scholarly journals Этноязыковые хорватско-норвежские параллели

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (9) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Artur Bagdasarov Rafaelovich ◽  
Darja Nikolaevna Soldatov
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Strong Tendency ◽  
Recent History ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
European Languages

The article deals with the problem of language normalization and its role in the forming of a literary language. The problem is explored on the basis of Croatian and Norwegian languages. Both being Indo-European languages, they do not stay too close to each other etymologically. However, these two languages share some remarkably common ethno-linguistic aspects: Both Croatian and Norwegian have experienced a strong tendency to normalization and unification during their recent history. The sociolinguistic context of this process was slightly different for each language. During the 20th century, Croatian was thought to be merged with its close sibling Serbian to form a single Serbian-Croatian literary language, while in Norway there was a trend to build a unified literary language (samnorsk) based on the two variants of Norwegian, bokmål and nynorsk. The result of the explored tendency is negative for both languages: convergent processes failed for Serbian-Croatian as well as samnorsk. The article argues that the primary cause for this is that social and political factors take a higher precedence over purely linguistic presuppositions for unification. 

Norns and Norms

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haun Saussy
Keyword(s):  
Native Language ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
European Languages ◽  
Western European ◽  
Foreign Text

We often hear that certain words or texts are “untranslatable.” At the root of this judgment lies an exaggerated respect for the native language, which must not be altered by contact with other languages. Against this superstition, it is here argued that translation is one of the great movers of change in language, and accomplishes this precisely through the rendering of difficult and unidiomatic texts. At another level, a purported ethics of translation urges that translations should be “foreignizing” rather than domesticating: this too evidences a normative idea of the integrity of the language and culture of the foreign text. Against such defences of purity, a sense of both language and translation as inherently hybrid, and literary language in particular as macaronic, should open to examination the historical individuality of encounters that every translation records. Examples from Western European languages indicate how this hybridity is to be understood.

Rīgas humānistu laikmets latviešu romānistu tēlojumā

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-57
Author(s):  
Ojārs Lāms
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Historical Novel ◽  
Strong Tendency ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Ancient History ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Cultural Boundaries ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Traveling Circus

In the broad tradition of the Latvian historical novel, which has flourished in recent decades, the authors have a strong tendency to focus either on ancient history up to the 13th century or on events important to the Latvian nation in the 19th and 20th centuries. Writers are less interested in the era of humanism in the 16th and 17th centuries when the Latvian nation is still sprouting in the ground. However, these centuries have been crucial in defining the region’s geopolitical affiliation and cultural boundaries. From a broader diachronic view at Latvian novels, it can be stated that a number of Latvian writers, starting from the beginning of the 20th century, have tried to give a textual life to the humanist era in Livonia with various approaches to the historical novel thus creating a special set of texts to be called the Livonian text. Within the framework of this article, the view on the Livonian text consists of a review of 8 novels that have been written over more than a hundred years. They are not all texts on the subject but form a compact and representative sample in terms of theme, stylistics, and genre features. These texts are Andrievs Niedra’s (1871–1942) novel “When the Moon Wears Out” (Kad mēness dilst, 1902), Rutku Tēvs’s (1886–1961) “Rebellious Riga” (Dumpīgā Rīga, 1930) and “Mūksala Brothers” (Mūksalas brāļi, 1934), Astrīda Beināre’s (1937–2016) “Our Lady of Riga Monastery” (Rīgas Dievmātes klosteris, 1993), Aivars Kļavis’s (1953) tetralogy “Beyond the Gate” (Viņpus vārtiem), which consists of the novels “Jester of Adiaminde” (Adiamindes āksts, 2005), “Riga Humpback” (Rīgas kuprītis, 2007), “Ridiculed Soldier” (Piesmietais karavīrs, 2009), “Captives of the Traveling Circus” (Ceļojošā cirka gūstekņi, 2012).

