scholarly journals Causes and consequences of the changes in the ethnic structure of the Temerin municipality in the 20th century

2006 ◽  
pp. 391-398
Author(s):  
Igor Jokic ◽  
Branko Ristanovic

Ethnic structure in the Temerin municipality during the 20th century is characterized by great changes. The number of some ethnic grupations was changing in the relative short period. This had an influence on the increase and decrease in the development in the analyzed area? The great changes in the ethnic structure were caused by political factors that occurred in some periods, but also caused by other demographic elements that characterize some ethnic grupations. All these characteristics caused even the vanishing of for example, Germans from this area. This paper describes in details all causes that caused the changes in the ethnic structure in this municipality. Besides, the consequences of these changes are analyzed and all relations and problems that can appear primarily between the Serbs and the Hungarians are pointed out.

Author(s):  
Anna Hrytsyshyn ◽  

The article deals with the development of festival tourism in the second half of the 20th century. Festival tourism is referred to the special types of tourism and should satisfy specific needs of people during the trip. The motivational basis of the festival tourism is the desire of people to visit new places, regions and events in the world, including festivals. The article analyzes the main factors of the development of festival tourism in the second half of the 20th century after the end of the Second World War. Six main groups of factors are determined, in particular: civilization, sociological and psychological factors; economic factors; political factors; technological factors; ecological factors and tourism as a factor in festival development. It was established that the progress of civilization and higher incomes made it possible to satisfy the basic social needs in the highly developed countries, as well as to concentrate on high-level needs, including those connected with culture and entertainment, thus, also with festivals. The collapse of the USSR and the democratization of the post-communist countries in Europe caused the appearance of a new cultural and entertainment activity. Moreover, the authorities began to take more and more responsibility for the socioeconomic development of cities and regions, including the cultural aspect, which in turn resulted in promotion of local festivals. The development of transport infrastructure and modern information technologies has also positively contributed to the development of festival tourism. The ecological approach to life and to civilization in general is considered to be an important factor in the development of festival tourism in recent years.


Spatium ◽  
2014 ◽  
pp. 39-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dzemila Beganovic

Contemporary urban development has changed the traditional cities all over the world. In our region, the typical Balkan cities of oriental origin, structure and outlook were almost totally transformed in the second half of the 20th century. Modern movement brought new models of urban organization, different communication concepts and a variety of concepts of modern buildings. Among others, the idea of complex urbarchitectonic structures in urban tissue spread under specific influences and models. After a short review of modern urban development and the idea of complex urban structures, this paper explores urban transformation of less researched cities such as Pristina and Novi Pazar. The focus is on the phenomenon of complex urbarchitectonic structures built in related cities in a short period from 1969-1989. Four complex urbarchitectonic structures will be presented: Kicma and complex in JNA Street in Pristina and Lucne buildings and Jezero buildings in Novi Pazar.


2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
László Bengi

Publication practices during the early decades of the 20th century had a significant impact on the approach to literary works for both writers and readers. The majority of authors, including Kosztolányi, published the same work several times in different papers. The genealogy of texts is pervaded by the effects of contingency and unintentionality due to the lack of authorial, and sometimes editorial, control in the extensive and variable dissemination of works. Nevertheless, since the interaction of variants and their contexts can be conceived of as a mutual process, the mentioned publication practices also give rise to the possibility that a textual frame can be built around a work by re-publishing connected writings of the author’s oeuvre in the same paper within a short period. As an example, i show how Kosztolányi compiled an almost invisible series of short stories about death and suicide around the publication of one of his novels in the middle of the 1920s.


