The effect of feeding on the cerebral neurosecretory system of the adult male tsetse, Glossina austeni Newst

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (9) ◽  
pp. 1988-1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Grossman ◽  
K. G. Davey
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Neurosecretory Cells ◽  
Neurosecretory System ◽  
Neurosecretory Material ◽  
Corpus Cardiacum ◽  
Pars Intercerebralis ◽  
Corpora Cardiaca ◽  
Glossina Austeni ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

An analysis of the intensity of staining of the corpus cardiacum and of the neurosecretorty cells of the pars intercerebralis in 3-day-old fed or fasting adult male tsetse has revealed two periods of apparent release of neurosecretion. In fed males, stainable neurosecretion disappears from 14 of the 20 recognizable neurosecretory cells within 10 min of the termination of feeding. There is always less neurosecretory material in the corpora cardiaca of fed males. Secondly, there is an indication of a depletion of material from the cardiaca of both fed and fasted males at about 1700 hours EST.

The Histology of the Neurosecretory System of the Adult Female Desert Locust, Schistocerca gregaria

1961 ◽  
Vol s3-102 (57) ◽  
pp. 27-38
Author(s):  
K. C. HIGHNAM
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Neurosecretory System ◽  
Neurosecretory Material ◽  
Desert Locust ◽  
Pars Intercerebralis ◽  
Secretory Cycle ◽  
Corpora Cardiaca ◽  
D Cells ◽  
A And B Cells

The pars intercerebralis of the brain of the desert locust contains about 2,400 cells in two groups, which stain with chrome-haematoxylin-phloxin and with paraldehydefuchsin. On the basis of differences in size and staining reactions, four types of cell, called A-, B-, C-, and D-cells may be differentiated. The A- and B-cells produce different kinds of material; they are not thought to be stages in a secretory cycle. The C- and D-cells are probably not neurosecretory. The corpora cardiaca are divided into two regions. One part stores neurosecretory material from the pars intercerebralis and the other is glandular in appearance. Material discharged from the A- and B-cells in the immature female passes along the nervi corporis cardiaci I to the anterior parts of the corpora cardiaca. The mature female is characterized by the presence of very much larger amounts of material in the corpora cardiaca, in the nervi corporis cardiaci I, and in the A-cells of the pars intercerebralis. The significance of this larger amount of material with respect to neurosecretory cell activity is discussed.

Changes in the neurosecretory cells, corpus cardiacum and corpus allatum during pregnancy in Glossina austeni Newst. (Diptera, Glossinidae)

1974 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Ejezie ◽  
K. G. Davey
Keyword(s):  
Neurosecretory Cells ◽  
Corpus Allatum ◽  
Corpus Cardiacum ◽  
Pars Intercerebralis ◽  
Histological Sections ◽  
Glossina Austeni ◽  
Histological Appearance ◽  
Median Neurosecretory Cells ◽  
Cyclic Changes ◽  
Net Release

AbstractThe neurosecretory cells of the pars intercerebralis, the corpus cardiacum and the corpus allatum were examined in histological sections of Glossina austeni Newst. females fixed at daily intervals over the first two cycles of pregnancy. Two groups of neurosecretory cells corresponding to the lateral and median cells of other insects were recognised. The median neurosecretory cells were found to undergo cyclic changes of net synthesis and net release, which were correlated with ovulation and larviposition. The single ellipsoid corpus allatum undergoes cyclic changes in volume and histological appearance which are correlated with changes in the volume of the milk gland.

Secretory Structures associated with the Neurosecretory System of the Immature Scorpion, Heterometrus swammerdami

1961 ◽  
Vol s3-102 (60) ◽  
pp. 475-479
Author(s):  
MOHAMMAD HABIBULLA
Keyword(s):  
Composite Structure ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
Neurosecretory System ◽  
Neurosecretory Material ◽  
Corpus Cardiacum ◽  
Secretory Structures ◽  
Moult Stage ◽  
Prothoracic Glands ◽  
Frontal Ganglion ◽  
Rostral Region

Certain previously unknown structures, probably endocrine in nature, are described. The blind ‘end-organ’ which is present and shows signs of activity in the pre-moult stage shows no noticeable sign of activity in the post-moult stage. In certain respects it is comparable to the ‘anterior organ’ of spiders, which has been homologized with the prothoracic glands of insects. In the rostral region of the scorpion, where the rostral nerve ramifies, an accumulation of leucocytes is found; these show signs of secretory activity. Both at the origin of the rostral nerve and also where it ramifies, neurosecretory material is seen. This rostral structure is comparable in certain aspects with the rostral organ of spiders. Leucocytes occur not only in the rostral organ but also in association with the ‘endorgan’. The presence of two ganglionic masses, above and below the stomodaeal commissure, suggests the possibility of the sympathetic (stomatogastric) ganglion of the scorpion being a composite structure consisting of the frontal ganglion, the corpus cardiacum, and possibly the hypocerebral ganglion. A hypocerebral ganglion is absent in the adult.

