scholarly journals Ectomycorrhizal Fungal Assemblages of Nursery-Grown Scots Pine are Influenced by Age of the Seedlings

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
Maria Rudawska ◽  
Tomasz Leski
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Planting Stock ◽  
Suillus Luteus ◽  
Nursery Stock ◽  
Ecm Fungi ◽  
Forest Nurseries ◽  
Bare Root ◽  
Wilcoxina Mikolae ◽  
High Level

Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is the most widely distributed pine species in Europe and is relevant in terms of planted areas and harvest yields. Therefore, each year the demand for planting stock of Scots pine is exceedingly high, and large quantities of seedlings are produced annually throughout Europe to carry out reforestation and afforestation programs. Abundant and diverse ectomycorrhizal (ECM) symbiosis is critical for the success of seedlings once planted in the field. To improve our knowledge of ECM fungi that inhabit bare-root nursery stock of Scots pine and understand factors that influence their diversity, we studied the assemblages of ECM fungi present across 23 bare-root forest nurseries in Poland. Nursery stock samples were characterized by a high level of ECM colonization (nearly 100%), and a total of 29 ECM fungal taxa were found on 1- and 2-year-old seedlings. The diversity of the ECM community depended substantially on the nursery and age of the seedlings, and species richness varied from 3–10 taxa on 1-year-old seedlings and 6–13 taxa on 2-year-old seedlings. The ECM fungal communities that developed on the studied nursery stock were characterized by the prevalence of Ascomycota over Basidiomycota members on 1-year-old seedlings. All ecological indices (diversity, dominance, and evenness) were significantly affected by age of the seedlings, most likely because dominant ECM morphotypes on 1-year-old seedlings (Wilcoxina mikolae) were replaced by other dominant ones (e.g., Suillus luteus, Rhizopogon roseolus, Thelephora terrestris, Hebeloma crustuliniforme), mostly from Basidiomycota, on 2-year-old seedlings. Across all nurseries, negative correlations were identified for diversity metrics and soil N or C, indicating that mineral and organic fertilization contributes to the differences in the ECM fungal communities in nurseries. We discuss the ecological and practical implications of the composition and diversity of ECM fungi occurring on bare-root planting stock of Scots pine.

scholarly journals DNA-Metabarcoding of Belowground Fungal Communities in Bare-Root Forest Nurseries: Focus on Different Tree Species

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
Diana Marčiulynienė ◽  
Adas Marčiulynas ◽  
Jūratė Lynikienė ◽  
Miglė Vaičiukynė ◽  
Artūras Gedminas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Pythium Ultimum ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Deciduous Tree ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Seedling Roots ◽  
Forest Nurseries ◽  
Bare Root

The production of tree seedlings in forest nurseries and their use in the replanting of clear-cut forest sites is a common practice in the temperate and boreal forests of Europe. Although conifers dominate on replanted sites, in recent years, deciduous tree species have received more attention due to their often-higher resilience to abiotic and biotic stress factors. The aim of the present study was to assess the belowground fungal communities of bare-root cultivated seedlings of Alnus glutinosa, Betula pendula, Pinus sylvestris, Picea abies and Quercus robur in order to gain a better understanding of the associated fungi and oomycetes, and their potential effects on the seedling performance in forest nurseries and after outplanting. The study sites were at the seven largest bare-root forest nurseries in Lithuania. The sampling included the roots and adjacent soil of 2–3 year old healthy-looking seedlings. Following the isolation of the DNA from the individual root and soil samples, these were amplified using ITS rRNA as a marker, and subjected to high-throughput PacBio sequencing. The results showed the presence of 161,302 high-quality sequences, representing 2003 fungal and oomycete taxa. The most common fungi were Malassezia restricta (6.7% of all of the high-quality sequences), Wilcoxina mikolae (5.0%), Pustularia sp. 3993_4 (4.6%), and Fusarium oxysporum (3.5%). The most common oomycetes were Pythium ultimum var. ultimum (0.6%), Pythium heterothallicum (0.3%), Pythium spiculum (0.3%), and Pythium sylvaticum (0.2%). The coniferous tree species (P. abies and P. sylvestris) generally showed a higher richness of fungal taxa and a rather distinct fungal community composition compared to the deciduous tree species (A. glutinosa, B. pendula, and Q. robur). The results demonstrated that the seedling roots and the rhizosphere soil in forest nurseries support a high richness of fungal taxa. The seedling roots were primarily inhabited by saprotrophic and mycorrhizal fungi, while fungal pathogens and oomycetes were less abundant, showing that the cultivation practices used in forest nurseries secured both the production of high-quality planting stock and disease control.

