Some Observations on the Endocrine Systems in the Embryos of Anacridium aegyptium, L. (OrthoptheraAcrididae) II- The Neurosecretory cells and corpora Cardiaca and Corpora allata

1974 ◽  
pp. 119-132
Author(s):  
Süheyla KÜÇÜKEKŞİ
Keyword(s):  
Neurosecretory Cells ◽  
Corpora Allata ◽  
Corpora Cardiaca

Activity of the Corpora Allata during Pupal Diapause in Mimas tiliae (Lepidoptera)

1958 ◽  
Vol s3-99 (46) ◽  
pp. 171-180
Author(s):  
K.C. HIGHNAM
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Neurosecretory Cells ◽  
Corpora Allata ◽  
Histological Observation ◽  
Corpora Cardiaca ◽  
Pupal Diapause ◽  
The Brain

Histological observation indicates that the corpora allata of Mimas tiliae are secretory during pupal diapause, but become inactive by the end of the low-temperature period which terminates diapause. Removal of the corpora allata, together with the corpora cardiaca, from the diapausing pupa increases the thickness of the hypodermis and decreases the number of fat-body inclusions (compared with operated controls), but does not result in any visible signs of diapause break. The oxygen uptake of the pupa increases by about 60% by the end of the low-temperature period, compared with the diapausing pupa. It is probable that the corpora allata play some part in the maintenance of diapause, possibly by exercising some control over the fat-body metabolism. This role is subservient to that of the neurosecretory cells in the brain, together with their associated corpora cardiaca.

A neuroendocrine relationship between the nematode Hammerschmidtiella diesingi and its insect host, Blatta orientalis

Parasitology ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Neurosecretory Cells ◽  
Corpora Allata ◽  
Insect Host ◽  
Histological Studies ◽  
Corpora Cardiaca ◽  
Blatta Orientalis ◽  
Adult Nematode ◽  
Median Neurosecretory Cells ◽  
Reproductive Processes ◽  
Terminal Oocyte

Various endocrine operations were performed on the adult female cockroach Blatta orientalis and the adult populations of the nematode Hammerschmidtiella diesingi were recorded 2 or 4 weeks later. Cautery of the median neurosecretory cells (m.n.c.) caused a significant reduction in total numbers of adult nematodes after 2 or 4 weeks; after 2 weeks, removal of the retrocerebral complex (corpora cardiaca plus corpora allata) caused a significant overall reduction in the adult nematode burden and this could not be prevented by reimplanting the corpora allata immediately after the retrocerebral complex had been removed.Anomalies appeared in the data when the sex of the parasite was examined and this may be related to a possible postembryonic mode of sex determination.Both m.n.c. cautery and removal of the retrocerebral complex suppressed host terminal oocyte development and ootheca production, whilst reimplantation of corpora allata into ‘retrocerebralectomized’ cockroaches allowed reproductive processes to continue normally. Hence, the m.n.c. and corpora allata are essential for host egg development.Histological studies showed a profound reduction in fuchsinophilic material in the corpora cardiaca of m.n.c. cauterized cockroaches.Although the m.n.c. may affect the nematode directly or indirectly, a direct effect on the parasite by the corpora allata is unlikely.

Morphology and histology of the cephalic endocrine glands of the damselfly, Coenagrion angulatum Walker (Zygoptera: Odonata)

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1187-1192
Author(s):  
C. Gillott
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Maturation ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
Neurosecretory Cells ◽  
Corpora Allata ◽  
Single Pair ◽  
General Shape ◽  
Corpora Cardiaca ◽  
Ventral Glands ◽  
The Brain

In Coenagrion angulatum Walk. there is a single group of neurosecretory cells, median in position, on each side of the brain. The A- and B-type cells are intermingled within each group and their axons form a single pair of nerves to the corpora cardiaca. No pattern of secretory activity is discernible in the B cells. The A cells of mature nymphs and newly emerged adults are loaded with fuchsinophilic droplets but the amount of stainable material decreases as sexual maturation proceeds. A corresponding change in the location and amount of fuchsinophilic material takes place in the corpora cardiaca. In the mature nymph and young adult there is much material distributed throughout the gland. During sexual maturation it becomes less in quantity and restricted to a position adjacent to the aorta wall. A pair of stout, strongly fuchsinophilic nerves leaves the anterior end of the corpora cardiaca and passes ventrolaterally. These bypass the corpora allata and enter the thorax. Their point of termination has not been determined in this study. The corpora allata are small, roundish-oval bodies in the mature juvenile and newly emerged adult damselfly. While retaining their general shape they increase in volume several fold as sexual maturation takes place. The ventral glands are large, lobular structures in mature nymphs. Immediately after emergence they shrink and their cells become pycnotic. Generally by the fourth day of adult life they have disappeared. The results of this study are discussed in relation to those of other authors for the Odonata.