Humoral Regulation of the Cerebral Neurosecretory System of Rhodnius Prolixus (Stal.) During Growth and Moulting

1973 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-187
Author(s):  
C. G. H. STEEL
Keyword(s):  
Critical Period ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Feedback Regulation ◽  
Neurosecretory Cells ◽  
Corpus Allatum ◽  
Neurosecretory System ◽  
Neurosecretory Material ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cytological Changes ◽  
The Brain

1. In normal fifth instar Rhodnius the cytological changes occurring in the medial neurosecretory cells (MNC) of the brain are very different before and after the ‘critical period’ for decapitation. 2. When a decapitated insect which has reached the ‘critical period’ (8 days after feeding) is joined in parabiosis to an insect with an intact cerebral endocrine system and which has not yet reached the ‘critical period’ (1 day after feeding) the MNC of the younger insect are induced to switch over from their normal sequence of cytological changes to those characteristic of the older insect. The induced changes do not occur in normal insects of the same age or in insects joined in parabiosis to others of the same age. 3. The nature of the changes indicates that release of stainable neurosecretory material is inhibited and its synthesis stimulated by the older insect. It is inferred that the haemolymph of insects which have reached the ‘critical period’ contains a factor which induces in the MNC an inhibition of release and a stimulation of synthesis. These are the events which occur in the MNC of normal insects at the critical period. 4. Considerable circumstantial evidence suggests that the factor is ecdysone. It may act either directly on the brain or on the corpus allatum. Its contribution to a feedback regulation of the endocrine system controlling growth and moulting is discussed.

Projection of FMRFamide-like neuropeptide-producing neurosecretory cells from silkworm brain into ventral nerve cord and retrocerebral complex

2012 ◽  
Vol 144 (3) ◽  
pp. 458-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Yong Kim ◽  
Hwa Young Song ◽  
Mi Young Kim ◽  
Pil Don Kang ◽  
Min Ho Cha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Hormone ◽  
Bombyx Mori ◽  
Nerve Cord ◽  
Ventral Nerve Cord ◽  
Neurosecretory Cells ◽  
Single Pair ◽  
Corpus Cardiacum ◽  
Pars Intercerebralis ◽  
Median Region ◽  
The Brain

AbstractUsing immunostaining methodology, we traced the axonal projection of FMRFamide (Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2)-like immunoreactive (LI) medial neurosecretory cells (MNCs) and lateral neurosecretory cells (LNCs) from the brain into the ventral nerve cord (VNC) and retrocerebral complex in Bombyx mori (L.) (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae). Of the seven pairs of FMRFamide-LI MNCs, one pair extended its axons from the brain pars intercerebralis into the VNC ipsilateral connective where they appeared to terminate. The axons of the remaining MNCs ran through decussation in the brain median region and contralateral nervi corporis cardiaci (NCC) I out of the brain, and eventually innervated the contralateral corpus cardiacum (CC). Axons from the single pair of FMRFamide-LI LNCs projected into the ipsilateral NCC II fused with NCC I without decussation in the brain, and finally terminated in the CC. These results suggest that transport of the FMRFamide-like neuropeptide from may be related to the modulation of functions such as gut contraction in MNCs terminating in the VNC, and regulation of production and/or secretion of specific hormones such as juvenile hormone in MNCs and LNCs terminating in the CC.

The influence of the brain hormone on retention of blood in the mid-gut of the mosquito Aedes aegypti (L.) - II. Early elimination following removal of the medial neurosecretory cells of the brain

1978 ◽  
Vol 202 (1147) ◽  
pp. 307-311 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Oocyte Maturation ◽  
Blood Meal ◽  
Neurosecretory Cells ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Corpus Cardiacum ◽  
Egg Development ◽  
Pars Intercerebralis ◽  
The Brain

Development of the oöcytes beyond the resting stage to maturity in mosquitoes is triggered by an egg development neurosecretory hormone from the brain. This hormone is produced by the medial neurosecretory cells of the pars intercerebralis, and in anautogenous species is stored in the corpus cardiacum until a blood-meal is taken. Removal of the head of the mosquito Aedes aegypti (L.), shortly after completion of a blood-meal, has previously been shown not only to prevent oöcyte maturation, but also to result in early elimination of the blood-meal. The work described in this paper shows that it is a factor originating in the medial neuro­-secretory cells, presumably egg development neurosecretory hormone, which is essential if the blood-meal is to be retained in the mid-gut until the oöcytes are nearing maturity.

