Draft Reduction of Bare Root Nursery Stock Digger Blades

Canada's western provinces must develop new reforestation techniques if forest management is to be intensified, and if forest renewal is to keep pace with the accelerated rate of harvesting. The challenge can be met if labor productivity is significantly increased through mechanization of planting. Container planting methods can improve manual planting performance and provide the basis for ultimate mechanization.Container planting methods as developed in Canada may be defined as reforestation systems whereby tree seedlings are grown, transported and planted in small containers. Several types, sizes and shapes of containers are being investigated but, for reasons of economy in bulk and weight, all are characterized by a tiny soil capacity usually not exceeding three cubic inches. The small size and uniform shape of container-grown seedlings permits manual planting rates two to three times faster than those possible by mattock planting conventional bare-root nursery stock. The principal biological advantage of container methods is the capability of protecting the seedling and delivering it to the planting site with all of its roots intact and viable.Large-scale container field trials are underway in all four provinces, but few conclusive results are yet available. Deficiencies in containers or techniques that have come to light are being overcome. As biologically acceptable methods emerge, efforts should be channelled toward developing equipment for automating and mechanizing both the nursery and planting phases.

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Midwestern Retail Garden Centers Identify Satisfaction/Dissatisfaction with Supplying Wholesale Nurseries

Journal of Environmental Horticulture ◽

10.24266/0738-2898-16.4.243 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 243-247

Author(s):

J.K. Iles ◽

W.R. Graves ◽

A.S. Aiello ◽

C.L. Haynes ◽

K.E. Stone

Keyword(s):

Plant Materials ◽

Bedding Plants ◽

Herbaceous Perennials ◽

Nursery Stock ◽

Root Stock ◽

Bare Root ◽

In Transit ◽

Trees And Shrubs ◽

Wide Assortment

Abstract A survey was conducted to assess the attitudes of Midwestern retail nursery operators concerning current marketing, promotion, sales, and service practices of their wholesale nursery stock suppliers. Completed questionnaires were received from 290 individuals (42.2% response rate). Respondents indicated quality of plant materials (96.5%), availability of plant materials in desired quantities (67.8%), wide assortment of plant materials (53.5%), and price of nursery stock (40.3%) were very important reasons for conducting business with a wholesale supplier. The majority of respondents said they were ‘very satisfied’ with the condition of bare-root trees and shrubs (75.1%), bedding plants (72.9%), herbaceous perennials and ornamental grasses (72.2%), container-grown trees and shrubs (72.0%), and balled-and-burlapped trees and shrubs (67.4%) shipped by their wholesale supplier. Over one-half (56.5%) also said they were ‘very satisfied’ with aquatic plant shipments. On those occasions when plants arrived in unsatisfactory condition, the most frequently cited problems were, dry bare-root stock (34.4%), physically damaged container-grown stock (56.0%) and balled-and-burlapped stock (40.0%), undersized herbaceous plants (20.3%), and aquatic plants damaged in transit (12.1 %). In general, retailers were most favorably impressed with the respectful and helpful way wholesalers attempted to meet their business needs (57.1%). Retailers were most frustrated with shortages, unauthorized substitutions, and last-minute cancellations (31.9%).

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Ectomycorrhizal formation and plantation performance of Douglas-fir nursery stock inoculated with Rhizopogon spores

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x85-100 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 613-617 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Michael A. Castellano ◽

James M. Trappe

Keyword(s):

Application Rate ◽

Douglas Fir ◽

Seed Source ◽

Stem Height ◽

Conifer Species ◽

Root Collar Diameter ◽

Nursery Stock ◽

Collar Diameter ◽

Bare Root ◽

Root Collar

Basidiospores of seven species of hypogeous, ectomycorrhizal fungi were inoculated on four conifer species in a bare-root nursery. Inoculation with either Rhizopogonvinicolor Smith or Rhizopogoncolossus Smith succeeded with two provenances of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco). For R. vinicolor, the high spore-application rate produced the most mycorrhizae on the greatest number of seedlings. For R. colossus, the high spore-application rate produced the most mycorrhizae on the greatest number of seedlings of seed source 062, whereas the medium rate did better with seed source 252. Stem height and root collar diameter of seedling did not differ significantly between treatments and controls. Douglas-fir seedlings inoculated or not inoculated with spores of R. vinicolor were outplanted in southwestern Oregon. After 2 years, inoculated seedlings had significantly greater survival, stem height, root collar diameter, and biomass than noninoculated seedlings. Although new feeder roots of both noninoculated and inoculated seedlings were colonized by indigenous fungi, R. vinicolor persisted on the old root systems of inoculated seedlings and colonized new feeder roots.