2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 8-13
Author(s):  
Borbala Obrusanszky

The ancient Hungarian chronicles, written in the royal court, mention that ancestors of the Hungarians, namely Scythians and Huns, lived in the regions of Caucasus, and belonged to Nimrod, the first legendary king of the world. He could have been a real powerful king, because other nations of the region claimed relationship with him. Hungarians said that Nimrod’s two sons, while chasing a magical stag, approached northward, kidnapped the daughters of the Alanian kings and settled down near the Meotic swamp. According to the Hungarian tradition, a large group of Savards/Sabirs left the Trans-Caucasus region and preserved their ancient culture and language as well. They lived there for a short period of time due to overpopulation. Huns gathered their elected leaders and decided to move westward to Pannonia, where they established the centre of the Hun state. Some scholars think that story was preserved as an epic and was sang by storytellers in the royal court. From the late 19th century some German and Hungarian scholars questioned the authenticity of the Hungarian chronicles, but at the end of 20th century the contemporary archaeological finds and local historical sources certified the accuracy of their reports. The modern sciences such as anthropology and DNA profiling also proved the ancestors of Hungarians lived in the regions of the Caucasus.


Author(s):  
Emilio Grandió Seoane

Uno de los movimientos políticos menos estudiados en Galicia durante el primer tercio del siglo xx es el conservadurismo. La proclamación de la II República supuso el cambio inmediato de poder en las instituciones oficiales. Pero la mayoría de las organizaciones políticas mantenían su tradicional modelo de funcionamiento. El sistema democrático creado durante la II República duró escasamente cinco años, un corto período comparado con los cincuenta de la Restauración Borbónica. Los sectores regionales conservadores se inclinaron por mantener aquellos modos políticos que habían estado practicado durante estos cincuenta años. Del mismo modo que la Monarquía, el Catolicismo era considerado por la derecha gallega como algo propio de las tradiciones españolas.One among the less known political movements which developed in Galicia during the first third of the 20th century is the conservative one. The proclamation of II Republic implied an immediate change in the sphere of the oficial instítucions. But most political organízations kept their traditional way of functionning. The democratic system created during the II Republic lasted merely five years, a short period when compared with the fífty years covered by the Bourbonic Restauratíon system. Conservative-oriented regional were inclined to keep making politics as they had beíng doing for fífty years. Líke the monarchy, Catholicism was seen by the Galícian right as something characteristic of Spanish tradítion.


Author(s):  
Валентина Львовна Тихонова ◽  
Олег Игоревич Закутнов

Цель статьи - показать, как трансформация образов супергероя в американском кинематографе отражает изменения исторических и культурных ценностей в сознании людей в течении относительно небольшого временного отрезка с начала XX - по начало XXI вв. Если первая половина XX века породила мифологизированных героев с четким делением на добрых и злых, соответствующих параметрам бинарности, в которых нуждалось западное общество, в связи с мировыми войнами, то во второй половине XX века, распространяющаяся на весь западный мир постмодернистская парадигма, с идеей множественности истин, множества возможностей для раскрытия подвижного креативного потенциала приводит к появлению амбивалентного героя - трикстера. Постмодернистская парадигма задает определенный игровой контекст: постмодернистская игра ведется с любыми условностями, формами, стилями, дискурсами. Поэтому такой супергерой уже не только спаситель, он вмещает в себе противоречия, совмещающие в себе разные образы героев и антигероев. На этом трансформация образа супергероя не завершается: появляются супергерои с исключительно отрицательными качествами, противостоят которым простые люди. Кроме постмодернистских тенденций, важным фактором, повлиявшим на эволюцию супергероя, явилась конкурентная борьба за читателя и зрителя между двумя крупнейшими компаниями по производству комиксов DC и Marvel. В статье использовались методы анализа, интерпретации, структурно-функциональный и компаративистский, показан процесс эволюции супергероического образа в американском кинематографе под влиянием современных постмодернистских установок и коммерческих проектов кампаний, специализирующихся в производстве супергероики. The purpose of the article is to show how the transformation of superhero images in American cinema reflects changes in historical and cultural values in the minds of people over a relatively short period of time (from the beginning of the 20th century to the beginning of the 21st centuries). If the first half of the XX century gave birth to mythologized heroes with a clear division into good and evil, corresponding to the parameters of binary that Western society needed in connection with world wars, then in the second half of the XX century, spreading to the entire Western world the postmodern paradigm, with the idea of a plurality of truths, of a multitude of possibilities for revealing a mobile creative potential, leads to the emergence of an ambivalent hero - a trick-ster. The postmodern paradigm sets a certain game context: the postmodern game is played with any conventions, forms, styles, discourses. Therefore, such a superhero is no longer only a savior, he contains contradictions that combine different images of heroes and antiheroes. The transformation of the superhero image does not end there: superheroes appear with extremely negative qualities, which are opposed by ordinary people. In addition to postmodern tendencies, an important factor that influenced the evolution of the super-hero was the competition for reader and viewer between the two largest comic companies DC and Marvel. The article used methods of analysis, interpretation, structural-functional and comparative, shows the process of evolution of the super-heroic image in American cinema under the influence of modern postmodern attitudes and commercial projects of campaigns specializing in the production of superheroics.


