversity of the birds, and the generative trees have the highest one. This distinguishes ash from the other tree species. The reason of this is that the mature and old generative ash (g2–g3) has a crown located above the upper layer. The semi-open architecture of this tree crown is also facilitate to this. In such conditions birds don’t find enough places for their protection from predators, so they spend a little time on this tree, and don’t delay in its crown. The young generative ash crowns are within the upper and middle tree layers, so they have safer conditions for birds. The studies conducted in different seasons, also has found an interesting feature of the ash. Unlike other species, the ash is the least attractive for birds in the fall. In winter the birds visit this tree quite actively. The ash high fecundity and its seeds remaining on the tree branches in winter are the reason of this fact. As a result, some birds feed the ash tree fruits, while the other birds extract insects-phytophagous from it. The results of the research indicate that the ash is less attractive for the birds than the tired crown trees, such as oak, maple, linden. On the other hand, a significant part of the birds time budget on ash is spent for surveillance. Birds use ash as a place for review and control of their site. Therefore, ash can be recommended as an additional species in the artificial tree-stands creation.

scholarly journals Influence of seasonal climatic factors on the dynamics of birds interactions with oaks consortia

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-94
Author(s):  
O. L. Ponomarenko ◽  
M. V. Shulman
Keyword(s):  
Late Onset ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Time Budget ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Oak Forests ◽  
Test Plot ◽  
Crown Density ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Daily Time

The article is devoted to the bird communities in individual oak consortia (Quercus robur L.) of the linden-ash oak forests. This work material was collected during different seasons of the 2004–2010 years in a linden-ash oak grove on the test plot No. 209 of the ecological profile of the NSC «Bel'gard Prisamar`e International Biospheric stationary», Novomoskovsk district, Dnepropetrovsk region. The individual consortia of 281 examples of three age conditions oak trees (virgins – virg, young generative – gl, mature and old generative individuals – g2–g3) has been investigated. The daily time budget decreases by 2–2,5 times in autumn for all oak ages that have been studied. But the number of consort birds is reduced by 2 times only for virgin and old generative oaks. The young generative oak is attractive enough for birds in autumn. The ratio of the trophic and topical share interactions for all trees ages does not change significantly in autumn. Birds don’t interact with the virgin oak in winter practically. This age oak can’t propose enough food or places for birds’ protection from predators. Oaks in age g1–g3, on the contrary, are in demand by the birds. There 7 birds species on g1 oaks and 13 species on g2–g3 oaks were recorded in winter. The birds’ daily time buds for the one oak example are low in winter, and by the 90 times reduce compared with the summer. The bird time budget basis in winter are the trophic interactions. The birds’ activity on oak sharply increases in spring and exceeds 1,5–2 times the summer parameters on virgin and mature generative oak (g2–g3). Birds on oak spend most of their time on topical interactions during this season because of the oak important role in the birds reproduction. On the other hand, the young generative oak (g1) is not in demand by the birds in spring because of insufficient crown density and the oaks of this age location at the edge. The number of bird species on oak in spring is less than in summer due to the late onset of leaf blooming on the oak. A significant part of the birds’ activity in the spring moves to the lower tier of the forest because of the earlier vegetation beginning. As a result of the research, it was revealed that the consorting groups of common oak throughout the year retain the main features of their organization. The virgin oak is characterized by a stochastic nature of the birds interaction with the consortium core and almost hasn’t obligate consort birds. Young generative oak is actively forming a trophic relations system with consorts due to intensive linear growth. At this age, first of all, general indicators are formed – time and mass budgets. The consortium of mature and old generative oak has a significantly larger number of bird species consorts and their interactions diversity with the tree. This can help to increase the stability of consorting groups. In most cases in the oak consortium the trophic component of the consortium form earlier then the topical. The specific location of the virgin and young generative oak at the lit positions in the lime-ash oak forests influences the oak consortia formation in a considerable scale. The number of types of interactions between the consort and the autotroph is the most effective indicator, which shows a high level of the consortium development. The stability of consortial relations between birds and English oak grows throughout the year from virgin oak to mature and old generative. The virgin oak unstable consorting groups have fluctuations of the species number during the year up to 100 % (the number of consort species in summer was chosen as the initial value). The consortia species composition fluctuations reach 81,82 % for young generative oak, and 59,26 % – for mature and old generative oak. The mature and old generative oak consortia attract seasonal bird species that replace each other throughout the year more actively. This ensures the stability of year-round control of phytophage populations.

scholarly journals Influence of seasonal climatic factors on the dynamics of birds interactions with maples consortia