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Ectomycorrhizal Fungal Assemblages of Nursery-Grown Scots Pine are Influenced by Age of the Seedlings

Forests ◽

10.3390/f12020134 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 134

Author(s):

Maria Rudawska ◽

Tomasz Leski

Keyword(s):

Scots Pine ◽

Fungal Communities ◽

Planting Stock ◽

Suillus Luteus ◽

Nursery Stock ◽

Ecm Fungi ◽

Forest Nurseries ◽

Bare Root ◽

Wilcoxina Mikolae ◽

High Level

Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is the most widely distributed pine species in Europe and is relevant in terms of planted areas and harvest yields. Therefore, each year the demand for planting stock of Scots pine is exceedingly high, and large quantities of seedlings are produced annually throughout Europe to carry out reforestation and afforestation programs. Abundant and diverse ectomycorrhizal (ECM) symbiosis is critical for the success of seedlings once planted in the field. To improve our knowledge of ECM fungi that inhabit bare-root nursery stock of Scots pine and understand factors that influence their diversity, we studied the assemblages of ECM fungi present across 23 bare-root forest nurseries in Poland. Nursery stock samples were characterized by a high level of ECM colonization (nearly 100%), and a total of 29 ECM fungal taxa were found on 1- and 2-year-old seedlings. The diversity of the ECM community depended substantially on the nursery and age of the seedlings, and species richness varied from 3–10 taxa on 1-year-old seedlings and 6–13 taxa on 2-year-old seedlings. The ECM fungal communities that developed on the studied nursery stock were characterized by the prevalence of Ascomycota over Basidiomycota members on 1-year-old seedlings. All ecological indices (diversity, dominance, and evenness) were significantly affected by age of the seedlings, most likely because dominant ECM morphotypes on 1-year-old seedlings (Wilcoxina mikolae) were replaced by other dominant ones (e.g., Suillus luteus, Rhizopogon roseolus, Thelephora terrestris, Hebeloma crustuliniforme), mostly from Basidiomycota, on 2-year-old seedlings. Across all nurseries, negative correlations were identified for diversity metrics and soil N or C, indicating that mineral and organic fertilization contributes to the differences in the ECM fungal communities in nurseries. We discuss the ecological and practical implications of the composition and diversity of ECM fungi occurring on bare-root planting stock of Scots pine.

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355A COMPARISON OF REGIONAL CONSUMER PREFERENCES FOR PACKAGING OF NURSERY STOCK

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.29.5.481f ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 29 (5) ◽

pp. 481f-482

Author(s):

Houchang Khatamian ◽

Alan Stevens

Keyword(s):

Los Angeles ◽

Kansas City ◽

Consumer Preferences ◽

The Other ◽

Landscape Plants ◽

Plastic Package ◽

Nursery Stock ◽

Bare Root ◽

Ornamental Shrubs

During the Spring of 1992 a survey of over 2000 respondants was conducted as personal interviews at Flower/Garden Shows in Atlanta, Kansas City, Los Angeles, Philadelphia and Portland. When asked how the plants you buy are packaged? Nine percent of the Los Angeles (LA) sample said they purchased trees as balled and burlapped (B & B) while over 40% of the consumers from the other regions purchased trees as B & B. Over 40% of all respondents purchased shrubs in “container”. When asked how would you like to have landscape plants packaged? While only 31% of the LA sample chose to purchase trees as B & B, over 70% of the consumers from other regions preferred to buy in a B & B form. More than 50% of all respondents also preferred to purchase trees in “Container”. By a two to one margin consumers chose to purchase ornamental shrubs in “Container”. Regardless of the region of the country, “bare-root” and “plastic package” were least desired. About 1/2 of the respondents were couples, 80% owned their own homes, over 50% had an income of $25,000 to $75,000 and more than 75% did own plantings.

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Product and Service Attributes Related to Marketing Nursery Stock

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech.2.4.483 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 483-488 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Larry D. Makus ◽

John C. Foltz ◽

Joseph F. Guenthner ◽

Robert R. Tripepi

Keyword(s):

Geographic Location ◽

Western United States ◽

Group Differences ◽

Product Characteristics ◽

Plant Materials ◽

Nursery Stock ◽

Root Stock ◽

Bare Root ◽

General Product ◽

Additional Product

Survey data from 3 11 garden centers, landscapers, and combined garden center/landscaping firms in selected western United States trade centers were analyzed. Results identified important product and service attributes used in respondent decisions to purchase nursery stock. In general, product characteristics were ranked higher than supplier services. The highest-ranked product characteristics included plants free of insects and disease, properly dug and handled container or balled and burlapped stock, properly dug and handled bare root stock, and plants available when needed. However, several additional product characteristics received high rankings. The highest-ranked service was supplier knowledgeable about plant materials. A χ2 analysis was conducted to segment this market on the basis of firm size, business type, and geographic location. Results indicated there were limited between-group differences to use in segmenting the market on the basis of size, business type, or location.