Régulations aminergique et cholinergique du système caudal neurosécréteur de l'omble de fontaine, Salvelinus fontinalis, en relation avec l'osmo-iono-regulation

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 2856-2867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Gauthier ◽  
Céline Audet ◽  
Gaston Chevalier
Keyword(s):  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Neurosecretory Cells ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Synthetic Activity ◽  
Neurosecretory System ◽  
Neurosecretory Material ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Caudal Neurosecretory System

The innervation of the caudal neurosecretory system of the brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis, was studied under light and electron microscopy in order to characterize its nature, distribution, and regulatory function over the activity of the caudal neurosecretory cells. A dual innervation of the cell bodies and axons of neurosecretory cells was disclosed. One type of axosomatic connection exhibited small lucent vesicles and large dense-cored granules. These boutons were identified as monoaminergic since they appeared depleted after reserpine treatment and they were selectively labeled with 5-OH-dopamine. In fish exposed to demineralized water, reserpine induced a condition that stimulated the synthetic activity of caudal neurosecretory cells, a clear reduction of this activity, according to morphometric (cell and nucleus diameters) and ultrastructural criteria (dimensions of the Golgi complex). By comparison, no significant variation of the synthetic activity was noted in freshwater-adapted trout treated with reserpine. A second type of innervation was also identified as cholinergic by histochemical localization of acetylcholinesterase. Electron microscopic analysis also revealed axosomatic and axoaxonic cholinergic synaptic connections with characteristic small 500-Å diameter lucent vesicles. The injection of fenitrothion, an anticholinesterase agent, enhanced discharge of neurosecretory material from axonal endings of caudal cells while the synthetic activity did not appear to be modified. Our findings suggest an important role of aminergic and cholinergic controls over the response of the caudal neurosecretory system of Salvelinus fontinalis during hyperosmotic adaptation.

Neurosecretory Control of Ovarian Development in Schistocerca Gregaria

1962 ◽  
Vol s3-103 (61) ◽  
pp. 57-72
Author(s):  
K. C. HIGHNAM
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Development ◽  
Schistocerca Gregaria ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Neurosecretory Cells ◽  
Oocyte Development ◽  
Neurosecretory System ◽  
Desert Locust ◽  
Pars Intercerebralis ◽  
Terminal Oocyte ◽  
Old Females

Cautery of the neurosecretory cells of the pars intercerebralis, or removal of the corpora cardiaca, will prevent the development of the terminal oocytes in the ovaries of the desert locust. Implantation of brains into females whose neurosecretory cells have been cauterized results in some development of the terminal oocytes. Ovariectomy of immature females causes a precocious accumulation of material in the neurosecretory system. Electrical stimulation, drastic wounding, or enforced activity of 14-day-old females reared without males brings about release of material from the neurosecretory system, and also accelerates development of the terminal oocytes. Copulation by these females also results in release of material from the neurosecretory system, and is followed by rapid terminal oocyte development. It is concluded that the neurosecretory system in Schistocerca gregaria exerts a positive control over oocyte development, and that copulation may stimulate release of material from the neurosecretory system.

Neurosecretion and water balance in Cenocorixa bifida (Hung.) (Hemiptera, Corixidae)

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (10) ◽  
pp. 1369-1375 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Jarial ◽  
G. G. E. Scudder
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Type A ◽  
Neurosecretory Cells ◽  
Considerable Reduction ◽  
Dorsal Aorta ◽  
Neurosecretory Material ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Pars Intercerebralis ◽  
Neuroendocrine Control ◽  
Control Comparison

The type A neurosecretory cells of the pars intercerebralis in C. bifida have axons that pass direct to the region of the dorsal aorta. When insects are in their normal hyposmotic medium, these protocerebral NSC have moderate amounts of neurosecretory material. In isosmotic or hyperosmotic media there is a considerable reduction in stainable material, whereas when they are in distilled water, the protocerebral NSC stain deeply, the cells being loaded with neurosecretory material. The depletion of neurosecretory material under potential dehydration conditions strongly suggest that water balance in C. bifida is under neuroendocrine control. Comparison with the described conditions in other insects suggests that the protocerebral NSC in C. bifida produce an antidiuretic principle.

Activation of the peptidergic neurosecretory system in Diphyllobothrium dendriticum (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidea)

Parasitology ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaretha K. S. Gustafsson ◽  
Marianne C. Wikgren
Keyword(s):  
Neurosecretory Cells ◽  
Final Host ◽  
Fish Host ◽  
Neurosecretory System ◽  
Weak Reaction ◽  
Diphyllobothrium Dendriticum ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Short Times

SUMMARYThe activation of the peptidergic neurosecretory system in Diphyllobothrium dendriticum was studied following cultivation of plerocercoids for short times in vitro and in vivo. In the plerocercoid the neurosecretory cells gave a very weak reaction with paraldehyde fuchsin (PAF). After cultivation for 1 h large numbers of neurosecretory cells filled with PAF-positive granules were evident. The significance of the activation of the neurosecretory system during the transfer of the worm from the cold-blooded fish host to the warm-blooded final host is discussed.

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