scholarly journals Tannin concentration and degradation rate in vitro of Morus alba and Hibiscus rosa-sinensis

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Aldenamar Cruz Hernández ◽  
David Hernández Sanchez ◽  
Armando Gómez-Vázquez ◽  
Alejandra Govea-Luciano ◽  
Juan M. Pinos-Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Morus Alba ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
In Vitro Degradation ◽  
Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis ◽  
Tannin Concentration

The study evaluated the influence of age (30, 60, 90 and 120 days) on dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), free condensed tannins (FCT), fiber-bound condensed tannins (FBCT), protein-bound condensed tannin content (PBCT), in vitro degradation rate of DM (DMkd), CP (CPkd) and NDF (NDFkd) of Morus alba (MA) and Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (HRS). For MA leaves, there was a quadratic (p < 0.01) relationship between CP content and age: the CP content of 60, 90 and 120 days-old leaves was similar, but it was lower than that of 30 days-old leaves. For HRS leaves, CP content decreased linearly (p < 0.01) as age increased, and NDF content increased linearly (p < 0.01). For both MA and HRS, there were cubit (p < 0.01) effects of age on FCT, FBCT and PBCT content, in which the highest values were found in 120-d-old leaves and the lowest in 30 and 90 d-old leaves. Furthermore, old leaves had a linear decrease in DMkd, CPkd, and NDFkd. DMkd, CPkd, and NDFkd negatively correlated (p < 0.001) with FCT, FBCT, and PBCT content. For both MA and HRS, 90 days-old leaves had higher nutritional value than 120 days-old leaves.

scholarly journals Seasonal Quality Assessment of Leaves and Stems of Fodder Ligneous Species

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 426-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoi M. PARISSI ◽  
Eleni M. ABRAHAM ◽  
Christos ROUKOS ◽  
Apostolos P. KYRIAZOPOULOS ◽  
Antonios PETRIDIS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
The Other ◽  
Acid Detergent Lignin ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of seasonality on the chemical composition and concentration of phenolic compounds in some ligneous species. The research was conducted at the Aristotle University’s farm, Thessaloniki, Greece. From five ligneous species (Robinia pseudoacacia var. monophylla, Amorpha fruticosa, Colutea arborescens, Morus alba and Arbutus unedo) samples (leaves and twigs) were collected during two different seasons (spring and autumn). All samples were analyzed for crude protein (CP), Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF), Acid Detergent Lignin (ADL) and in vitro dry matter (DM) digestibility (IVDMD), as well as for total phenols (TPH), total tannins (TT) and condensed tannins (CT). The CP content was generally lower and higher in leaves and stems of A. unedo and R. pseudoacacia, respectively compared to the other tested species. A. unedo had the highest values in NDF and ADL in leaves and the highest ADL content in stems. M. alba and C. arborescens in leaves and C. arborescens in stems had the lowest values of ADL content. M. alba had the significantly highest value in IVDMD and A. unedo the lowest one in both leaves and stems. Season had no significant effect on TPH, TT, and CT of leaves, while in stems they were significantly higher in autumn. A. unedo had the highest concentration of TPH, TT and R. pseudoacacia of CT in the leaves. TPH, TT, and CT concentration in stems was significantly higher in A. unedo. According to the findings, the impact of maturation on the type and the concentration of phenols and tannins is species-dependent.

scholarly journals In vitro degradation dynamics of neutral detergent fiber and silage quality of waste from production of heart of palm of peach palm

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Galvão de FREITAS ◽  
Geraldo Fábio Viana BAYÃO ◽  
Augusto César de QUEIROZ ◽  
Robérson Machado PIMENTEL ◽  
Carlos Magno ROCHA Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
In Vitro Degradation ◽  
Fermentation Profile ◽  
Fermentation Parameters

ABSTRACT The objective of the present work was to evaluate the chemical composition, fermentation profile, and degradation parameters of the neutral detergent fiber of three silages made with the waste from production of heart of peach of palm, which consisted of leaf, leaf sheath, and their compound (55% leaf and 45% leaf sheath). The waste was packed in experimental silos and open after sixty days of fermentation; silage samples were collected for determination of chemical composition and degradation parameters of neutral detergent fiber at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, and 96 h of incubation in vitro. A difference was detected in the dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and lignin contents between the three types of silage. The leaf silage showed a higher fractional degradation rate and a higher potentially digestible fraction of neutral detergent fiber over the 96 h of incubation. As for the fermentative parameters, silage made with the leaf showed a higher pH (3,79) and lactic acid (1,18%), acetic acid (0,39%) and propionic acid (0,24%). The butyric acid was higher for compound silage (0,012%) and ammoniacal nitrogen was higher for sheath silage (0,94%). The leaf silage displayed better chemical characteristics, fermentation parameters and in vitro degradability properties, proving to be the silage with best nutritional value for feeding ruminants.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Nutritive Value and the Fatty Acid, Phenol, Tannin and Terpenoid Contents of Nine Pastures in an Alpine District during the Summer Season