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 67-80
Author(s):  
O. L. Ponomarenko ◽  
O. A. Reva
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Time Budget ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Behavioral Activity ◽  
Oak Forest ◽  
Test Plot ◽  
Acer Campestre ◽  
Time Of Year ◽  
The Individual

The article is devoted to the bird communities in individual maple consortia (Acer campestre). This work material has been collected during different seasons of 2004‒2010 years in the linden-ash oak grove on the test plot No. 209 of NSC «Bel'gard Prisamar`e International Biospheric stationary» ecological profile, Novomoskovsk district, Dnepropetrovsk region. The individual consortia of 214 examples of three age conditions maple trees (virgins – virg, young generative – gl, mature and old generative individuals– g2–g3) has been investigated. Some bird species daily time budget (DTB) per autotroph exampl on average has been the basic parameter for the birds’ participation in the consortia functioning assessment. The maple consortia communities have been revealed in the result of investigation to be the basic for the oak birds. Non-forest birds species almost have not appeared in them, which differs them from the consortia of the oak forests edificators, for instance, oak. Field maple attracts birds in the cold seasons because of its participation in the forest stand formation and of its ontogenesis course. Field maple seeds remain on the tree during the autumn and winter and support the birds vital activity in this period, unlike oak. The total birds’ activity in the trees decreases significantly in the fall. But such situation is observed in autumn only on virg maple. Maples g1, g2–g3, on the contrary, attract birds in autumn more than in summer. There are more DTB birds on these maples in autumn than in summer, because of the late leaf falling and numerous fruits availability. Birds eat actively phytophages on maple fruits. The autumn community of wild maple birds aged g2–g3 is the most active on DTB index. On the other hand, the species composition on generative maples decreases two to three times in comparison with summer. In winter the birds DTB activity on maple decreases by 15–20 times, because of the wintering birds migration to the settlements. Very few birds remain in the oak forest in winter. But the birds wintering in the oak forest species composition is quite diverse, which affects the birds’ species composition of the maple consortiums in winter. It is more diverse than in the fall. Mistletoe infects maple quite often and its fruits also attract birds to the maple consort in winter. As a result, the birds DTB index on old generative maples is higher than on oak this time of year. The birds’ species composition in g2–g3 maple consortiums is represented by 14 species in winter. This figure is 2.5 times more than in autumn. The virgin maple consortium has a high birds DTB index in spring. The main reasons are – this tree vegetation early start and the dense thickets formation of this tree young growth. As a result, the virgin maple has a diverse trophic base for birds in the spring. This consortium is comparable with the consortium of g1maple in the birds’ species composition and exceeds it in the DTB index. The time budget of birds’ trophic interactions is 75% of the total DTB in the maple consort at the age of virg. The time budget of the bird topical interactions is 80% of the total DTB in the g1 maple consortium. The birds almost do not hunt on this age maples, but show a variety of behavioral activity. The birds’ community in the g2–g3 age maple consort is very diverse in spring and yield in to that only in old generative oak. The time budget of the birds’ topical interactions is 75% of the total DTB in the g2–g3 maple consortium. Thus, birds use g2–g3 maple in spring mainly for singing, resting, cleaning feathers, mating games, etc., rather than feeding.

scholarly journals Influence of seasonal climatic factors on the dynamics of birds interactions with linden consortia

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
O. L. Ponomarenko
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Test Plot ◽  
Oak Trees ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Trophic Connections ◽  
Common Oak