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Effect of Nursery Stock Type and Size on Growth of Three Deciduous Shrub Species in Containers

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.32.3.455c ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 455C-455

Author(s):

Jeffery K. Iles

Keyword(s):

Early Spring ◽

Plant Quality ◽

Plant Performance ◽

Production Cycle ◽

Late Winter ◽

Quality Ratings ◽

Nursery Stock ◽

Root Stock ◽

Stock Type ◽

Bare Root

Rewholesalers, garden centers, and other sellers of deciduous shrubs routinely receive bare-root stock in late winter or early spring for potting; however, bare-root plants are sometimes slow to establish in containers. Potted liners with well-developed root systems show potential for shortening the production cycle and permitting the development of higher-quality plants earlier in the growing season. To study the effect of nursery stock type and size on subsequent growth, two bare-root sizes and one potted liner size of `Cardinal' red osier dogwood (Cornus sericea L.), `Goldflame' spirea (Spiraea xbumalda Burv.), and `James MacFarlane' lilac (Syringa xprestoniae McKelv.) were grown in polyethylene containers of different sizes. Bare-root plants (15 and 30 cm in height) were grown in 2.7- and 6.1-L, and 6.1- and 10.3-L containers, respectively. Potted liners (0.4-L container size) were grown in 6.1- and 10.3-L containers. Plant performance was evaluated 10 and 20 weeks after potting. In general, plant quality ratings increased with container volume for all species. For `Goldflame' spirea and `James MacFarlane' lilac, best plant quality ratings occurred with 30-cm plants grown in 10.3-L containers. But for `Cardinal' redosier dogwood, plant quality ratings were highest and not significantly different for 30-cm bare-root plants and potted liners grown in 10.3-L containers.

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Is Moss Necessary in All Nursery Stock Packaging?

The Forestry Chronicle ◽

10.5558/tfc56109-3 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 56 (3) ◽

pp. 109-111 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R. E. Mullin

Keyword(s):

Frozen Storage ◽

White Spruce ◽

Poor Quality ◽

Red Pine ◽

Sphagnum Moss ◽

White Pine ◽

Cool Storage ◽

Nursery Stock ◽

Polyethylene Bags ◽

Bare Root

In 1976 a test was started to examine the need for sphagnum moss in Kraft-polyethylene bags containing bare-root nursery stock of white spruce, white pine and red pine. The test involved comparisons of overwinter frozen storage (190 to 201 days at −2 °C), spring cool storage (24 to 26 days at 2 °C) and spring unrefrigerated storage (13 to 16 days at air temperature in shade). A comparison was also made of the Kraft-polyethylene bag and the polybin container for the storage of white spruce. The effects were examined in terms of survival and growth in the second year after outplanting.The results showed that sphagnum moss in the containers was of no benefit under the conditions of the experiment. Overwinter frozen storage and spring cool storage were successful for white spruce and white pine. Red pine did not store successfully overwinter, probably because the stock was of poor quality (off-balance). The polybin was particularly successful for packaging and storage of white spruce.

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Another Look at Clay Dipping of Bare-Root Nursery Stock

The Forestry Chronicle ◽

10.5558/tfc55183-5 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 55 (5) ◽

pp. 183-188 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R. E. Mullin ◽

W. R. Bunting

Keyword(s):

Picea Glauca ◽

Pinus Resinosa ◽

Red Pine ◽

White Pine ◽

Late Planting ◽

Nursery Stock ◽

Clay Slurry ◽

Polyethylene Bags ◽

Survival And Growth ◽

Bare Root

Four experiments were established at Orono nursery to study the effects of root dipping (Kaolin clay slurry) on survival and growth after outplanting of white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss), red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) and white pine (P. strobus L.). There were early- and late-season spring plantings carried out after holding the trees in unrefrigerated storage in kraft-polyethylene bags for periods up to 3 weeks. Results of the outplantings were examined in terms of 5-year survival and growth data.The results show that the clay dipping was usually of no benefit and sometimes damaging. Late planting generally resulted in decreased survival and poorer growth. Storage of trees from the early lifting showed no significant decreases in survival and growth, but storage of spruce in the late lifting showed reduced survival and growth in proportion to duration of holding.

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