Author(s):  
Сергей Александрович Троицкий

Рассматривается, как построение визуальных образов, отражающих культурные стереотипы, в то же время создает культурную карту. Анализируя взаимовлияние национальных стереотипов на уровне обыденного сознания, формируемых посредством преподавания географии, с одной стороны, и визуальную риторику Чужого, воплощенную в карикатуре, – с другой, мы фиксируем взаимные изменения обоих. Наша задача – воссоздать систему визуальных образов в политической карикатуре короткого периода истории русской культуры, названного империализмом, когда идеология романтического национализма, выражавшаяся в активном колониальном переделе мира, протекционизме, была на пике, то есть последнего десятилетия XIX века, фактически завершившегося в политической истории России русско-японской войной (1904) и началом первой русской революции (1905). Для выявления сложившихся национальных стереотипов привлекаются описания ментальных особенностей различных стран (народов) из российских учебников географии, использовавшихся для преподавания накануне исследуемого периода. Такой подход является новым для изучения политической карикатуры и приводит к неожиданным выводам. Авторы учебников исходят из романтической установки, что определения носят характер сущностных, неотъемлемых, а значит, изображение любого представителя является изображением каждого представителя народа (страны). Другими словами, учебники географии транслируют общие национальные стереотипы о других народах, фиксировавшиеся с помощью преподавания на уровне обыденного сознания, что позволяет понимать юмор карикатурных изображений практически всем. Карикатура является продолжением культурного или политического дискурса, чьи установки она транслирует, поэтому именно карикатурные визуальные образы и позволяют исследователю выявить типическое (стереотипное) содержание в повседневной культуре (на уровне обыденного сознания) и определить черты культурного и политического дискурса того периода, а также зафиксировать какие-либо изменения в стереотипах (правда, такие изменения могут произойти только под воздействием каких-то глобальных событий, таких как революция). В статье показывается, как ментальная карта мира из учебника географии, где в центре находится Россия, конкретизируется и трансформируется в ментальную карту мира, где существуют стереотипные чудовища – Другие, легко трансформируемые во врагов, а научный дискурс того периода легко трансформируется в инструмент политической пропаганды. Исследование строится от общего описания исторического и политического контекста, исследовательских установок, основных характеристик имагологического дискурса в карикатуре к рассмотрению более конкретных примеров, сопоставлению национальных стереотипов из учебников географии Германии, Франции, Турции, Японии, Китая с национальными стереотипами, фиксировавшимися карикатуристами в отношении этих же стран. The article discusses how constructing visual images that reflect cultural stereotypes simultaneously creates a cultural (mental) map. The objective of the paper is to reconstruct the system of visual images in political caricatures of a short period of history of Russian culture (the last decade of the 19th century and the first five years of the 20th century) culminating in fact in the Russo-Japanese war (1904) and the first Russian revolution (1905). Then the ideology of romantic nationalism was at its peak. That period is referred to as imperialism because it was characterized by an active colonial redivision of the world and protectionism. To reveal the main national stereotypes, the article draws on descriptions of the mental characteristics of various countries (peoples) from Russian geography textbooks used for teaching on the eve of the analyzed period. Attracting geography textbooks as a source of national stereotypes for political caricature studies is a new approach, and it leads to unexpected conclusions. The authors of textbooks proceed from the romantic attitude that definitions are essential, integral, which means that the image of any representative is the image of every representative of the population (country). Geography textbooks transmit common national stereotypes about other peoples, which, by teaching, are fixed at the level of everyday consciousness. It allows almost everyone to understand the humor of caricature images. Caricature is a continuation of the cultural or political discourse whose attitudes it translates, so it is caricature visual images that allow the researcher to identify (stereo)typical content in everyday culture (at the level of everyday consciousness), determine the features of the cultural and political discourse of that period, and record any changes in stereotypes. The article shows how the mental map of the world from the geography textbook in which Russia is located in the center is concretized and transformed into an everyday mental map of the world that has stereotypical monsters-Others, easily transformed into enemies. The scientific discourse of that period is easily transformed into a tool of political propaganda. The research develops from the general description of the historical and political context, research attitudes, and the main characteristics of imagological discourse in caricature to the consideration of more specific examples, comparisons of national stereotypes from geography textbooks (Germany, France, Turkey, Japan, and China) with national stereotypes recorded by caricaturists in relation to these countries.