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Pier Giorgio Peiretti ◽  
Sonia Tassone ◽  
Narges Vahdani ◽  
Giovanna Battelli ◽  
Francesco Gai
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Total Phenols ◽  
True Digestibility ◽  
Balanced Distribution ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Nw Italy

A study was conducted over the summer of 2014 on nine Alpine pastures in the Chisone and Susa Valleys (NW Italy). The aim was to characterize the variation in the chemical composition, gross energy, in vitro true digestibility (IVTD), in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD), fatty acids (FA), total phenols, total and condensed tannin contents, and terpenoid profile. The dry matter, ash, crude protein, acid detergent fiber, lignin, and gross energy contents of the pastures were found to differ. All the pastures had good IVTD (706–829 g/kg DM) and NDFD (487–694 g/kg NDF) values. The most abundant FAs in all the pastures were α-linolenic (354–519 g/kg of the total FAs), linoleic (75–110 g/kg of the total FAs), and palmitic acid (64–89 g/kg of the total FAs) and they differed significantly among pastures. No significant differences were found in the total phenols, or in the total and condensed tannin contents among pastures. Fifty-eight terpenoids were detected and 4-cyclopentene-1, 3-dione, β-caryophyllene, and eucalyptol were the most abundant. The terpenoids differed both qualitatively and quantitatively among pastures. The results highlight the importance of the great biodiversity of pastures, which provide a balanced distribution of fundamental nutritional elements and bioactive compounds in grasslands.

INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND IN VITRO DRY MATTER DISAPPEARANCE OF NORMAL- AND LOW-TANNIN SERICEA LESPEDEZA

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 637-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. FALES
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Lespedeza Cuneata ◽  
Sericea Lespedeza ◽  
Tannin Concentration ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Controlled Environments ◽  
Higher Temperature

A normal and a low-tannin sericea lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata (Dumont) G. Don.) cultivar were grown in controlled environments under a warm (32/24 °C) or cool (22/17 °C) temperature regime. Both cultivars accumulated more dry matter at the higher temperature. The normal-tannin sericea contained a higher concentration of tannin, and lower concentrations of crude protein and neutral detergent fiber (NDF than the low-tannin sericea. Tannin concentration in the leaves of the normal-tannin cultivar was 10 percentage units greater and crude protein and NDF were each 3 units lower at 32/24 °C than at 22/17 °C. Tannin concentration in the leaves of the low-tannin cultivar was 2 percentage units higher, crude protein was 3 units lower, and NDF was 3 units higher at 32/24 °C than at 22/17 °C. In vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD) of the normal-tannin leaves was approximately 20 percentage units less than that of the low-tannin leaves, and was not influenced by temperature. Stems were more digestible than the leaves in both cultivars, but normal-tannin stems were slightly less digestible than the low-tannin stems. The IVDMD of low-tannin stems was 6 units lower at 32/24 °C than at 22/17 °C. Future breeding efforts with low-tannin sericea should place emphasis on lower tannin and NDF concentrations because both these components tend to increase with temperature and bear negative associations with IVDMD.Key words: Lespedeza cuneata, neutral detergent fiber, crude protein, forage quality

Effects of conservation method on condensed tannin content, ruminal degradation, and in vitro intestinal digestion of purple prairie clover (Dalea purpurea Vent.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 524-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q.Q. Huang ◽  
L. Jin ◽  
Z. Xu ◽  
S. Acharya ◽  
T.A. McAllister ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Tannin Content ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Intestinal Digestion ◽  
Ruminal Degradation ◽  
Conservation Method

In situ and in vitro experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of forage conservation method on the chemical composition, ruminal degradation, and intestinal digestion of purple prairie clover (PPC), which was conserved as freeze-dried forage (FD), silage (SIL), or hay (Hay). In situ dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and crude protein (CP) degradabilities were determined by incubating the forages in three rumen-cannulated heifers for 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 24, 48, and 72 h. Intestinal DM and CP digestions were estimated by incubating 12 h ruminal in situ residues in a modified three-step in vitro procedure. Ensiling decreased (P < 0.001) extractable condensed tannins (CT) but increased (P < 0.001) protein- and fiber-bound CT compared with FD and Hay. The ruminal disappearance of CP at 8 and 24 h was affected by conservation method (P < 0.001), ranked as SIL > FD > Hay. The effective degradability of DM was lower (P < 0.001) for Hay than for FD and SIL. Ensiling lowered (P < 0.001) whereas haymaking increased (P < 0.001) intestinal digestion of CP compared with the fresh PPC. There were no differences in intestinal DM digestion among the three conserved forages. The results suggest that PPC conserved as Hay may conserve the biological activity of CT via preserving extractable CT more than as SIL, thus having the potential to improve protein utilization in ruminants.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Nutrient Composition, In Vitro Fermentation Characteristics, and In Situ Degradability of Amaranthus caudatus, Amaranthus cruentus, and Amaranthus hypochondriacus in Cattle