FACTORS OF THE FESTIVAL TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN THE SECOND HALF OF 20TH CENTURY

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Hrytsyshyn ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
High Level ◽  
Communist Countries

The article deals with the development of festival tourism in the second half of the 20th century. Festival tourism is referred to the special types of tourism and should satisfy specific needs of people during the trip. The motivational basis of the festival tourism is the desire of people to visit new places, regions and events in the world, including festivals. The article analyzes the main factors of the development of festival tourism in the second half of the 20th century after the end of the Second World War. Six main groups of factors are determined, in particular: civilization, sociological and psychological factors; economic factors; political factors; technological factors; ecological factors and tourism as a factor in festival development. It was established that the progress of civilization and higher incomes made it possible to satisfy the basic social needs in the highly developed countries, as well as to concentrate on high-level needs, including those connected with culture and entertainment, thus, also with festivals. The collapse of the USSR and the democratization of the post-communist countries in Europe caused the appearance of a new cultural and entertainment activity. Moreover, the authorities began to take more and more responsibility for the socioeconomic development of cities and regions, including the cultural aspect, which in turn resulted in promotion of local festivals. The development of transport infrastructure and modern information technologies has also positively contributed to the development of festival tourism. The ecological approach to life and to civilization in general is considered to be an important factor in the development of festival tourism in recent years.

scholarly journals Kilka uwag o trwałości legendy o krwi. Na marginesie „Kłamstwa krwi” Jolanty Żyndul

10.11649/404 ◽  
2014 ◽  
pp. 283-297
Author(s):  
Joanna Tokarska-Bakir
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Recent History ◽  
Political Relations ◽  
Extended Review

<p><img src="http://ispan.waw.pl/journals/public/site/images/admin/issj004.png" alt="" width="24" height="24" /></p><p><strong>A few remarks on the persistence of the legend of blood</strong></p><p>The article is an extended review of Jolanta Żyndul’s <em>Kłamstwo krwi </em>(‘The Lies of Blood’). Żyndul unearths numerous cases of accusing Jews of ritual murders, which happened in the 19th and the 20th century, and were then forgotten by the Poles. Żyndul puts the libel of the legend of blood inside a wider context of social, religious and political relations in the recent history. She revises the historical narration, which produced the oblivion by undermining the significance of those events.</p><p> </p><p><img src="http://ispan.waw.pl/journals/public/site/images/admin/issj003.png" alt="" /></p><p><strong>Kilka uwag o trwałości legendy o krwi. Na marginesie „Kłamstwa krwi” Jolanty Żyndul</strong></p><p>Tekst jest rozszerzoną recenzją monografii historycznej dotyczącej legend o krwi ery nowoczesnej pióra Jolanty Żyndul. Historyczka odkrywa niezwykle liczne dziewiętnasto- i dwudziestowieczne przypadki obwinień Żydów o mord rytualny, zupełnie wyparte z pamięci historycznej Polaków. Sytuuje oszczerstwo krwi w sieci powiązań społecznych, religijnych i politycznych historii najnowszej, poddając rewizji narrację historyczną, która, podważając znaczenie tych niezrozumiałych „epizodów”, wyprodukowała zapomnienie.</p>

History of the Press in Equatorial Guinea in the 20th Century: Periodicals Published in Equatorial Guinea 1901–2000

2015 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. vii-xxix
Author(s):  
Carlos González Echegaray
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Equatorial Guinea ◽  
Recent History ◽  
The Press ◽  
Bibliographic Data ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Parallel Action

No one today doubts that the press is an essential tool to know and understand recent history of countries and nations. And not just from the standpoint of politics and economics but also of everyday life, reflected in these types of publications, sometimes undervalued by historians and others. The evolution of the press in developed countries has been the subject of several studies. A parallel action is needed for the still recently established African states, paying special attention to the post-independence period. For this research an inventory of the titles of those publications is essential, as well as bibliographic data that can be documented.

scholarly journals Liligo Glacier, Karakoram, Pakistan: a reconstruction of the recent history of a surge-type glacier