The article is devoted to the bird communities in individual linden consortia (Tilia cordata Mill.) of the linden-ash oak forests. This work material was collected during different seasons of the 2009–2017 years in a linden-ash oak grove on the test plot No. 209 of the ecological profile of the NSC «Bel'gard Prisamar`e International Biospheric stationary», Novomoskovsk district, Dnepropetrovsk region. The individual consortia of 145 examples of three age conditions oak trees (virgins – virg, young generative – gl, mature and old generative individuals – g2-g3) has been investigated. Studies have shown that birds are actively involved in consortia of linden for most of the year. Meroconsortia of linden generative organs are attractive to birds during the growing season and in the cold season. In summer, the consortia of linden in terms of species composition of birds is inferior to the consortia of oak about 2 times. The same trend is observed in DTB and DMB. Only 2 species of birds participate in the consortia of the virgin linden. The consortia of young generative linden consists of only 4 species of birds, but DTB increases almost 30 times. The consortia of mature and old generative linden acquires a sufficient species composition – 14 species of birds. Interactions of birds with virginal linden are stochastic in autumn. Only 2 species of birds participate in the consortia of virgin linden in autumn. The consortia of young generative linden consists of 5 species (more than in summer). The old generative linden has a depression of consortia interactions of birds. Their volume is reduced by half compared to summer. Specialized consumers of linden nuts remain in the consortia of old generative linden mainly. Birds have very low DTB and DMB rates in consortia of all linden age groups in winter. Instead, the species composition of birds increases in the consortia of generative groups of linden in winter. The system of consortia interactions of birds is not intensive, but stable on the linden tree in winter. The volume of interactions of birds with a linden tree essentially increases in the spring. This trend is typical for trees with a dense crown. The number of consort birds is higher than in summer in consortia of virgin and young generative linden. DTB is five times higher in virgin linden than in summer. The participation of birds in the consortia of young generative linden is also greater than in summer. We believe that this is due to the fact that linden begins to grow earlier than other trees in the upper tier. The old generative linden is one of the main feeding grounds for birds in the spring. Linden, like common oak, is much more interesting for birds in spring and summer in contrast to field maple and ash. Linden first supports the system of trophic connections, and then topical in most seasons of the year. Linden forms stable groups of birds at a young generative stage during the year. Linden creates an environment for birds to live in the middle tier and complements the field maple.

Somatoform disorders: diseases of the civilization

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
I. Kukhtevich
Keyword(s):  
Health Professionals ◽  
Somatoform Disorders ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Disorders ◽  
The Other ◽  
Significant Part ◽  
Organic Basis ◽  
Autonomic Disorders ◽  
The One ◽  
Somatic Diseases

Functional autonomic disorders occupy a significant part in the practice of neurologists and professionals of other specialties as well. However, there is no generally accepted classification of such disorders. In this paper the authors tried to show that functional autonomic pathology corresponds to the concept of somatoform disorders combining syndromes manifested by visceral, borderline psychopathological, neurological symptoms that do not have an organic basis. The relevance of the problem of somatoform disorders is that on the one hand many health professionals are not familiar enough with manifestations of borderline neuropsychiatric disorders, often forming functional autonomic disorders, and on the other hand they overestimate somatoform symptoms that are similar to somatic diseases.

Statistical Processing and Correlations Between Concentrations of Some Atmospheric Pollutants in Suceava and Botosani Counties

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (7) ◽  
pp. 175-186
Author(s):  
Doina Lutic ◽  
Danut-Gabriel Cozma
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Monoxide ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
The Other ◽  
Atmospheric Pollutants ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
National Network ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Official Site ◽  
Social Wealth

The abundance of some pollutants from the air depend on the geographic area, the human activities intensity, the climate, the season and even on the hour within a day. The nitrogen oxides are the most abundant and most dangerous toxic species from the air, and these emissions are tightly connected to human polluting activities. Therefore, in our work, the first part is assigned for a wide literature search concerning the incidence of the keywords �nitrogen oxide� and searching the connections with other significant related terms and formulas, investigated by the researches worldwide. Then, a statistic approach was applied trying to correlate the values of the concentration in air of nitrogen monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, benzene and particulate matter PM10, all of these being generated to a large extent from the exhaust gases from different automotives. The data were collected from the official site of the National Network of Air Quality Monitoring from Romania, and processed by statistical methods, using specific software and methods, in order to find significant differences between the pollutants concentrations values in two neighbor counties (Suceava and Botosani), with relatively similar climate conditions, but different social wealth. The findings of these statistical processing indicate that the PM10 values do not present significant differences between the two locations, neither the time within a day, while the other parameters exhibit distinctions between the values of the other pollutants concentrations in different seasons (summer and winter) and hourly intervals within a day (night, morning, afternoon and evening).

Tree Species Preferences of Foraging Birds in Jarrah Forest in Western Australia.

1985 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 461 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Abbott ◽  
PV Heurck
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Selective Logging ◽  
Jarrah Forest ◽  
Eucalyptus Marginata ◽  
Silvicultural Treatments ◽  
Species Preferences

A study of foraging by 10 bird species suggests that selective logging of large Eucalyptus marginata will only have affected Melithreptus lunatus, but that proposed silvicultural treatments, including removal of Banksia grandis, may affect several other bird species.

scholarly journals Bird Species Identification Using Spectrogram Based on Multi-Channel Fusion of DCNNs

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 1507
Author(s):  
Feiyu Zhang ◽  
Luyang Zhang ◽  
Hongxiang Chen ◽  
Jiangjian Xie
Keyword(s):  
Species Identification ◽  
Feature Fusion ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Identification Accuracy ◽  
Mean Average Precision ◽  
Training Dataset ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Average Precision ◽  
Fusion Mode

Deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) have achieved breakthrough performance on bird species identification using a spectrogram of bird vocalization. Aiming at the imbalance of the bird vocalization dataset, a single feature identification model (SFIM) with residual blocks and modified, weighted, cross-entropy function was proposed. To further improve the identification accuracy, two multi-channel fusion methods were built with three SFIMs. One of these fused the outputs of the feature extraction parts of three SFIMs (feature fusion mode), the other fused the outputs of the classifiers of three SFIMs (result fusion mode). The SFIMs were trained with three different kinds of spectrograms, which were calculated through short-time Fourier transform, mel-frequency cepstrum transform and chirplet transform, respectively. To overcome the shortage of the huge number of trainable model parameters, transfer learning was used in the multi-channel models. Using our own vocalization dataset as a sample set, it is found that the result fusion mode model outperforms the other proposed models, the best mean average precision (MAP) reaches 0.914. Choosing three durations of spectrograms, 100 ms, 300 ms and 500 ms for comparison, the results reveal that the 300 ms duration is the best for our own dataset. The duration is suggested to be determined based on the duration distribution of bird syllables. As for the performance with the training dataset of BirdCLEF2019, the highest classification mean average precision (cmAP) reached 0.135, which means the proposed model has certain generalization ability.

scholarly journals Comunicación visual mediante técnicas GIS en el litoral del Campo de Dalías: la defensa costera de los pueblos del interior.

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Enrique Villanueva Ojeda ◽  
Andrés Miguel García Lorca
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Significant Part ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Gis Techniques ◽  
Modern Age

<p>Monitoring of the coast for the protection of the in-land populations has been one of the main problems in the province of Almería during a significant part of Modern Age. Due to this was planned and developed an entire infrastructure defensive and observational in view of the arrival of pirates and corsairs to the coast of Almería. With the present work it is tried firstly to give importance to these structures from a landscape point of view, tourism and culture through GIS techniques to create view sheds. On the other, from overlapping each different view shed, their presence or absence, can give useful conclusions for the archaeology science, as a part of a research project on the visual connection between the coastal defenses and in-land populations.</p>

scholarly journals The use of Twitter and Facebook Social Media in Communicating & Disseminating Weather and Climate Information by Kenya Meteorological Department

2020 ◽  
pp. 11-21
Author(s):  
Misiani Zachary ◽  
Lun Yin ◽  
Mwai Zacharia ◽  
Xiaohan Zhang ◽  
Yanyan Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Information Dissemination ◽  
The Other ◽  
Significant Part ◽  
Climate Information ◽  
Traditional Media ◽  
Weather And Climate ◽  
Social Media Platforms

Today, traditional media is still a significant part of disseminating weather and climate information, still they have not been able to reach out to all users of the target audience alone. On the other hand, social media platforms such as Twitter, Facebook, YouTube, Instagram, etc. are used as a tool of communicating weather and climate information to various users in a well-organized manner like never before. Using a scientific research methodology of case study, the research was designed to explore how the Kenya Meteorological Department (KMD) is using Twitter and Facebook accounts for weather and climate information dissemination to various users.

scholarly journals Entwicklung klimasensitiver Wachstumsfunktionen für das Szenariomodell «Massimo»

2015 ◽  
Vol 166 (6) ◽  
pp. 389-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brigitte Rohner ◽  
Esther Thürig
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Climate Variables ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Climate Effects ◽  
Growth Functions ◽  
Tree Ring Data ◽  
Scenario Model

Development of climate-dependent growth functions for the scenario model “Massimo” Tree growth is substantially influenced by climatic factors. In the face of climate change, climate effects should therefore be included in estimations of Switzerland's future forest productivity. In order to include climate effects in the growth functions of the “Massimo” model, which is typically applied to project forest resources in Switzerland, we statistically modelled climate effects on tree growth representatively for Switzerland by simultaneously considering further growth-influencing factors. First, we used tree ring data to evaluate how climate variables should be defined. This analyses showed that for modelling multi-year tree growth we should use averages of whole-year variables. Second, we fitted nonlinear mixed-effects models separately for the main tree species to individual-tree growth data from the Swiss National Forest Inventory. In these models, we combined climate variables defined according to the results of the tree ring study with various further variables that characterize sites, stands and individual trees. The quantified effects were generally plausible and explained convincingly the physiological differences between the species. The statistical growth models for the main tree species will now be included in the forest scenario model “Massimo”. This will allow for founded analyses of scenarios which assume changing climatic conditions.

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