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Kim Margarette C. Nogoy ◽  
Jia Yu ◽  
Young Gyu Song ◽  
Shida Li ◽  
Jong-Wook Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Nutrient Composition ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Amaranthus Cruentus ◽  
Amaranthus Caudatus ◽  
Amaranthus Hypochondriacus

The amaranth plants showed high potential feed value as forage for ruminants. An in-depth study of this plant, particularly in cattle, will help extend its utilization as an alternative protein and fiber feed source in cattle feeding. In this study, the nutrient compositions of three different species of amaranth, Amaranthus caudatus L., Amaranthus cruentus L., and Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.—two varieties for each species, A.ca 74, A.ca 91, A.cu 62, A.cu 66, A. hy 30, and A. hy 48—were evaluated. The in vitro technique was used to evaluate the fermentation characteristics such as total gas production, total volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentration, pH, and ammonia concentration of the rumen fluid. Moreover, the effective degradabilities of dry matter (EDDM) and crude protein (EDCP) of the amaranth forages were determined through in situ bag technique. The amaranth forages: A. caudatus, A. cruentus, and A. hypochondriacus showed better nutritive value than the locally produced forages in Chungcheong province of Korea. The CP of the amaranth ranged from 11.95% to 14.19%, and the neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents ranged from 45.53% to 70.88% and 34.17% to 49.83%, respectively. Among the amaranth varieties, A. hypochondriacus 48 showed the most excellent ruminant feed nutrient quality (CP, 14.19%; NDF, 45.53%; and ADF, 34.17%). The effective degradabilities of dry matter (EDDM; 33–56%) and crude protein EDCP (27–59%) of the amaranth were lower compared to other studies, which could be due to the maturity stage at which the forages were harvested. Nonetheless, A. hypochondriacus 48 showed the highest EDDM (56.73%) and EDCP (59.09%). The different amaranth species did not differ greatly in terms of total VFA concentration or molar proportions, total gas production, or ammonia-N concentration. The high nutrient composition, and highly effective degradability of dry matter and crude protein, coupled with the favorable fermentation characteristics, suggest that the amaranth forages showed good to excellent feed quality for cattle.

Covalent Grafting of Poly(l-lactide) to Tune the In Vitro Degradation Rate

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 2492-2496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Källrot ◽  
Ulrica Edlund ◽  
Ann-Christine Albertsson
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Rate ◽  
In Vitro Degradation ◽  
Covalent Grafting

THE ROLE OF CONDENSED TANNINS IN THE DIGESTION OF FRESH Lotus pedunculatus BY SHEEP

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 181-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. N. BARRY
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Hormone Concentration ◽  
Plasma Growth Hormone ◽  
Tannin Concentration ◽  
Lotus Pedunculatus ◽  
Ruminal Digestion

Relative to non-tannin-containing fresh forages, condensed tannins in Lotus pedunculatus increased duodenal N flow and calculated absorption of amino acids from the small intestine, but depressed ruminal digestion of soluble carbohydrate and hemicellulose. Plasma growth hormone concentration was positively and linearly related to forage condensed tannin concentration. Key words: Condensed tannin, nitrogen digestion, growth hormone

scholarly journals Nutritional diversity of Brachiaria ruziziensis clones

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen de Almeida Moreira ◽  
Shirley Motta de Souza ◽  
Alexandre Lima Ferreira ◽  
Thierry Ribeiro Tomich ◽  
José Augusto Gomes Azevêdo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Brachiaria Ruziziensis ◽  
Hierarchical Grouping ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Lower Contribution

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional diversity of Brachiaria ruziziensis clones through chemical composition and in vitro kinetics of ruminal fermentation. Twenty three clones of Brachiaria ruziziensis were used (15, 16, 46, 174, 411, 590, 651, 670, 768, 776, 844, 859, 950, 965, 970, 975, 1067, 1093, 1296, 1765, 1806, 1894 and 1972) and Brachiaria ruziziensis cv. ‘Kennedy’, Brachiaria brizantha cv. ‘Marandu’ and Brachiaria decumbens cv. ‘Basilisk’ as controls within 27 days of harvesting. The experimental design used randomized blocks with 26 treatments (genotypes) and three replications. Evaluation of the nutritional divergence was performed using principal components analysis, based on the following discriminatory variables: in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), lignin, crude protein (CP), degradation rate of non-fibrous carbohydrates (KdNFC) and degradation rate of fibrous carbohydrates (KdFC). The evaluation of the nutritional diversity of Brachiaria genotypes was based on the two main components (IVDMD and NDF), which explains 96.2% of the total variance Variables of lower contribution to the discrimination of the clones were as degradation rates of the fibrous and non-fibrous carbohydrates. In the agglomerative hierarchical grouping analysis, five distinct groups were identified, where V group, formed by clones 46, 768 and 1067 have higher values of IVDMD compared to the other clones.

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