2003 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 168-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guglielmina Diolaiuti ◽  
Massimo Pecci ◽  
Claudio Smiraglia
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Recent History ◽  
Historical Documents ◽  
The South ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
South Side ◽  
Ice Surface ◽  
History Of ◽  
Two Phases

AbstractLiligo Glacier is a small glacier located in a transverse valley, which flows on the south side of Baltoro Glacier, Karakoram, Pakistan. Terminus variations of Liligo Glacier since 1892 were reconstructed using various methods and sources (historical documents, cartography, photographs, satellite images and field surveys). The glacier is characterized by two phases of strong advance (beginning and end of the 20th century), separated by at least half a century of retreat. The advance rates, together with some ice-surface features such as the heavily crevassed surface and terminus morphology, are considered to be indicative of a surge-type glacier.

scholarly journals La Réunion by Roger Vailland (1958): An Island’s Autopsy

Viatica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maéva BOVIO ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Recent History ◽  
Reunion Island ◽  
La Réunion ◽  
Travel Narrative ◽  
Réunion Island

In 1958, Roger Vailland and his wife left for Reunion Island to rest and this is where Vailland draws a disenchanted portrait of the island. Despite its character of lost paradise, the island was treated in a negative way: Vailland therefore falls into the category of the great dysphoric and critical travel tales of the 20th century. Marked no doubt by his communist convictions, the writer constructs an anti-narrative in which he reduces Reunion Island to a mineral and sinister land: his work oscillates between the travel narrative and the historical-political treatise in which he analyses and comments on the island's recent history.

scholarly journals The Russian iambic tetrameter: The problem of description (Prolegomena to a new paradigm)

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergei Liapin
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
General Trend ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Aesthetic Value ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Russian Literary

From the very beginning of systematic investigation of the Russian iambic tetrameter (1910s–1940s), the proportion of stresses on the first and second ictus of the line was chosen as its main rhythmic characteristic. Meanwhile, attributing an aesthetic value to this characteristic is wrong: it is largely dependent on the changing speech norm in the late 18th an early 19th century. The general trend in the evolution of the Russian iambic tetrameter from the mid 18th to the mid 20th century can be described as an increase in the degree of rhythmic diversity of this metre. Every rhythmic form of the iambic tetrameter approximates as close as possible to the frequency predetermined by the general norms of the Russian literary language. Both processes (changes in the speech norm and the growth of rhythmic diversity of the metre under consideration) are illustrated by statistical data.

scholarly journals Causes and consequences of the changes in the ethnic structure of the Temerin municipality in the 20th century

2006 ◽  
pp. 391-398
Author(s):  
Igor Jokic ◽  
Branko Ristanovic
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Short Period

Ethnic structure in the Temerin municipality during the 20th century is characterized by great changes. The number of some ethnic grupations was changing in the relative short period. This had an influence on the increase and decrease in the development in the analyzed area? The great changes in the ethnic structure were caused by political factors that occurred in some periods, but also caused by other demographic elements that characterize some ethnic grupations. All these characteristics caused even the vanishing of for example, Germans from this area. This paper describes in details all causes that caused the changes in the ethnic structure in this municipality. Besides, the consequences of these changes are analyzed and all relations and problems that can appear primarily between the Serbs and the Hungarians are pointed out.

scholarly journals Wygasanie oboczności leksykalnych stryj ║ stryk oraz wuj ║ uj w dobie średniopolskiej

2019 ◽  
pp. 83-95
Author(s):  
Paulina Michalska-Górecka
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
History Of ◽  
Polish Language

The aim of this article is to show the rivalry of the two pairs of variants: stryj ║ stryk and wuj ║ uj in the history of the Polish language, especially with respect to Middle Polish. Samples of these forms were taken from dictionaries which note historical Polish lexis – from Old Polish to the 20th century. Moreover, the article is an attempt at identifying the era in which this rivalry finished and which forms developed as norms in the literary language.

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