scholarly journals Post-fire dynamics of ectomycorrhizal fungal communities in a Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forest of Poland

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12076
Author(s):  
Jacek Olchowik ◽  
Dorota Hilszczańska ◽  
Marcin Studnicki ◽  
Tadeusz Malewski ◽  
Khalil Kariman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Control Site ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Fire Event ◽  
Exploration Types ◽  
Ecm Fungi ◽  
Burned Site ◽  
And Control

Background Global warming and drying have markedly enhanced in most forests the risk of fires across the world, which can affect the taxonomic and functional composition of key tree-associated organisms such as ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi. The present study was conducted to characterise the alterations in the extent of root ECM colonisation, the ECM fungal communities, and their exploration types (i.e., indicator of ECM soil foraging strategies) in regenerated pines within a burned site as compared with an unburned site (five years after the fire event) in the Forest District Myszyniec, Poland. Methods To assess the ECM fungal communities of burned and control sites, soil soil-root monoliths were collected from the study sites in September 2019. A total of 96 soil subsamples were collected for soil analysis and mycorrhizal assessment (6 trees × 2 sites × 4 study plots × 2 microsites (north and south) = 96 subsamples). Results The percentage of root ECM colonisation was significantly lower in the burned site in comparison with the unburned (control) site. However, the ECM species richness did not differ between the control and burned sites. The identified ECM species in both sites were Imleria badia, Thelephora terrestris, Russula paludosa, R. badia, R. turci, R. vesca, Lactarius plumbeus, Phialocephala fortinii, and Hyaloscypha variabilis. The most frequent species in the burned and control sites were I. badia and T. terrestris, respectively. The relative abundances of contact, medium-distance smooth and long-distance exploration types in the burned site were significantly different from the control site, dominated by the medium-distance exploration type in both sites. The abundance of the long-distance exploration type in the burned site was markedly greater (27%) than that of the control site (14%), suggesting that the fire event had favoured this ECM foraging strategy. The results demonstrated that the fire led to reduced ECM colonisation of Scots pine trees in the burned site whereas the species richness was not affected, which can be attributed to degrees of fire-resistance in the ECM species, survival of ECM propagules in deeper soil layers, and/or continuous entry of spores/propagules of the ECM fungi from the adjacent forests via wind, water run-off or animals.

scholarly journals Characteristics and diversity of Rhizoctonia spp. population in soil of selected forest bare-root nurseries in Poland

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 279-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Bełka ◽  
Małgorzata Mańka
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Anastomosis Groups ◽  
Forest Nurseries ◽  
Bare Root

Fourty three <em>Rhizoctonia</em> isolates obtained from four forest nurseries situated in the Wielkopolska region (central-western Poland) has been proved as multinucleate (anamorph – <em>R. solani</em>). They represented four anastomosis groups (AG): AG1-IC, AG-5, AG4-HG2 and AG2-1. Three AGs were found in Jarocin nursery (AG-5, AG4-HG2 and AG2-1), two in Łopuchówko (AG-5 and AG4-HG2) and one in Konstantynowo (AG1-IC) and Pniewy (AG-5). All isolates were highly pathogenic to Scots pine (<em>Pinus sylvestris</em>) seedlings and pose a large damping-off threat to the seedlings in the nurseries with single AG and in those where more AGs exists.

