Levels of tryptophan, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and dopamine in some tissues of the cockroach Periplaneta americana

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (12) ◽  
pp. 2669-2673 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Duff Sloley ◽  
Roger G. H. Downer ◽  
Cedric Gillott
Keyword(s):  
Nervous Tissue ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Periplaneta Americana ◽  
Corpora Allata ◽  
Suboesophageal Ganglion ◽  
Corpora Cardiaca ◽  
Thoracic Ganglia ◽  
Frontal Ganglion ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Immunohistochemical Studies

Tryptophan, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and dopamine were measured in the frontal ganglion, corpora cardiaca, corpora allata, nerves of the suboesophageal ganglion, nerves of the thoracic ganglia, gut, testes, and ovaries of the cockroach Periplaneta americana using high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. 5-Hydroxytryptamine was demonstrated in the frontal ganglion, corpora cardiaca, corpora allata, and nerves of the suboesophageal ganglion but not in the gut, testes, ovaries, or nerves of the thoracic ganglia. These results quantitatively confirm immunohistochemical studies of 5-hydroxytryptamine in neurohaemal and nonneuronal tissues of the cockroach. Dopamine was found in all neurohaemal and nervous tissue examined. Dopamine was also found at low levels in the rectum. Tryptophan was found in all tissues examined.

Localization of the Pupal Melanization Reducing Factor of Inachis io (L.) and Comparison with Melanization and Reddish Coloration Hormone

1994 ◽  
Vol 49 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 476-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Starnecker ◽  
P. B. Koch ◽  
S. Matsumoto ◽  
T. Mitsui ◽  
D. Bückmann
Keyword(s):  
Corpora Allata ◽  
Pheromone Biosynthesis ◽  
Color Adaptation ◽  
Suboesophageal Ganglion ◽  
Corpora Cardiaca ◽  
Thoracic Ganglia ◽  
Pseudaletia Separata ◽  
Inachis Io ◽  
Pheromone Biosynthesis Activating Neuropeptide ◽  
The Brain

In Inachis io, a pupal melanization reducing factor (PMRF) which controls morphological color adaptation is located in the brain, suboesophageal ganglion, thoracic ganglia, and all abdominal ganglia. Higher PMRF amounts were extracted from abdominal ganglia than from the anterior ganglia. No PMRF activity could be found in the Corpora cardiaca-Corpora allata complex, in segmentally branching nerves of abdominal ganglia and their connectives. Extracts from brain-thoracic ganglia and abdominal ganglia complex of I. io contained also a factor with melanization and reddish coloration hormone (MRCH) activity in Pseudaletia separata and with pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (PBAN) activity in Bom-byx mori. However, injection of synthetic Pseudaletia pheromonotropin (Pss-PT) (= Pss-MRCH) into prepupae of I. io did not yield a melanization reducing effect. Therefore, PMRF and the PBAN/MRCH related neuropeptides seem to be different molecules. The PBAN-like factor from I. io is possibly related to the myotropins and pyrokinins of insects

scholarly journals Neuromuscular systems in the fifth instar larva of silkworm Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae): I-Cephalothoracic musculature and its innervation

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-209
Author(s):  
S. Sivaprasad ◽  
P. Muralimohan
Keyword(s):  
Bombyx Mori ◽  
Instar Larva ◽  
Compound Eyes ◽  
Suboesophageal Ganglion ◽  
Ventral Region ◽  
Thoracic Ganglia ◽  
Neuromuscular Systems ◽  
Frontal Ganglion ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Silkworm Bombyx Mori

The cephalo-thoracic musculature of the fifth instar larva of Bombyx mori comprises distinct groups of segmental muscle bands arranged in a stereotyped pattern. It includes dorsal, ventral, tergopleural, tergocoxal, lateral intersegmental, pleurosternal, sternocoxal, pleurocoxal and spiracular muscles. The cephalothoracic segments are innervated by the nerves of brain, suboesophageal ganglion (SG) and three thoracic ganglia (TG1, TG2, TG3).The brain gives nerves for compound eyes, antennae, labrum, frontal ganglion and the integument in the head. The SG, TG1,TG2,and TG3 give out a pair of lateral segmental nerves each, called the dorsal (DN) and ventral (VN) nerves. The DN of SG innervates muscles in the cephalic region, while its VN innervates muscles in the prothorax. The DN of thoracic ganglia innervates muscles in the dorsal, lateral and ventral regions of the hemi-segment while the VN innervates muscles in the ventral region. The innervation pattern indicates the presence of mixed nerves and multiple innervations that facilitate coordinated body movements and locomotion.

N-acetylation of p-octopamine by Malpighian tubules and other tissues of the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana L., in vitro

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 1495-1499 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Martin ◽  
R. G. H. Downer
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Incubation Medium ◽  
Nervous Tissue ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Periplaneta Americana ◽  
Primary Site ◽  
Malpighian Tubules ◽  
American Cockroach ◽  
Metabolic Route

The capacity of several tissues of the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana, to remove p-octopamine from incubation medium was investigated using high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection to monitor levels of p-octopamine and the N-acetylated derivative. Gut was the most active tissue in removing p-octopamine from the medium and separate analyses of the various regions of the gut indicate that the Malpighian tubules constitute the primary site of removal. Epidermal and nervous tissue are also capable of removing substantial amounts of p-octopamine. In addition to the removal of p-octopamine, Malpighian tubules remove dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine from incubation medium and, indeed, have a slightly greater capacity for removing these monoamines than for removing p-octopamine. However, concentrations of each amine that are considerably in excess of physiological levels do not saturate the system. Most of the p-octopamine removed by the gut tissue undergoes N-acetylation to form N-acetyl-p-octopamine; thus, this appears to be the primary degradation metabolic route for p-octopamine. Analysis of the faeces following injection of p-octopamine demonstrated the presence of both p-octopamine and the N-acetylated derivative.