Author(s):  
Yaroslav Tsetsyk ◽  

The aim of the article is to study the role of the authorities and the Orthodox clergy in the formation of a positive image of the Union of the Russian people in Volhyn at the beginning of the 20th century. The author studies a set of archival documents which highlight the key activities of the imperial authorities and the Orthodox clergy in the formation of a positive image of the Pochaiv branch of the Union of the Russian people in the period under study. The research methodology is based on the use of special historical methods (chronological and comparative-historical) and general scientific (analysis, synthesis, and generalization), statistical method, which in combination with the principles of historicism, objectivity, and multifactoriality created the necessary conditions for unbiased coverage. The scientific novelty of the work is that the author, on the basis of archival documents and periodicals, clarified the role of the authorities and the Orthodox clergy in forming a positive image of the Black Hundreds. Much of the archival documents of this work are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. Conclusions. As a result of the events of the first Russian revolution, the imperial government made a number of unprecedented concessions, and in accordance with the manifesto of October 17, 1905, the activities of political parties were allowed. In the autumn of the same year, as a result of the unification of a number of monarchical structures, the Union of the Russian People was formed. Soon Volyn province became one of the leading centers of the Black Hundred movement in the empire. The Black Hundreds enjoyed the support of the imperial authorities, and in Volhynia at the origins of the organization stood the Orthodox clergy, who played a key role in forming the organizational network of the URP. Being on the foundations of the inviolability of the foundations of the autocracy and the Orthodox Church and at the same time carrying out active activities aimed at discrediting their opponents, the Black Hundreds paid important attention to the formation of their positive image. The Orthodox clergy of the region also took an active part in this. Thanks to the support of the authorities, they managed to form the image of ‘defenders of the peasants and the Orthodox faith’ in a relatively short period of time, while blaming opponents of foreigners and non-believers for all the public troubles. On the one hand, this contributed to the growth of the URP's authority, and on the other hand, it exacerbated the already complex interfaith and interethnic relations in Volyn.


Author(s):  
Natalia V. Abrosimova

The article describes the controversial situation of the national bibliography in the middle of 20th century and considers the basic concepts suggested during the theoretical discussion. Also it highlights the influence of social and political factors on the science development and the importance of discussion in the improving of the bibliography theory.


2003 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-21
Author(s):  
Øyvind Giæver

This essay focuses on marriage regulation as a eugenic tool – a topic that has received little attention in the literature – in 20th century Norway. Although eugenics was very much the focus of expert discussions prior to the first Norwegian marriage act (1918), a marriage bar for the insane that was included in the act was not mainly motivated by eugenic concerns. In fact, an amendment prepared in the late 1950s brought such concerns more to the foreground. In a final round of revisions prepared in the 1970s and 80s, however, both the marriage bar and the eugenic arguments were firmly dismissed. The essay uses these developments to discuss the relative weight to be accorded technical versus political factors in explaining the decline of eugenics – a decline that came rather late as far as the history of Norwegian marriage laws goes.


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