Levels of tryptophan, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and dopamine in some tissues of the cockroach Periplaneta americana

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (12) ◽  
pp. 2669-2673 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Duff Sloley ◽  
Roger G. H. Downer ◽  
Cedric Gillott
Keyword(s):  
Nervous Tissue ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Periplaneta Americana ◽  
Corpora Allata ◽  
Suboesophageal Ganglion ◽  
Corpora Cardiaca ◽  
Thoracic Ganglia ◽  
Frontal Ganglion ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Immunohistochemical Studies

Tryptophan, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and dopamine were measured in the frontal ganglion, corpora cardiaca, corpora allata, nerves of the suboesophageal ganglion, nerves of the thoracic ganglia, gut, testes, and ovaries of the cockroach Periplaneta americana using high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. 5-Hydroxytryptamine was demonstrated in the frontal ganglion, corpora cardiaca, corpora allata, and nerves of the suboesophageal ganglion but not in the gut, testes, ovaries, or nerves of the thoracic ganglia. These results quantitatively confirm immunohistochemical studies of 5-hydroxytryptamine in neurohaemal and nonneuronal tissues of the cockroach. Dopamine was found in all neurohaemal and nervous tissue examined. Dopamine was also found at low levels in the rectum. Tryptophan was found in all tissues examined.

Changes in cell number and activity of the corpora allata of the cockroach Diploptera punctata: a role for mating and the ovary

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 2178-2182 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Tobe ◽  
N. Clarke ◽  
B. Stay ◽  
R. P. Ruegg
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Hormone ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Neurosecretory Cells ◽  
Corpora Allata ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Gonotrophic Cycle ◽  
Biosynthetic Activity ◽  
Diploptera Punctata ◽  
Number Of Cells ◽  
Mated Female

The corpora allata (CA) of mated female Diploptera punctata showed an increase in cell number from 6000 cells/CA on the day of emergence to a maximum of about 9000 cells/CA by day 5. The number of cells per CA then declined and, by day 8, the CA was composed of about 6000 cells. In the normal mated animal, the previously established increase in biosynthetic activity of the CA correlated with the increase in number of cells in the CA. In virgin females no significant change in cell number was observed during this period and this correlates with the demonstrated low and constant rates of juvenile hormone (JH) biosynthesis. Following ovariectomy, however, an increase in cell number occurred (to 10 000 cells/CA) by day 5 and cell number remained elevated until at least day 8. Low rates of JH biosynthesis have been observed previously in ovariectomized females and thus the increase in cell number observed in these females is not accompanied by a corresponding increase in biosynthetic activity. The cell number of the CA in ovariectomized females was reduced by injection of 20-hydroxyecdysone. We propose that either mating or surgical removal of inhibitory signals from cerebral neurosecretory cells permits the proliferation of the cells of the CA. We also propose that factors from the ovary are responsible for both the initiation of the cycle of JH biosynthesis and the reduction of CA cell number at the end of the gonotrophic cycle.

The Stomodaeal Nervous System, Neurosecretion, and Related Endocrine and Nervous Structures in Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae)

1964 ◽  
Vol 96 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 105-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Burgess ◽  
J. G. Rempel
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Common Property ◽  
Neurosecretory Cells ◽  
Corpora Allata ◽  
Prothoracic Gland ◽  
Neurosecretory Material ◽  
Purple Colour ◽  
Aldehyde Fuchsin ◽  
The Common

This exhibit represents some portions of a study of the stomodaeal nervous system, neurosecretory cells, corpora allata, corpora cardiaca, and prothoracic gland cells in post-embryonic stages of Aedes aegypti (L.), the yellow fever mosquito. Some of these structures share the common property of being involved in the production of hormones.Mosquitoes were reared under standard conditions. Larvae, pupae and adults were fixed at timed intervals in histological fixatives. Sectioned specimens were stained in Gomori's aldehyde-fuchsin, Gomori's chrome-haematoxyh-phloxin and other stains. The aldehyde-fuchsin technique, which imparted a bright purple colour to neurosecretory material, was particularly useful. Vita1 staining with methylene blue was used to trace the stomodaeal nervous system

The effect of feeding on the cerebral neurosecretory system of the adult male tsetse, Glossina austeni Newst

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (9) ◽  
pp. 1988-1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Grossman ◽  
K. G. Davey
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Neurosecretory Cells ◽  
Neurosecretory System ◽  
Neurosecretory Material ◽  
Corpus Cardiacum ◽  
Pars Intercerebralis ◽  
Corpora Cardiaca ◽  
Glossina Austeni ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

An analysis of the intensity of staining of the corpus cardiacum and of the neurosecretorty cells of the pars intercerebralis in 3-day-old fed or fasting adult male tsetse has revealed two periods of apparent release of neurosecretion. In fed males, stainable neurosecretion disappears from 14 of the 20 recognizable neurosecretory cells within 10 min of the termination of feeding. There is always less neurosecretory material in the corpora cardiaca of fed males. Secondly, there is an indication of a depletion of material from the cardiaca of both fed and fasted males at about 1700 hours EST.

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