Ectomycorrhizal fungal communities of pedunculate and sessile oak seedlings from bare-root forest nurseries

Mycorrhiza ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Leski ◽  
Marcin Pietras ◽  
Maria Rudawska
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Sessile Oak ◽  
Forest Nurseries ◽  
Bare Root ◽  
Oak Seedlings

scholarly journals The Effects of Suillus Luteus Inoculation on Rhizospheric Fungal Community Diversity and Structure of Pinus Massoniana in Mining Area

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peiyi Yu ◽  
Chen Ning ◽  
Jingzhen Chen ◽  
Fan Zhu ◽  
Airong Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Soil Enzymes ◽  
Pinus Massoniana ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Bulk Soil ◽  
Suillus Luteus ◽  
Ecm Fungi

Abstract BackgroundAs important decomposers and plant symbionts, soil fungal communities play a major role in remediating heavy metal polluted soils. However, diversity and structure of fungal communities generally remain unclear in mining area. This study aimed to assess the rhizospheric fungal community composition of masson’s pine (Pinus massoniana) in lead-zinc mining area of Suxian district, Hunan Province, China. The experiment was treated as three ways: masson’s pine inoculated with or without Suillus luteus and bulk soil without plant as control. ResultsThe results showed that the inoculation of ectomycorrhizal fungi could enlarge the plants’ capability to absorb heavy metals and secrete soil enzymes. The richness and diversity of fungi in rhizospheric soil were significantly higher than bulk soil (p＜0.05), but no obvious difference between rhizospheric soils inoculated with and without ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi while the community structure was changed. The rhizospheric fungi belong to 6 phylum, 25 classes, 65 orders, 115 families and 150 genera and the dominant phyla were Chytridiomycota (50.49%), Ascomycota (38.54%), and Basidiomycota (9.02%). By using LEfSe and heatmap, the relative abundance of Suillus, Paraglomus, Agaricus, and Tulasnella were the highest with ECM fungi inoculation. Redundant analysis (RDA) showed that the community structure significantly changed with ECM fungi inoculation, which was significantly related to soil water content, carbon nitrogen ratio, bulk density, available potassium, and soil enzymes. ConclusionsAll together, the inoculation with ECM fungi may change the inhabit environment of microorganisms and the dominant fungi in soil, which provided a screening of keystone species in the heavy metal-contaminated mining area.

scholarly journals Ectomycorrhizal Fungi Associated with Pinus densiflora Seedlings under Flooding Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4367
Author(s):  
Yoonhee Cho ◽  
Shinnam Yoo ◽  
Myung Soo Park ◽  
Ji Seon Kim ◽  
Chang Sun Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Pinus Densiflora ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Thelephora Terrestris ◽  
Suillus Luteus ◽  
Flooding Stress ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Rhizopogon Luteolus

Flooding is an environmental stress for plants that not only limits aeration and nutrient acquisition, but also disturbs underground plant-associated fungal communities. Despite frequent flooding, red pine (Pinus densiflora) seedlings thrive in streamside environments. However, whether the compatible ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) of red pine are affected by natural flooding is unclear. As EMF are vital symbionts for the development of many trees and allow them to overcome various environmental stresses, in this study, the EMF species associated with red pine seedlings in a streamside environment in Korea were investigated after flooding. The EMF species in 47 seedlings collected from the streamside site were identified by observing their different morphotypes using internal transcribed spacer sequence analysis, and a total of 10 EMF species were identified. The EMF species diversity was lower than that in samples collected from a nearby forest analyzed as a control. The dominant EMF species of streamside seedlings included Amphinema spp., Rhizopogon luteolus, Suillus luteus, and Thelephora terrestris. This study could serve as a basis for investigating the mechanisms by which advantageous EMF aid plant development under flooding stress.

Draft Reduction of Bare Root Nursery Stock Digger Blades

1972 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 0416-0419
Author(s):  
J. N. Lawyer ◽  
W. J. Chancellor and M. O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
Nursery Stock ◽  
Bare Root

Compartmentalized and contrasted response of ectomycorrhizal and soil fungal communities of Scots pine forests along elevation gradients in France and Spain

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 3009-3024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Rincón ◽  
Blanca Santamaría-Pérez ◽  
Sonia G. Rabasa ◽  
Aurore Coince ◽  
Benoit Marçais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Elevation Gradients ◽  
Scots Pine Forests
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