Abundant distribution of locustatachykinin-like peptide in the nervous system and intestine of the cockroach Leucophaea maderae

1995 ◽  
Vol 348 (1326) ◽  
pp. 423-444 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Endocrine Cells ◽  
Muscle Layer ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Thoracic Ganglia ◽  
Leucophaea Maderae ◽  
Additional Cell ◽  
Frontal Ganglion ◽  
The Brain

An antiserum raised to the locust neuropeptide locustatachykinin I (LomTK I) was used for analysis of the distribution of tachykinin-related peptide in the cockroach Leucophaea maderae . Extracts of dissected brains, suboesophageal ganglia, thoracic ganglia and midguts were separated by high performance liquid chromatography and the fractions analysed in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with use of the LomTK antiserum. Each of the tissues was found to contain LomTK-like immunoreactive (LomTK-LI) components with retention times corresponding approximately to synthetic LomTK I and II and callitachykinins I and II. The LomTK antiserum was also used for immunocytochemical mapping of peptide in the nervous system and intestine of L.maderae . A large number of LomTK-LI interneurons were detected in the proto-, deuto- and tritocerebrum of the brain and in the suboesophaegeal ganglion. The immunoreactive neurons supply processes to most parts of the brain: the central body, protocerebral bridge, mushroom body calyces, antennal lobes, optic lobe and most regions of the non-glomerular neuropil. A few protocerebral neurons send LomTK-LI processes to the glandular lobe of the corpora cardiaca. In each of the thoracic ganglia there are six LomTK-LI interneurons and in each of the unfused abdominal ones there are two interneurons. The fused terminal ganglion contains some additional cell bodies in the posterior neuromers. LomTK-LI cell bodies were detected in the frontal ganglion and fibres were seen in this ganglion as well as in the hypocerebral ganglion. The frontal ganglion supplies LomTK-LI processes to the muscle layer of the pharynx. The muscle layer of the midgut is innervated by LomTK-LI fibres from the stomatogastric system (oesophageal nerve and associated ganglia). Additionally the midgut contains numerous LomTK-LI endocrine cells. A number of the pharyngeal dilator muscles were also found to be innervated by LomTK-LI fibres, probably derived from cell bodies in the suboesophageal ganglion. All the LomTK-LI neurons of the central nervous system appear to be interneurons, suggesting a neuromodulatory role of the endogenous tachykinins. The tachykinin-like peptides from peripheral ganglia may be involved in the control of foregut and midgut contractility and possibly the peptide of the endocrine cells in the midgut has additional actions related to intestinal function.

Morphology and Histology of the Neuroendocrine System of Bombus fervidus Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

1966 ◽  
Vol 98 (12) ◽  
pp. 1329-1337 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. Crosswhite ◽  
J. T. Medler
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Cord ◽  
Ventral Nerve Cord ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Neuroendocrine System ◽  
Corpora Allata ◽  
Corpora Cardiaca ◽  
Frontal Ganglion ◽  
Secretory Products

AbstractThe following organs were investigated histologically for evidence of neurosecretion during the adult life of Bombus fervidus queens: supra- and sub-oesophageal ganglia, frontal ganglion, ventral nerve cord, corpora cardiaca, and corpora allata. The anatomy and histology of these organs are described, along with the secretory products found in the median neurosccrerory cells. A type of neurosecretion that seems unique to Hymenoptera and that appears later in the life of the queen is discussed.

The internal anatomy of the woodlouse, Metoponorthus pruinosus (Brandt), (Porcellionidae, Peracarida)

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Alikhan
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
The Body ◽  
Internal Anatomy ◽  
Suboesophageal Ganglion ◽  
Digestive Tube ◽  
Thoracic Ganglia ◽  
Digestive Glands

Tbe circulatory system, lying in the mid-dorsal line of the body, consists of an oval heart, the opthalmic artery, and a dorsal abdominal artery.The digestive system comprises a wide, large alimentary tube and two pairs of digestive glands. An oesophagus, a proventriculus, midgut, and a short proctodacum or hindgut form the digestive tube. The digestive glands are very well developed and are beaded in form; each pair lies on either side of the alimentary canal.The reproductive organs are well developed in both sexes: in the male they consist of paired testes and their vas deferentia, and in the female paired bilobed ovaries and oviducts.A cerebral or supraoesophageal ganglion, a suboesophageal ganglion, and seven thoracic ganglia form the nervous system. The supraoesophageal ganglion is united with the suboesophageal ganglion by means of the circumoesophageal commissures, whereas the thoracic ganglia and suboesophageal ganglia are linked with each other by paired connectives.The gills and the tracheae are the organs of respiration. The gills are borne of the bases of the pleopods and are enclosed in the branchial chamber. The tracheae are located on the lateral lobes of the first two pleopods only.

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